ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03994861Updated Sep 26, 2023

Dutch Version Fear-Avoidance Component Scale (FACS)

An interventional study of Assessment of disability and behavior (by questionnaires) in Musculoskeletal Pain, Musculoskeletal Pain Disorder and Fear of Pain, sponsored by Hasselt University. Completed at 1 site in Belgium. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 80 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-09-26.

Sponsored by Hasselt University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Diagnostic

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
100
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
18 Years to 80 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Chronic musculoskeletal disorders such as low back and neck pain are responsible for an enormous global burden. Fear-avoidance (FA) can be a predictor for the transition from subacute to chronic low back pain. In patients with neck pain, those who were less fearful about harming their neck, had higher pain tolerance, which might have a positive impact on their level of disability. A new scale, the Fear-Avoidance Component Scale (FACS) was developed by Neblett, Mayer, Hartzell, Williams and Gatchel (2015) to assess FA. It consists of an all-encompassing set of constructs that more effectively deals with all critical issues of the FA concept than current scales do. Current scales have been criticized because of following findings: limited construct validity, little evidence on treatment responsiveness, a lack of evidence-based cut-off scores and items being too narrow or too general. The new scale comprehensively assesses all cognitive, emotional and behavioral components related to the updated version of the FA model by combining items of well-known scales in context of the FA model with items on one's perception of victimization and blame related to an injury. A Dutch version of the FACS is currently lacking. Subsequently, the aim of this study is to investigate different psychometric properties of the generated Dutch version in patients with musculoskeletal disorders.

02

Conditions studied

  • Musculoskeletal Pain
  • Musculoskeletal Pain Disorder
  • Fear of Pain
  • Fear of Injury
  • Low Back Pain, Recurrent
  • Neck Pain
  • Shoulder Pain
  • Knee Pain Chronic
  • Hip Pain Chronic
  • PROMs
03

In context

Musculoskeletal Pain

511 studies on the registry are indexed under Musculoskeletal Pain; 113 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 100 is above the median of 66 across 358 interventional studies indexed under Musculoskeletal Pain.

Browse Musculoskeletal Pain studies →

Lead sponsor

Hasselt University is the lead sponsor of 203 studies on the registry; 31 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 80 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria for all patients

  • between 18-80 years old
  • current pain complaint is not surgically treated
  • not being currently treated by a physiotherapist for pain complaint
  • Dutch language is mother tongue
  • At least 6 weeks of pain Exclusion criteria for all patients
  • Pain from a non-musculoskeletal origin (e.g., tumour)
  • neurological disease
  • impaired cognition Inclusion criteria for healthy controls
  • Not being disabled due to MSK pain based on cut-off per disability questionnaire
  • Between 18-80 years old
  • Dutch language is mother tongue
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Diagnostic
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment
100 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Patients with musculoskeletal disorders

    Patients with either shoulder pain, knee pain, hip pain, low back pain, pelvic pain or neck pain as their primary pain complaint, lasting for 6 weeks or longer

    Diagnostic Test: Assessment of disability and behavior (by questionnaires)

  • Sham comparator
    Healthy controls

    Age- and gender-matched healthy controls (without musculoskeletal pain)

    Diagnostic Test: Assessment of disability and behavior (by questionnaires)

Interventions

  • Diagnostic testAssessment of disability and behavior (by questionnaires)

    Assessment of disability and behavior (by questionnaires)

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. The fear-avoidance component scale (FACS)

    Questionnaire evaluating fear-avoidance related to pain (for all participants) 20 items range from 0-100

    Time frame: day 0

  2. The fear-avoidance component scale (FACS)

    Questionnaire evaluating fear-avoidance related to pain (for all participants) 20 items range from 0-100

    Time frame: day 7

  3. Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire (DASH) for shoulder pain patients

    Questionnaire evaluating disability (only used in patients with shoulder pain) 30 items Range total score 0-100 5 point-scale

    Time frame: day 0

  4. Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire (DASH) for shoulder pain patients

    Questionnaire evaluating disability (only used in patients with shoulder pain) 30 items Range total score 0-100 5 point-scale

    Time frame: day 7

  5. Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) for hip pain patients

    Questionnaire evaluating disability (only used in patients with hip pain) Subscores per domain 40 items 5 point scale 5 domains: symptoms (5 items), pain (10 items), activities of daily living (17 items), sport and leisure time (4 items), quality of life (4 items)

