A Phase 3 interventional study of Apalutamide and Biospecimen Collection in Prostate Adenocarcinoma, Stage I Prostate Cancer AJCC v8 and Stage II Prostate Cancer AJCC v8, sponsored by NRG Oncology. Active, not recruiting at 350 sites in 2 countries. Open to male participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-17.
Sponsored by NRG Oncology · Phase 3, Interventional, and Treatment
This phase III trial studies whether adding apalutamide to the usual treatment improves outcome in patients with lymph node positive prostate cancer after surgery. Radiation therapy uses high energy x-ray to kill tumor cells and shrink tumors. Androgens, or male sex hormones, can cause the growth of prostate cancer cells. Drugs, such as apalutamide, may help stop or reduce the growth of prostate cancer cell growth by blocking the attachment of androgen to its receptors on cancer cells, a mechanism similar to stopping the entrance of a key into its lock. Adding apalutamide to the usual hormone therapy and radiation therapy after surgery may stabilize prostate cancer and prevent it from spreading and extend time without disease spreading compared to the usual approach.
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:
I. Compare metastasis-free survival (MFS) of salvage radiation therapy (RT) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist/antagonist versus (vs.) RT/GnRH agonist/antagonist with apalutamide for patients with pathologic node-positive prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy with detectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA).
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. Compare health-related quality of life (Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite [EPIC]-26, EuroQol [EQ]-5 Dimension [D]-5 Level [L], Brief Pain Inventory, Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System [PROMIS]-Fatigue) among the treatment arms.
II. Compare overall survival, biochemical progression-free survival, time to local-regional progression, time to castrate resistance, and cancer-specific survival among the treatment arms.
III. Compare the short-term and long-term treatment-related adverse events among the treatment arms.
EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:
I. Validate Decipher score for an exclusively node-positive population and use additional genomic information from Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0st array to develop and validate novel prognostic and predictive biomarkers.
II. Validate the PAM50-based classification of prostate cancer into luminal A, luminal B, and basal subtypes as prognostic markers and determine whether the luminal B subtype is a predictive marker for having a larger improvement in outcome from the addition of apalutamide.
III. To optimize quality assurance methodologies and processes for radiotherapy and imaging with machine learning strategies.
OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms.
ARM I: Patients receive standard of care hormone therapy per physician discretion for 24 months. Patients also undergo standard of care pelvis and prostate bed radiation therapy 5 days per week over 5-6 or 7-8 weeks beginning within 90 days of randomization in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
ARM II: Patients undergo standard of care hormone therapy and radiation therapy as in Arm I. Patients also receive apalutamide orally (PO) once daily (QD) on days 1-90 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 90 days for 8 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Patients in both arms may undergo computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bone scan, and positron emission tomography (PET) as clinically indicated throughout the study. Patients may also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 6 months for 3 years, then annually thereafter.
6,370 studies on the registry are indexed under Prostatic Neoplasms; 1,400 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 586 is above the median of 58 across 4,822 interventional studies indexed under Prostatic Neoplasms.
Browse Prostatic Neoplasms studies →NRG Oncology is the lead sponsor of 72 studies on the registry; 25 are open to participants now.
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Exclusion Criteria:
History of any of the following:
Current evidence of any of the following:
Patients receive standard of care hormone therapy per physician discretion for 24 months. Patients also undergo standard of care pelvis and prostate bed radiation therapy 5 days per week over 5-6 or 7-8 weeks beginning within 90 days of randomization in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients in both arms may undergo CT, MRI, bone scan, and PET as clinically indicated throughout the study. Patients may also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study.
Procedure: Biospecimen Collection · Procedure: Bone Scan · Procedure: Computed Tomography · Drug: Hormone Therapy · Procedure: Magnetic Resonance Imaging · Procedure: Positron Emission Tomography · Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment · Other: Questionnaire Administration · Radiation: Radiation Therapy
Patients undergo standard of care hormone therapy and radiation therapy as in Arm I. Patients also receive apalutamide PO QD on days 1-90 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 90 days for 8 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients in both arms may undergo CT, MRI, bone scan, and PET as clinically indicated throughout the study. Patients may also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study.
Drug: Apalutamide · Procedure: Biospecimen Collection · Procedure: Bone Scan · Procedure: Computed Tomography · Drug: Hormone Therapy · Procedure: Magnetic Resonance Imaging · Procedure: Positron Emission Tomography · Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment · Other: Questionnaire Administration · Radiation: Radiation Therapy
Given PO
Also known as: ARN 509, ARN-509, ARN509, Erleada, JNJ 56021927, JNJ-56021927
Undergo blood sample collection
Also known as: Biological Sample Collection, Biospecimen Collected, Specimen Collection
Undergo bone scan
Also known as: Bone Scintigraphy
Undergo CT
Also known as: CAT, CAT Scan, Computed Axial Tomography, Computerized Axial Tomography, Computerized axial tomography (procedure), Computerized Tomography, Computerized Tomography (CT) scan, CT, CT Scan, tomography
Receive hormone therapy
Also known as: Chemotherapy-Hormones/Steroids, Endocrine Therapy, Hormonal, Hormonal Therapy, hormone treatment, Hormones
Undergo MRI
Also known as: Magnetic Resonance, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Magnetic resonance imaging (procedure), Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan, Medical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance / Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, MR, MR Imaging, MRI, MRI Scan, MRIs, NMR Imaging, NMRI, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, sMRI, Structural MRI
Undergo PET
Also known as: Medical Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography, PET, PET Scan, Positron emission tomography (procedure), Positron Emission Tomography Scan, Positron-Emission Tomography, PT
Ancillary studies
Also known as: Quality of Life Assessment
Ancillary studies
Undergo pelvis and prostate bed radiation therapy
Also known as: Cancer Radiotherapy, Energy Type, ENERGY_TYPE, Irradiate, Irradiated, Irradiation, Radiation, Radiation Therapy, NOS, Radiotherapeutics, Radiotherapy, RT, Therapy, Radiation
Metastasis-free survival (MFS)
Kaplan-Meier curves will be generated and metastasis-free survival compared between the two treatment groups by a logrank test, stratified by prostate specific antigen (PSA) level after prostatectomy (never detectable or rising). Cox regression modeling to assess and adjust for the effects of PSA stratum and other baseline covariates will also be performed. The proportional hazards assumption will be tested using Schoenfeld residuals and graphical methods. Martingale residual plots will be examined to determine the best functional form for incorporating covariates into the model. A competing risks analysis will also be performed with time to distant metastasis or death from prostate cancer as the event of interest and death from other causes as the competing risk. Cumulative incidence curves will be generated along with Fine-Gray's test. Patients alive and metastasis free will be censored as of the time of the last negative examination.
