ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT04045665PACESUpdated Jun 26, 2026

Anticoagulation for New-Onset Post-Operative Atrial Fibrillation After CABG

A Phase 3 interventional study of Antiplatelet-only strategy and Oral Anticoagulant plus background antiplatelet therapy in Atrial Fibrillation, Stroke and Bleeding, sponsored by Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Recruiting at 106 sites in 5 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-06-26.

Sponsored by Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · Phase 3, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Dec 2019; still recruiting 6 years 11 months later.

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Phase
Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
3,200
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-13

Among 993 studies in Atrial Fibrillation with a site in United States — 161 open to participants now, 220 under way, 15 of them phase 3. Atrial Fibrillation · United States.

Planned enrollment
37th of 679
3,200 · median 127
Started
2019
with 57 others
Phase 3
100 of 993
11 open now
Primary completion
2026-08
later than 54 of 219 live
Registered
600th of 993
by date

Among the 993 studies in Atrial Fibrillation with a site in United States, this one is the 37th largest by planned enrollment of the 679 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 58 that started in 2019, is one of 100 in phase 3, reaches primary completion later than 54 of the 219 other live ones, and was the 600th registered.

Atrial Fibrillation

4,009 studies on the registry are indexed under Atrial Fibrillation; 960 are open to participants now.

Browse Atrial Fibrillation studies →

Open to participants now

161 of the 993 studies in Atrial Fibrillation with a site in United States are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

156 more — sign in →

All 161 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in United States have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in United States →

Who these studies take

Of the 611 Atrial Fibrillation studies recruiting now, 407 (67%) set no upper age limit and 43 (7%) stop at 75 or younger; 21 take children under 18; 43 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

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02

Study summary

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness (prevention of thromboembolic events) and safety (major bleeding) of adding oral anticoagulation (OAC) to background antiplatelet therapy in patients who develop new-onset post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

All patients with a qualifying POAF event, who decline randomization, will be offered the option of enrollment in a parallel registry that captures their baseline risk profile and their treatment strategy in terms of anticoagulants or antiplatelets received. These patients will also be asked to fill out a brief decliner survey.

Read the detailed description

This is a prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized trial comparing OAC with no OAC (1:1 ratio) in patients who develop new-onset POAF after CABG. The primary effectiveness endpoint is the composite of death, ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), myocardial infarction (MI), systemic arterial thromboembolism or venous thromboembolism (VTE) at 90 days after randomization. The primary safety endpoint is BARC (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium) grade 3 or 5 bleeding at 90 days after randomization. The overall intent is to evaluate the trade-off in prevention of thromboembolic events versus an increase in bleeding.

Patients will be randomly assigned to the following treatment strategies:

  • OAC-based strategy (experimental arm): OAC with vitamin K antagonist (VKA) with international normalized ratio (INR) target 2-3 or any approved direct oral anticoagulant (apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban or dabigatran) in addition to background antiplatelet therapy with aspirin 75-325mg once-daily or a P2Y12-inhibitor (clopidogrel or ticagrelor)
  • Antiplatelet-only strategy (control arm): single antiplatelet therapy with aspirin 75-325mg once-daily or a P2Y12-inhibitor (clopidogrel or ticagrelor)

The protocol-specified duration of anticoagulation is 90 days. Patients, who are randomized to the control arm and develop recurrent AF after 30 days, may be crossed-over to an OAC. Accrual is expected to take 60 months. Study follow-up visits will be performed at 90 days and phone follow-up at days 30, 60, and 180 days.

Data for patients enrolled in the registry will be ascertained from the local clinical site via a review of medical records. The baseline risk profile of registry patients (i.e., patients eligible but unwilling to be randomized) will be analyzed and compared to that of patients randomized in the trial. The usage of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies in the registry population overall and baseline CHA2DS2-VASC ischemic stroke risk score will also be determined.

Up to 500 patients will also be offered the option to participate in a digital health substudy which includes a wearable heart rhythm monitor device for 30 days post discharge.

03

Conditions studied

  • Atrial Fibrillation
  • Stroke
  • Bleeding

Keywords

  • Anticoagulation
  • Antiplatelet Therapy
  • Post Operative Atrial Fibrillation
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Patients of age ≥18 years who undergo isolated CABG for coronary artery disease
  • POAF that persists for >60 minutes or is recurrent (more than one episode) within 7 days after the index CABG surgery

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Clinical history of either permanent, persistent or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
  • Any pre-existing clinical indication for long-term OAC
  • Any absolute to OAC
  • Planned use of post-operative dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT)

    a. This includes, but is not limited to, patients with recent PCI with drug-eluting or bare-metal stent.

