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CompletedNCT03862469PHASE ProjectUpdated Apr 24, 2025Results posted

Premenstrual Hormonal and Affective State Evaluation (PHASE) Project

An interventional study of Individualized laboratory test in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, sponsored by University of Illinois at Chicago. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to female participants aged 18 Years to 35 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-04-24.

Sponsored by University of Illinois at Chicago · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
129
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
18 Years to 35 Years
Sex
Female
01

Study summary

PHASE is designed to evaluate neuroactive hormone trajectories across the menstrual cycle and endocrine, autonomic, and subjective responses to psychosocial stress in women suffering from severe PMS (i.e., premenstrual dysphoric disorder).

Read the detailed description

Female volunteers will be recruited from the community for participation in this 3-menstrual cycle study. In the first two menstrual cycles, study participants will chart their symptoms and and ovulation. Study participants will continue to perform ovulation testing during their third menstrual cycle in which they will attend one individualized task session and provide 8 serum samples at different timepoints across the menstrual cycle. Primary analyses will contrast neuroactive hormone trajectories across the menstrual cycle and stress reactivity according to study groups (PMDD vs healthy).

02

Conditions studied

  • Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
03

In context

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

42 studies on the registry are indexed under Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder; 10 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 129 is above the median of 58 across 32 interventional studies indexed under Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.

Browse Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Illinois at Chicago is the lead sponsor of 515 studies on the registry; 133 are open to participants now.

Of its 31 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 18 (58%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 35 Years
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • Female
  • Aged 18-35 years, established by visual inspection of a government-issued ID
  • Average menstrual cycle 21-35 days

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Lifetime DSM-5 Axis 1 disorder (except anxiety and depression), as documented in the Mental Health Interview
  • Current DSM-5 Axis depressive or anxiety disorder, as documented in the Mental Health Interview
  • Positive urine drug screen test
  • Breath alcohol concentration >0.00%
  • Self-reported smoker or carbon monoxide concentration ≥ 6 ppm
  • Irregular menstrual cycle
  • Current pregnancy (urine test-verified) or lactation, or a plan to become pregnant
  • Moderate or high suicide risk
  • Shipley IQ (vocabulary standard score) > 80
  • Any prescription medications (including hormonal forms of birth control)
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
129 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Other
    All Participants

    Procedure: Individualized laboratory test

Interventions

  • ProcedureIndividualized laboratory test

    Laboratory test administered between 6 and 2 days prior to the subsequent menstrual cycle.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Hormone Analysis

    Cortisol

    Time frame: -20, +20, +30, +40, +50, +65, +90 minutes in the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (one day between -1 to -6 days of the subsequent menstrual cycle)

07

Results

Posted Apr 24, 2025

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneAll Participants
Started129
Pmdd17
Healthy control17
Completed34
Not completed95

Outcome measures

PrimaryHormone Analysis

Cortisol

Time frame:
-20, +20, +30, +40, +50, +65, +90 minutes in the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (one day between -1 to -6 days of the subsequent menstrual cycle)
Reported as:
Mean · ng/mL
Hormone Analysis
ng/mLPMDD PatientsHealthy Controls
-20 minute timepoint70.7 ± 26.457.8 ± 21.9
+20 minute timepoint114 ± 53.497.3 ± 39.9
+30 minute timepoint111 ± 43.6109 ± 43.6
+40 minute timepoint97 ± 48.9100 ± 32.4
+50 minute timepoint86.9 ± 39.493.3 ± 29.2
+65 minute timepoint73.5 ± 31.678.4 ± 24
+90 minute timepoint70.6 ± 36.669 ± 18.5

Adverse events

Collected over 12:00 to 15:30 on the day of the session in the late luteal phase of the 2nd menstrual cycle of the study (one day between -1 to -6 days of the subsequent menstrual cycle). Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Total0/32 (0%)0/32 (0%)0/32 (0%)

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)PMDDControlsTotal
Mean26.0 ± 4.826.36 ± 5.126.2 ± 5.0
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)PMDDControlsTotal
Female151429
Male000
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)PMDDControlsTotal
Hispanic or Latino448
Not Hispanic or Latino11920
Unknown or Not Reported011
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)PMDDControlsTotal
American Indian or Alaska Native101
Asian549
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander000
Black or African American224
White5712
More than one race112
Unknown or Not Reported101
Age of Menarche
Age of Menarche(years)PMDDControlsTotal
Mean11.4 ± 1.7112.0 ± 1.5411.8 ± 1.60
08