    Time frame: day 0

  6. Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) for hip pain patients

    Questionnaire evaluating disability (only used in patients with hip pain) Subscores per domain 40 items 5 point scale 5 domains: symptoms (5 items), pain (10 items), activities of daily living (17 items), sport and leisure time (4 items), quality of life (4 items)

    Time frame: day 7

  7. Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) for knee pain patients

    Questionnaire evaluating disability (only used in patients with knee pain) Subscores per domain 42 items 5 domains: pain (9 items), symptoms (7 items), activities of daily life (17 items), sports and leisure (5 items), quality of life (4 items) 5 point Likert scale

    Time frame: day 0

  8. Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) for knee pain patients

    Questionnaire evaluating disability (only used in patients with knee pain) Subscores per domain 42 items 5 domains: pain (9 items), symptoms (7 items), activities of daily life (17 items), sports and leisure (5 items), quality of life (4 items) 5 point Likert scale

    Time frame: day 7

  9. Oswestry Disability Index for patients with low back pain

    Questionnaire evaluating disability (only used in patients with low back pain) 10 items Total score range from 0-100

    Time frame: day 0

  10. Oswestry Disability Index for patients with low back pain

    Questionnaire evaluating disability (only used in patients with low back pain) 10 items Total score range from 0-100

    Time frame: day 7

  11. Neck Disability Index for neck pain patients

    Questionnaire evaluating disability (only used in patients with neck pain) 10 items Total score range from 0-100

    Time frame: day 0

  12. Neck Disability Index for neck pain patients

    Questionnaire evaluating disability (only used in patients with neck pain) 10 items Total score range from 0-100

    Time frame: day 7

  13. Fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire

    3 subscales: physical activity (4 items; 0-30), work (7 items; 0-66) and rest (5 items)

    Time frame: day 0

  14. Fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire

    3 subscales: physical activity (4 items; 0-30), work (7 items; 0-66) and rest (5 items)

    Time frame: day 7

  15. Tampa scale for kinesiophobia

    Questionnaire evaluating kinesiophobia related to pain (for all participants) 17 items total score from 17-68

    Time frame: day 0

  16. Tampa scale for kinesiophobia

    Questionnaire evaluating kinesiophobia related to pain (for all participants) 17 items total score from 17-68

    Time frame: day 7

  17. Pain catastrophizing scale

    Questionnaire evaluating catastrophizing (for all participants) 13 items 5 point Likert Scale Total score 0-52

    Time frame: day 0

  18. Pain catastrophizing scale

    Questionnaire evaluating catastrophizing (for all participants) 13 items 5 point Likert Scale Total score 0-52

    Time frame: day 7

  19. IEQ-Dutch scale for perceived injustice

    Questionnaire evaluating perceived injustice (for all participants) 12 items 5 point Likert-scale Total score range 0-48

    Time frame: day 0

  20. IEQ-Dutch scale for perceived injustice

    Questionnaire evaluating perceived injustice (for all participants) 12 items 5 point Likert-scale Total score range 0-48

    Time frame: day 7

  21. Hospital anxiety and depression scale

    Questionnaire evaluating anxiety and depression (for all participants) 2 subscales: anxiety (7 items) and depression (7 items) Total score 0-21 per subscale

    Time frame: day 0

  22. Hospital anxiety and depression scale

    Questionnaire evaluating anxiety and depression (for all participants) 2 subscales: anxiety (7 items) and depression (7 items) Total score 0-21 per subscale

    Time frame: day 7

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Lotte Janssens
    Hasselt, 3590, Belgium
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Aug 2019 to primary completion in Jun 2022, 34 months.

Of 213 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Musculoskeletal Pain, half reached primary completion within 13 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 34. This study's 34 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 226 studies reached it within 12 months; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 33.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jun 4, 2019
First posted
Jun 21, 2019
StartActual
Aug 1, 2019
Primary completionActual
Jun 1, 2022
CompletionActual
Jun 1, 2023
Last update
Sep 26, 2023
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 26, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03994861
Lead sponsor
Hasselt University
Collaborators
Jessa Hospital
Responsible party
Lotte Janssens (Prof. dr., Hasselt University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jun 21, 2019
Start date
Aug 1, 2019
Primary completion
Jun 1, 2022
Completion
Jun 1, 2023
Last update
Sep 26, 2023

Study contacts

Annick Timmermans, PhD, PT
principal investigator · Hasselt University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Sep 2023. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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