ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT04070105Updated Mar 27, 2024Results posted

No Power Bionic Lower Extremity Prosthesis

An interventional study of Compliant Adaptive Energy Storage and Return Foot and AllPro in Amputation, Amputation, Traumatic and Amputation; Traumatic, Leg, Lower, sponsored by University of Michigan. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-03-27.

Sponsored by University of Michigan · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
6
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Typically people need separate prosthetic feet for running and walking. To bridge the gap, this study will test the Compliant Adaptive Energy Storage and Return (CAESAR) foot. This foot can change from a walk mode to a run mode with the push of a button. The investigators will test and improve this foot design mechanically, and then test this design on individuals with lower limb amputation in a lab setting. The goal of this project is to develop a passive prosthetic foot that can serve two purposes in someone's daily life: walking and running, to allow them to be more active.

Read the detailed description

Typically people need separate prosthetic feet for running and walking. To bridge the gap, this study will test the Compliant Adaptive Energy Storage and Return (CAESAR) foot. This foot can change from a walk mode to a run mode with the push of a button. The investigators will test and improve this foot design mechanically, and then test this design on individuals with lower limb amputation in a lab setting. The goal of this project is to develop a passive prosthetic foot that can serve two purposes in someone's daily life: walking and running, to allow them to be more active. Here we will test this device to determine how it affects the user's mechanics during running and walking. Participants will come to a research laboratory for three test sessions where they will run and walk in their current foot, a commercial high-activity foot, and the prototype CAESAR foot.

02

Conditions studied

  • Amputation
  • Amputation, Traumatic
  • Amputation; Traumatic, Leg, Lower

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03

In context

Amputation, Traumatic

112 studies on the registry are indexed under Amputation, Traumatic; 24 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 6 is below the median of 15 across 75 interventional studies indexed under Amputation, Traumatic.

Browse Amputation, Traumatic studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Michigan is the lead sponsor of 1,506 studies on the registry; 192 are open to participants now.

Of its 169 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 133 (79%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Patient Population:

Inclusion criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

  • At least 18 years old
  • Transtibial amputation of one or both legs
  • Classified as K3 or K4 on the Medicare Functional Classification Level
  • Use of a well-fitting prosthetic socket and prosthetic foot for at least 6 months
  • Able to walk and run without assistance

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Significant injury to intact limb
  • History of balance impairments or neurologic disorders
  • Significant cardiovascular or respiratory disease
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
6 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    CAESAR Foot, Prescribed Feet, AllPro

    Participants will walk and run with different prostheses on different days in a laboratory. The order of testing is CAESAR Foot, Prescribed Feet, AllPro.

    Device: Compliant Adaptive Energy Storage and Return Foot · Device: AllPro

  • Experimental
    CAESAR Foot, AllPro, Prescribed Feet

    Participants will walk and run with different prostheses on different days in a laboratory. The order of testing is CAESAR Foot, AllPro, Prescribed Feet

    Device: Compliant Adaptive Energy Storage and Return Foot · Device: AllPro

  • Experimental
    Prescribed Feet, AllPro, CAESAR Foot

    Participants will walk and run with different prostheses on different days in a laboratory. The order of testing is Prescribed Feet, AllPro, CAESAR Foot

    Device: Compliant Adaptive Energy Storage and Return Foot · Device: AllPro

  • Experimental
    Prescribed Feet, CAESAR Foot, AllPro

    Participants will walk and run with different prostheses on different days in a laboratory. The order of testing is Prescribed Feet, CAESAR Foot, AllPro

    Device: Compliant Adaptive Energy Storage and Return Foot · Device: AllPro

  • Experimental
    AllPro, Prescribed Feet, CAESAR Foot

    Participants will walk and run with different prostheses on different days in a laboratory. The order of testing is AllPro, Prescribed Feet, CAESAR Foot

    Device: Compliant Adaptive Energy Storage and Return Foot · Device: AllPro

  • Experimental
    AllPro, CAESAR Foot, Prescribed Feet,

    Participants will walk and run with different prostheses on different days in a laboratory. The order of testing is AllPro, CAESAR Foot, Prescribed Feet

    Device: Compliant Adaptive Energy Storage and Return Foot · Device: AllPro

Interventions

  • DeviceCompliant Adaptive Energy Storage and Return Foot

    The primary concept of the CAESAR foot is to switch from a walking foot to a running foot with the push of a button

    Also known as: CAESAR Foot

  • DeviceAllPro

    Participants will be fit with a high activity foot designed to be used for walking and running

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Peak Propulsive Ground Reaction Force on the Prosthetic Side During Walking

    Participants will walk over sensors that measure the force under their foot. Peak ground reaction force in the anterior direction is measured in Newtons and then divided by the individual's body weight (BW). The resultant force is measured in Body-weights.

    Time frame: All conditions were complete during 3 lab visits, approximately four hours long

  2. Participants Perceived Comfort When Using Different Prosthetic Feet During Walking

    Participants were asked their perceived comfort on a visual analog scale from 0 (most uncomfortable) to 100 (most comfortable)

    Time frame: All conditions were complete during 3 lab visits, approximately four hours long

  3. Peak Propulsive Ground Reaction Force on the Prosthetic Side During Running

    Participants will run on a treadmill with force sensors below the treadmill belt. Data will be measured in Newtons and then normalized by dividing by body weight.