  • Cardiogenic shock
  • Major perioperative complication* occurring between CABG and randomization

    a. including, but not limited to, stroke, , MI, major bleeding (BARC type 4 bleeding), severe sepsis, renal failure requiring dialysis, or need for reoperation due to bleeding (e.g. pericardial tamponade).

  • Concomitant left atrial appendage closure during CABG
  • Concomitant valve surgery during CABG or prior valve surgery (including aortic, mitral, tricuspid or pulmonary)
  • Concomitant mitral valve annuloplasty during CABG
  • Concomitant carotid artery endarterectomy during CABG
  • Concomitant aortic root replacement during CABG
  • Concomitant surgery for AF during CABG
  • Liver cirrhosis or Class C chronic liver disease
  • Pharmacologic therapy with an drug or device within 30-days prior to randomization or plan to enroll patient in an investigational drug or device trial during participation in this trial
  • Pregnancy at the time of randomization
  • Unable or unwilling to provide inform consent
  • Unable or unwilling to comply with the study treatment and follow-up
  • Existence of underlying disease that limits to less than one year
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(5)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

TIA (transient ischaemic attack)

A “mini-stroke”: temporary stroke-like symptoms caused by reduced blood flow to part of the brain, spinal cord or eye, without signs of a new stroke on a scan.

Stroke symptoms need emergency care at once, even if they go away.

Child-Pugh class

A score of how well the liver works in people with liver disease such as cirrhosis: class A is mild, B moderate and C severe.

Investigational drug or device

A drug or device being studied in a clinical trial.

It may be new, or already approved and being studied for another use, dose or form. Criteria often leave out people who took part in another study of one within a recent period, commonly 30 days or five half-lives.

Life expectancy

The study doctor’s estimate of how long someone is likely to live. Criteria use it so that people can stay in the study long enough for it to answer its question.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
3,200 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Antiplatelet Therapy

    Antiplatelet-only strategy

    Drug: Antiplatelet-only strategy

  • Active comparator
    Oral Anticoagulant

    OAC-based strategy

    Drug: Oral Anticoagulant plus background antiplatelet therapy

Interventions

  • DrugAntiplatelet-only strategy

    Aspirin 75-325 mg once-daily or a P2Y12-inhibitor (clopidogrel or ticagrelor)

  • DrugOral Anticoagulant plus background antiplatelet therapy

    OAC with vitamin K antagonist (VKA) with international normalized ratio (INR) target 2-3 or any approved direct oral anticoagulant OR apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban or dabigatran) in addition to background antiplatelet therapy with aspirin 75-325mg once-daily or a P2Y12-inhibitor (clopidogrel or ticagrelor)

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Composite of death, ischemic stroke, TIA, MI, systemic arterial thromboembolism or venous thromboembolism (DVT and/or PE)

    Composite score of death, ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), myocardial infarction (MI), systemic arterial thromboembolism or venous thromboembolism (deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism). Composite score calculated by number of events.

    Time frame: up to 180 days after randomization

  2. Any BARC type 3 or 5

    The Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) - any type 3 or 5 bleeding thrombosis and/or pulmonary. Type 3: a. Overt bleeding plus hemoglobin drop of 3 to \< 5 g/dL (provided hemoglobin drop is related to bleed); transfusion with overt bleeding b. Overt bleeding plus hemoglobin drop \< 5 g/dL (provided hemoglobin drop is related to bleed); cardiac tamponade; bleeding requiring surgical intervention for control; bleeding requiring IV vasoactive agents c. Intracranial hemorrhage confirmed by autopsy, imaging, or lumbar puncture; intraocular bleed compromising vision. type 5: a. Probable fatal bleeding b. Definite fatal bleeding (overt or autopsy or imaging confirmation)

    Time frame: 90 days after randomization

Secondary outcomes

  1. Net clinical benefit (NCB)

    Defined as the integration of the trial's primary effectiveness and safety endpoint to capture overall risk and benefit of anticoagulation. NCB will be assessed as a two-dimensional outcome with the observed NCB plotted versus effectiveness and safety, and a curve drawn. the confidence intervals will be compared to this curve.