Study locations

1 site
  • University of Illinois Department of Pharmacy Practice
    Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Allen AP, Kennedy PJ, Dockray S, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Clarke G. The Trier Social Stress Test: Principles and practice. Neurobiol Stress. 2016 Nov 12;6:113-126. doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.11.001. eCollection 2017 Feb. PubMed 28229114 ↗
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Premenstrual Syndrome. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 15. Washington, DC: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2000.
  • Backstrom T, Sanders D, Leask R, Davidson D, Warner P, Bancroft J. Mood, sexuality, hormones, and the menstrual cycle. II. Hormone levels and their relationship to the premenstrual syndrome. Psychosom Med. 1983 Dec;45(6):503-7. doi: 10.1097/00006842-198312000-00004. PubMed 6686333 ↗
  • Carlin, J. B., Galati, J. C., & Royston, P. (2008). A new framework for managing and analyzing multiply imputed data in Stata. Stata Journal, 8(1), 49-67.
  • Critchlow DG, Bond AJ, Wingrove J. Mood disorder history and personality assessment in premenstrual dysphoric disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001 Sep;62(9):688-93. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v62n0905. PubMed 11681764 ↗
  • Cunningham J, Yonkers KA, O'Brien S, Eriksson E. Update on research and treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2009;17(2):120-37. doi: 10.1080/10673220902891836. PubMed 19373620 ↗
  • Deng D, Pang Y, Duan G, Liu H, Liao H, Liu P, Liu Y, Li S, Chen W, Wen D, Xuan C, Li M. Larger volume and different functional connectivity of the amygdala in women with premenstrual syndrome. Eur Radiol. 2018 May;28(5):1900-1908. doi: 10.1007/s00330-017-5206-0. Epub 2017 Dec 19. PubMed 29260367 ↗
  • Endicott J, Nee J, Harrison W. Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP): reliability and validity. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2006 Jan;9(1):41-9. doi: 10.1007/s00737-005-0103-y. Epub 2005 Sep 20. PubMed 16172836 ↗
  • Fischer S, Cleare AJ. Cortisol as a predictor of psychological therapy response in anxiety disorders-Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Anxiety Disord. 2017 Apr;47:60-68. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.02.007. Epub 2017 Feb 24. PubMed 28273494 ↗
  • Hamidovic A, Childs E, Conrad M, King A, de Wit H. Stress-induced changes in mood and cortisol release predict mood effects of amphetamine. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010 Jun 1;109(1-3):175-80. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.029. Epub 2010 Feb 21. PubMed 20176450 ↗
  • Howards PP, Schisterman EF, Wactawski-Wende J, Reschke JE, Frazer AA, Hovey KM. Timing clinic visits to phases of the menstrual cycle by using a fertility monitor: the BioCycle Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2009 Jan 1;169(1):105-12. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwn287. Epub 2008 Oct 30. PubMed 18974081 ↗
  • Kirschbaum C, Pirke KM, Hellhammer DH. The 'Trier Social Stress Test'--a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting. Neuropsychobiology. 1993;28(1-2):76-81. doi: 10.1159/000119004. PubMed 8255414 ↗
  • Kraemer HC, Mintz J, Noda A, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage JA. Caution regarding the use of pilot studies to guide power calculations for study proposals. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006 May;63(5):484-9. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.63.5.484. PubMed 16651505 ↗
  • Leon AC, Davis LL, Kraemer HC. The role and interpretation of pilot studies in clinical research. J Psychiatr Res. 2011 May;45(5):626-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.10.008. Epub 2010 Oct 28. PubMed 21035130 ↗
  • Lovick TA. Estrous cycle and stress: influence of progesterone on the female brain. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2012 Apr;45(4):314-20. doi: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500044. Epub 2012 Mar 29. PubMed 22450372 ↗
  • Moore CG, Carter RE, Nietert PJ, Stewart PW. Recommendations for planning pilot studies in clinical and translational research. Clin Transl Sci. 2011 Oct;4(5):332-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00347.x. PubMed 22029804 ↗
  • Qiao M, Zhang H, Liu H, Luo S, Wang T, Zhang J, Ji L. Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in a population-based sample in China. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012 May;162(1):83-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.01.017. Epub 2012 Feb 28. PubMed 22377229 ↗
  • Rubinow DR, Schmidt PJ. Gonadal steroid regulation of mood: the lessons of premenstrual syndrome. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2006 Jul;27(2):210-6. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2006.02.003. Epub 2006 May 2. PubMed 16650465 ↗
  • Schmidt PJ, Nieman LK, Danaceau MA, Adams LF, Rubinow DR. Differential behavioral effects of gonadal steroids in women with and in those without premenstrual syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1998 Jan 22;338(4):209-16. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199801223380401. PubMed 9435325 ↗
  • Sohda S, Suzuki K, Igari I. Relationship Between the Menstrual Cycle and Timing of Ovulation Revealed by New Protocols: Analysis of Data from a Self-Tracking Health App. J Med Internet Res. 2017 Nov 27;19(11):e391. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7468. PubMed 29180346 ↗
  • Solis-Ortiz S, Corsi-Cabrera M. Sustained attention is favored by progesterone during early luteal phase and visuo-spatial memory by estrogens during ovulatory phase in young women. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2008 Aug;33(7):989-98. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.04.003. Epub 2008 Jul 21. PubMed 18644678 ↗
  • Thabane L, Ma J, Chu R, Cheng J, Ismaila A, Rios LP, Robson R, Thabane M, Giangregorio L, Goldsmith CH. A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2010 Jan 6;10:1. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-10-1. PubMed 20053272 ↗
  • Toffol E, Heikinheimo O, Partonen T. Associations between psychological well-being, mental health, and hormone therapy in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: results of two population-based studies. Menopause. 2013 Jun;20(6):667-76. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e318278eec1. PubMed 23277355 ↗
  • Whooley MA, Grady D, Cauley JA. Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and depressive symptoms in older women. J Gen Intern Med. 2000 Aug;15(8):535-41. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2000.04029.x. PubMed 10940144 ↗
  • Yen JY, Wang PW, Su CH, Liu TL, Long CY, Ko CH. Estrogen levels, emotion regulation, and emotional symptoms of women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: The moderating effect of estrogen receptor 1alpha polymorphism. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2018 Mar 2;82:216-223. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.013. Epub 2017 Nov 14. PubMed 29146473 ↗

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · Mar 9, 2022

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

10

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Apr 24, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03862469
Lead sponsor
University of Illinois at Chicago
Responsible party
Ajna Hamidovic, PharmD, MS (Assistant Professor, University of Illinois at Chicago) — Principal investigator
First posted
Mar 5, 2019
Start date
Sep 26, 2019
Primary completion
Sep 1, 2023
Completion
Sep 1, 2023
Results posted
Apr 24, 2025
Last update
Apr 24, 2025

Study contacts

Ajna Hamidovic, PharmD, MS
principal investigator · University of Illinois at Chicago

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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