    Time frame: All conditions were complete during 3 lab visits, approximately four hours long

  4. Participants Perceived Comfort When Using Different Prosthetic Feet During Running

    Participants were asked their perceived comfort on a visual analog scale from 0 (most uncomfortable) to 100 (most comfortable)

    Time frame: All conditions were complete during 3 lab visits, approximately four hours long

Secondary outcomes

  1. Net V02 (Metabolic Cost) During Running

    Participants will wear a mask that measures their rate of oxygen consumption while they run for 5 minutes at a comfortable pace

    Time frame: All conditions were complete during 3 lab visits, approximately four hours long

07

Results

Posted Mar 27, 2024
Limitations and caveats
Six participants were enrolled and we built six feet for those individuals. Due to delays because of COVID pauses in human subjects testing, only five were available to test the final foot design. Of these, only three were able to run on a treadmill comfortably for five minutes.

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneCAESAR, Then Prescribed, Then AllProCAESAR, Then AllPro, Then PrescribedPrescribed, Then AllPro, Then CAESARPrescribed, Then CAESAR, Then AllProAllPro, Then CAESAR, Then PrescribedAllPro, Then Prescribed, Then CAESAR
Started021111
Completed021110
Not completed000001
Withdrew: Lost to follow-up000001

Outcome measures

PrimaryPeak Propulsive Ground Reaction Force on the Prosthetic Side During Walking

Participants will walk over sensors that measure the force under their foot. Peak ground reaction force in the anterior direction is measured in Newtons and then divided by the individual's body weight (BW). The resultant force is measured in Body-weights.

Time frame:
All conditions were complete during 3 lab visits, approximately four hours long
Reported as:
Mean · Body-weights
Peak Propulsive Ground Reaction Force on the Prosthetic Side During Walking
Body-weightsPrescribedAllProCAESAR
Peak Propulsive Ground Reaction Force on the Prosthetic Side During Walking.175 ± 0.043.166 ± 0.022.166 ± 0.013
PrimaryParticipants Perceived Comfort When Using Different Prosthetic Feet During Walking

Participants were asked their perceived comfort on a visual analog scale from 0 (most uncomfortable) to 100 (most comfortable)

Time frame:
All conditions were complete during 3 lab visits, approximately four hours long
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Participants Perceived Comfort When Using Different Prosthetic Feet During Walking
score on a scalePrescribedAllProCAESAR
Participants Perceived Comfort When Using Different Prosthetic Feet During Walking84.8 ± 11.180.6 ± 18.777.4 ± 23.9
PrimaryPeak Propulsive Ground Reaction Force on the Prosthetic Side During Running

Participants will run on a treadmill with force sensors below the treadmill belt. Data will be measured in Newtons and then normalized by dividing by body weight.

Time frame:
All conditions were complete during 3 lab visits, approximately four hours long
Reported as:
Mean · Body-weights
Peak Propulsive Ground Reaction Force on the Prosthetic Side During Running
Body-weightsPrescribedAllProCAESAR
Peak Propulsive Ground Reaction Force on the Prosthetic Side During Running0.093 ± 0.0061780.079 ± 0.005169.154 ± 0.004942
SecondaryNet V02 (Metabolic Cost) During Running

Participants will wear a mask that measures their rate of oxygen consumption while they run for 5 minutes at a comfortable pace

Time frame:
All conditions were complete during 3 lab visits, approximately four hours long
Reported as:
Mean · mL/kg/min
Net V02 (Metabolic Cost) During Running
mL/kg/minPrescribedAllProCAESAR
Net V02 (Metabolic Cost) During Running25.66 ± 2.9326.86 ± 2.9927.68 ± 2.52
PrimaryParticipants Perceived Comfort When Using Different Prosthetic Feet During Running

Participants were asked their perceived comfort on a visual analog scale from 0 (most uncomfortable) to 100 (most comfortable)

Time frame:
All conditions were complete during 3 lab visits, approximately four hours long
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Participants Perceived Comfort When Using Different Prosthetic Feet During Running
score on a scalePrescribedAllProCAESAR
Participants Perceived Comfort When Using Different Prosthetic Feet During Running51.8 ± 27.259.6 ± 23.366.4 ± 36.5

Adverse events

Collected over During each of the three, approximately 4 hour, data collection sessions. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Prosthetic Foot Intervention0/6 (0%)0/6 (0%)0/6 (0%)

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Prosthetic Foot Intervention
Mean48.7 ± 14.0
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Prosthetic Foot Intervention
Female1
Male5
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected(Participants)Prosthetic Foot Intervention
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)Prosthetic Foot Intervention
United States6
Height (m)
Height (m)(meters)Prosthetic Foot Intervention
Mean1.75 ± 0.10
Weight (kg)
Weight (kg)(kg)Prosthetic Foot Intervention
Mean80.0 ± 8.3
08

Study locations

1 site
  • University of Michigan
    Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
09

References and documents

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

10

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Mar 27, 2024, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04070105
Responsible party
Deanna H Gates (Associate Professor, University of Michigan) — Principal investigator
First posted
Aug 28, 2019
Start date
Sep 1, 2020
Primary completion
Dec 31, 2022
Completion
Dec 31, 2022
Results posted
Mar 27, 2024
Last update
Mar 27, 2024

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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