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CompletedNCT04207567Updated Apr 19, 2021

Minute Calisthenics: A Daily, Habit-Based, Bodyweight Resistance-Training Program

An interventional study of Bodyweight exercises (push-ups, angled-rows, bodyweight squats) on weekdays in Resistance Training, sponsored by Edward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine. Completed at 2 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 19 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-04-19.

Sponsored by Edward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
47
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
19 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

As the primary objective, this study will evaluate the effectiveness, in terms of changes in physical strength, of a resistance training (RT) program consisting of brief bodyweight exercises (\<5 min/day) performed unsupervised every weekday for 12 weeks. Blood pressure, lipid profile, hemoglobin A1ca, habit strength and satisfaction with the program will also be assessed. Office workers and osteopathic medical students will serve as participants.They will be randomized (1:1) to the intervention group or to a waitlist control group that will refrain from RT for the initial 12 weeks. After the 12-week follow-up assessment, the intervention group will continue the program and the waitlist control group will start the program for 12 weeks, followed by a 24-week follow-up assessment.

Read the detailed description

Regular resistance training (RT) provides significant health benefits. However, roughly 3 out of 4 US adults do not meet current US Physical Activity Guidelines regarding RT. Studies are needed that assess the effectiveness and feasibility of RT programs that are time-efficient and simple to perform.

This will be a randomized controlled study of a habit-based RT program consisting of one set each of push-ups, angled-rows, and bodyweight squats performed every weekday for 12 weeks. Forty to 60 office workers and osteopathic medical students, who currently do not engage in RT, will be recruited, assessed, and randomized (1:1) to an intervention group, which will perform the exercises as just described, or a waitlist control group, which will refrain from RT for 12 weeks. To promote consistent exercise performance, the intervention group will be trained in the Tiny Habits® Method (a systematic approach to adding new behaviors in one's daily routine) and receive digital coaching for the duration of the study.

After the 12-week follow-up assessment, the intervention group will continue the program for an additional 12 weeks, and the waitlist control group will start the program and continue for 12 weeks, including Tiny Habits training and digital coaching. A 24-week follow-up assessment will then be conducted.

The primary outcome of interest is the change from baseline to 12-weeks in physical strength from, as measured by the maximum number of composite repetitions (i.e., push-ups + angled-rows + bodyweight squats) performed under a standardized protocol. Secondary outcomes of interest include adherence to and satisfaction with the program, and change from baseline to 12- and 24-week follow-up in composite repetitions, habit strength, blood pressure, lipid panel, hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, anthropometry, body composition, and mid-thigh muscle thickness

02

Conditions studied

  • Resistance Training

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03

In context

Body Weight

1,223 studies on the registry are indexed under Body Weight; 132 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 47 is below the median of 64 across 947 interventional studies indexed under Body Weight.

Browse Body Weight studies →

Lead sponsor

Edward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine is the lead sponsor of 24 studies on the registry; 5 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
19 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • Office worker or osteopathic medical student at the local college/university
  • Demonstrate ability to properly perform 1 repetition of each exercise (push-ups, angled-rows, bodyweight squats).
  • Indicate having motivation and confidence in ability to perform exercises on weekdays.
  • Low adverse event risk while participating, as assessed via the Physical Activity Readiness-Questionnaire (PAR-Q)
  • Must be able to identify a suitable location (either at home, school, or office) to set up the suspension system needed to perform the angled-row exercise.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Pregnant
  • Participation in structured resistance training for ≥2 days/week, on average, during the past year.
  • Implanted medical device (e.g., pacemaker, defibrillator).
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
47 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Intervention Arm

    Participants in this arm will be instructed to perform one set each of push-ups, angled-rows and bodyweight squats every weekday without supervision for a total of 24 weeks. They will receive the equipment necessary to perform the exercises as well as guidance on proper performance. They will also receive training in the Tiny Habits® Method at baseline and digital coaching for the duration of the study.

    Behavioral: Bodyweight exercises (push-ups, angled-rows, bodyweight squats) on weekdays

  • No intervention
    Waitlist Control Arm

    Participants in the control arm will be instructed to refrain from resistance training for the initial 12 weeks of the study. Note that, after the 12-week follow-up assessment (at which the primary outcome of composite reps will be assessed), this group will begin the RT program. They will receive the same equipment, training, and coaching as the intervention group, and they will continue the RT program for 12 weeks, followed by a 24-week assessment.