Time frame: From randomization to detection of metastatic disease or death from any cause, assessed up to 7.5 years
Quality of life (QOL) between the two treatment arms
Quality of life scores will be derived by constructing summary measures across domains from the various quality of life instruments (Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite-26, EuroQol (EQ)-5 Dimension (D)-5 Level (L), Brief Pain Inventory, and Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System-Fatigue). Calculated health utilities will be derived from the EQ-5D-5L instrument and used to produce a quality-adjusted life year survival estimate post-treatment. The area under the curve provides an estimate of the quality-adjusted, restricted mean survival time and will be compared between the two treatment arms as described in Glasziou et al (1990). QOL scores will be analyzed using mixed effects regression for longitudinal data to compare the profiles over time between the two treatment groups (Gibbons and Hedeker, 2000). The models will include treatment, time, and treatment-by-time interaction terms as fixed effects and subjects as a random effect.
Time frame: Up to 3 years post treatment
Overall survival (OS)
Will be summarized by Kaplan-Meier curves and compared between treatment groups via logrank tests and Cox regression modeling.
Time frame: From randomization until date of death or censored at last date known alive, assessed up to 7.5 years
Biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS)
Will be summarized by Kaplan-Meier curves and compared between treatment groups via logrank tests and Cox regression modeling. In addition, competing risks analyses will be performed and cumulative incidence curves generated for bPFS with death from other (i.e., non-prostate cancer) causes treated as a competing event. Patients who die from non-prostate cancer related causes will be censored as of the date of death.
Time frame: From randomization until biochemical recurrence or death from prostate cancer, assessed up to 7.5 years
Time to local-regional progression
Competing risks analyses will be performed and cumulative incidence curves generated for local-regional progression with death from other (i.e., non-prostate cancer) causes treated as a competing event.
Time frame: Up to 7.5 years
Time to castrate resistance
Will be summarized by Kaplan-Meier curves and compared between treatment groups via logrank tests and Cox regression modeling. Patients who die prior to resistance will be censored.
Time frame: Up to 7.5 years
Cancer-specific survival
Will be summarized by Kaplan-Meier curves and compared between treatment groups via logrank tests and Cox regression modeling. In addition, competing risks analyses will be performed and cumulative incidence curves generated for cancer-specific survival with death from other (i.e., non-prostate cancer) causes treated as a competing event. Patients who die from non-prostate cancer related causes will be censored as of the date of death.
Time frame: Up to 7.5 years
Incidence of adverse events
Will be assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Adverse events will be tabulated by type, level of severity, and attribution for each treatment arm and the rate of events compared between treatment groups using chi-square or Fisher's exact tests.
Time frame: Up to 7.5 years
MFS by Decipher genomic score
Will determine the ability of the Decipher test to predict for metastasis in a purely node-positive population. Subgroup analyses of MFS by Decipher genomic score (high risk or low/intermediate risk) will be performed and tests for treatment-by-risk group interaction conducted via Cox regression to explore whether any benefits of apalutamide is limited to the high (or low/intermediate) risk stratum.
Time frame: Up to 7.5 years
OS by Decipher genomic score
Will determine the ability of the Decipher test to predict for metastasis in a purely node-positive population. Subgroup analyses of OS by Decipher genomic score (high risk or low/intermediate risk) will be performed and tests for treatment-by-risk group interaction conducted via Cox regression to explore whether any benefits of apalutamide is limited to the high (or low/intermediate) risk stratum.
Time frame: Up to 7.5 years
PAM50-based classification of prostate cancer
Will validate the PAM50-based classification of prostate cancer into luminal A, luminal B, and basal subtypes as prognostic markers. Classifications of prostate cancer into Luminal A, Luminal B, and basal subtypes using the PAM50 method of classification. Subgroup analyses will be performed and tests for treatment-by-risk group interaction conducted via Cox regression to explore whether any benefits of apalutamide is limited to the high (or low/intermediate) risk stratum.
Time frame: Up to 7.5 years
Estimate of treatment effect by sex
Estimates of the primary outcome treatment effect and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by sex.
Time frame: Up to 7.5 years
Estimate of treatment effect by race
Estimates of the primary outcome treatment effect and the corresponding 95% CIs by race.
Time frame: Up to 7.5 years
Estimates of treatment effect by ethnicity
Estimates of the primary outcome treatment effect and the corresponding 95% CIs by ethnicity.
Time frame: Up to 7.5 years
Showing the first 100 of 350 sites across 2 countries.
Plan to share: Yes — NCI is committed to sharing data in accordance with NIH policy. For more details on how clinical trial data is shared, access the link to the NIH data sharing policy page.
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NRG Oncology