    Time frame: 90 days after randomization

  2. Number of participants with Ischemic Stroke event

    Time frame: 180 days after randomization

  3. Number of participants with TIA event

    Time frame: 180 days after randomization

  4. Number of participants with MI event

    Time frame: 180 days after randomization

  5. Number of participants with systematic arterial thromboembolism event

    Time frame: 180 days after randomization

  6. Number of participants with venous thromboembolism event

    Time frame: 180 days after randomization

  7. Number of cardiovascular mortalities

    Time frame: up to 180 days after randomization

  8. Number of non-cardiovascular mortalities

    Time frame: up to 180 days after randomization

  9. The incidence of BARC 2 bleeding at 90 after randomization

    BARC Type 2: Any clinically overt sign of hemorrhage that "is actionable" and requires diagnostic studies, hospitalization, or treatment by a health care professional

    Time frame: 90 days after randomization

  10. The incidence of BARC 2 bleeding at 180 days after randomization

    BARC Type 2: Any clinically overt sign of hemorrhage that "is actionable" and requires diagnostic studies, hospitalization, or treatment by a health care professional

    Time frame: 180 days after randomization

  11. Number of cardiac arrhythmias

    Number of cardiac arrhythmias including recurrent symptomatic or asymptomatic AF requiring medical attention

    Time frame: 180 days after randomization

07

Study locations

63 of 106 sites recruiting

Showing the first 100 of 106 sites across 5 countries. Choose a country and city above to see the rest.

08

References and documents

Publications

  • Budd AN, Kertai MD, Wyler von Ballmoos MC, Raphael J, Ghadimi K, Levy JH, Shore-Lesserson LJ, Mazzeffi MA, Sniecinski RM, Tanaka KA, Bolliger D, Abdalla M, Ural KG, Upchurch PA, Rozental O, Hunter CB, Seibert AR, Klick JC, Carroll D, Lobner K, Hensley NB. Management of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Joint Consensus Statement by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Anesth Analg. 2026 Apr 1;142(4):668-681. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000007868. Epub 2026 Jan 29. PubMed 41609362 ↗
  • Boriani G, Imberti JF, McIntyre WF, Mei DA, Healey JS, Schnabel RB, Svennberg E, Camm AJ, Freedman B. Detection and management of postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting or non-cardiac surgery: a survey by the AF-SCREEN International Collaboration. Intern Emerg Med. 2025 Apr;20(3):739-749. doi: 10.1007/s11739-025-03861-2. Epub 2025 Feb 8. PubMed 39921772 ↗
  • Taha A, Nielsen SJ, Bergfeldt L, Ahlsson A, Friberg L, Bjorck S, Franzen S, Jeppsson A. New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Long-Term Outcome: A Population-Based Nationwide Study From the SWEDEHEART Registry. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021 Jan 5;10(1):e017966. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.017966. Epub 2020 Nov 30. PubMed 33251914 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in this article, after deidentification (text, tables, figures, and appendices).

Supporting information: Study protocol, Statistical analysis plan, Informed consent form, Analytic code

Time frame: OtherDe-identified study data sets must be submitted to the designated NHLBI Program Official no later than 3 years after the end of the clinical activity (final patient follow-up, etc.) or 2 years after the main paper of the trial has been published, whichever comes first. Data are prepared by the study coordinating center and sent to the designated PO for review prior to release.

Access criteria: Anyone who wishes to access the data.Any purpose.Data are available indefinitely at (Link to be included).

Data sharing details ↗ · biolincc.nhlbi.nih.gov

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Dec 2019 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Aug 2026, 80 months after the start.

Of 62 non-industry phase 3 interventional studies under Atrial Fibrillation, half reached primary completion within 56 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 32 and three quarters within 73. This study's planned 80 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 83 studies reached it within 42 months; a quarter within 32 and three quarters within 63.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Aug 2, 2019
First posted
Aug 5, 2019
StartActual
Dec 13, 2019
Primary completionEst.
Aug 31, 2026
CompletionEst.
Aug 31, 2026
Last update
Jun 26, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 26, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04045665
Responsible party
Annetine Gelijns (Chair, Department of Population Health Science & Policy Edmond A. Guggenheim Professor of Health Policy Co-Director, InCHOIR, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai) — Principal investigator
First posted
Aug 5, 2019
Start date
Dec 13, 2019
Primary completion
Aug 31, 2026 (estimated)
Completion
Aug 31, 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Jun 26, 2026

Study contacts

Jonathan Hupf
Contact
Jonathan.Hupf@mountsinai.org
(212) 659-6862
Annetine C Gelijns, PhD
principal investigator · Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Marc Gillinov, MD
study director · The Cleveland Clinic
John Alexander, MD
study director · Duke University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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