Interventions

  • BehavioralBodyweight exercises (push-ups, angled-rows, bodyweight squats) on weekdays

    Participants will be instructed to perform one set each of push-ups, angled-rows, and bodyweight squats every weekday. They will be given the equipment and training necessary to properly perform the exercises. They will also be trained in the Tiny Habits® Method and receive digital coaching.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Physical strength

    As the primary outcome, the change in physical strength in the intervention group vs. the control group from baseline to 12-week follow-up will be determined by assessing the maximum number of composite repetitions (i.e., push-ups + angled rows + bodyweight squats) that the participant is able to perform under a standardized protocol.

    Time frame: 12 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. Physical strength

    The change in physical strength baseline to 24-week follow-up, in the intervention group, and from 12-week follow-up to 24-week follow-up, in the waitlist control group, will be determined by assessing the maximum number of composite repetitions (i.e., push-ups + angled rows + bodyweight squats) that the participant is able to perform under a standardized protocol at those timepoints.

    Time frame: Up to 24 weeks

  2. Blood pressure

    Measure at baseline, 12-week, and 24-week follow-up following guideline recommendations and using a calibrated automated blood pressure cuff.

    Time frame: Baseline, 12-week, and 24-week follow-up

  3. Lipid profile

    Total cholesterol, (calculated) LDL, HDL, and triglycerides measured at baseline, 12-week, and 24-week follow-up using the CardioChek Plus Analyzer.

    Time frame: Baseline, 12-week, and 24-week follow-up

  4. Hemoglobin A1c

    Measured at baseline, 12-week, and 24-week follow-up using the PTS Diagnostics A1CNow+ System.

    Time frame: Baseline, 12-week, and 24-week follow-up

  5. Habit strength

    Each week during the initial 12-weeks of their intervention phase, participants will complete a survey that, among other things, assesses change in habit strength regarding exercise performance (push-ups, angled-rows, bodyweight squats), via the validated Self-Report Behavioral Automaticity Index (SRBAI).

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  6. Adherence to protocol

    Each week during the initial 12-weeks of their intervention phase, participants will complete a survey that, among other things, will assess their (self-reported) adherence to the resistance-training protocol.

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  7. Satisfaction with program

    Each week during the initial 12-weeks of their intervention phase, participants will complete a survey that, among other things, is meant to assess their level of satisfaction with the program.

    Time frame: 12 weeks

07

Study locations

2 sites
  • Auburn University
    Auburn, Alabama 36832, United States
  • Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn Campus
    Auburn, Alabama 36832, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Piercy KL, Troiano RP, Ballard RM, Carlson SA, Fulton JE, Galuska DA, George SM, Olson RD. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. JAMA. 2018 Nov 20;320(19):2020-2028. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.14854. PubMed 30418471 ↗
  • National Center for Health Statistics (US). Health, United States, 2017: With Special Feature on Mortality [Internet]. Hyattsville (MD): National Center for Health Statistics (US); 2018. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532685/ PubMed 30702833 ↗
  • Westcott WL. Resistance training is medicine: effects of strength training on health. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2012 Jul-Aug;11(4):209-16. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e31825dabb8. PubMed 22777332 ↗
  • Hollingsworth JC, Young KC, Abdullah SF, Wadsworth DD, Abukhader A, Elfenbein B, Holley Z. Protocol for Minute Calisthenics: a randomized controlled study of a daily, habit-based, bodyweight resistance training program. BMC Public Health. 2020 Aug 15;20(1):1242. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09355-4. PubMed 32799849 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Apr 19, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04207567
Lead sponsor
Edward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine
Collaborators
Auburn University
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Dec 23, 2019
Start date
Nov 11, 2019
Primary completion
Sep 20, 2020
Completion
Jan 4, 2021
Last update
Apr 19, 2021

Study contacts

Joshua C Hollingsworth, PharmD, PhD
principal investigator · Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM-Auburn)

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Apr 2021. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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