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WithdrawnNCT03854188Updated Apr 5, 2021

Acupuncture for Relieving Chronic Pelvic Pain

An interventional study of Acupuncture in Pelvic Pain, sponsored by William Xu, MD. Withdrawn. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 80 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-04-05.

Sponsored by William Xu, MD · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Why this study was withdrawn
Principle investigator is leaving institution.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
0
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
18 Years to 80 Years
Sex
All
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Study summary

Individuals with chronic pelvic pain will be identified, consented and enrolled in this study in which acupuncture will be offered in addition to current standards of care. The primary outcome will assess if there is a reduction of pain intensity from the baseline to 6 months as a result of treatment.

Read the detailed description

Chronic pelvic pain as defined by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists is "noncyclic pain of 6 or more months duration that localizes to the anatomic pelvis, anterior abdominal wall at or below the umbilicus, the lumbosacral back or the buttocks and is of sufficient severity to cause functional disability or lead to medical care". This has devastating consequences both monetarily as well as emotionally and can lead to opioid addiction, depression and even suicide.

Acupuncture has been used to treat pain in China for millenniums and was one of the more effective ways to treat pain before morphine was discovered. Acupuncture is feasible, economic and a safe way to treat chronic pain.

Patients with chronic pelvic pain will be identified and offered participation in the study. After the consent process is completed, patients will undergo a brief physical exam to rule out acute symptoms. The patient will be asked to complete a baseline pain inventory and genitourinary pain index survey before proceeding with acupuncture treatment. Qualified patients will be requested to accept acupuncture treatments twice weekly for 12 consecutive weeks. Each week the patient will be asked to report their current medications and changes in the dosage as well as their narcotic (opioid) doses and any changes in the dosages. Patients will be followed up monthly for up to 3 months after treatment completion by phone to record their pain inventory as well as their genitourinary pain index survey.

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Conditions studied

  • Pelvic Pain

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Keywords

  • acupuncture
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In context

Pelvic Pain

375 studies on the registry are indexed under Pelvic Pain; 83 are open to participants now.

Browse Pelvic Pain studies →

Lead sponsor

This is the only study on the registry with William Xu, MD as lead sponsor.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 80 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Chronic pelvic pain persisting for at least 6 months
  • English speaking
  • Able to provide informed consent

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Unable to provide informed consent
  • Pregnant
  • Prisoners
  • Morbid obesity (BMI >40, or > 36 associated with hypertension and diabetes)
  • Severe cardiac disease
  • Active chemotherapy or radiation therapy
  • Skin infections or lesions
  • Severe COPD
  • Neuropathy
  • Previous stroke
  • Paralysis
  • Needle phobia
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Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
0 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Acupuncture treatment

    Patients diagnosed with chronic pelvic pain will be offered acupuncture treatment as an adjuvant therapy to standard of care treatment.

    Procedure: Acupuncture

Interventions

  • ProcedureAcupuncture

    Use acupuncture therapy in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain.

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Measure pelvic specific pain

    Subjects will report baseline pain scores using the Genitourinary Pain Index (GUPI). The index is used to quantify the severity of pelvic pain experienced by the patient. It is a self-reporting condition specific questionnaire (gender specific) that is scored based on information provided by the patient. The scale is 0 to 5 with 0 indicating never experienced and 5 indicating being always present. The same index will be used at the end of treatment to determine the post-treatment scores and compared to baseline scores.

    Time frame: Three months

  2. Measure generalized body pain

    Subjects will report initial baseline pain scores using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). The BPI assesses the severity of pain experienced by the patient and calculates pain's impact on daily functioning. It is self-reported and uses a numerical scale where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicating pain as bad as the patient can image. The patient will report again using the BPI at the end of treatment and the values obtained will be compared to the baseline scores.

    Time frame: Three months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Measure pain score after treatment-1 month (GUPI)

    Subjects reported baseline pain scores using the Genitourinary Pain Index (GUPI). The index is used to quantify the severity of pelvic pain experienced by the patient. It is a self-reporting condition specific questionnaire (gender specific) that is scored based on information provided by the patient. The scale is 0 to 5 with 0 indicating never experienced and 5 indicating being always present. The same index will be used 1 month following the end of treatment and compared to baseline scores.

    Time frame: One month post treatment

  2. Measure pain score after treatment-1 month (BPI)

    Subjects reported baseline pain scores using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). The BPI assesses the severity of pain experienced by the patient and calculates pain's impact on daily functioning. It is self-reported and uses a numerical scale where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicating pain as bad as the patient can image. The BPI will be used 1 month following the end of treatment and compared to baseline scores.

    Time frame: One month post treatment

  3. Measure pain score after treatment-2 months (GUPI)

    Subjects reported baseline pain scores using the Genitourinary Pain Index (GUPI). The index is used to quantify the severity of pelvic pain experienced by the patient. It is a self-reporting condition specific questionnaire (gender specific) that is scored based on information provided by the patient. The scale is 0 to 5 with 0 indicating never experienced and 5 indicating being always present. The same index will be used 2 months following the end of treatment and compared to baseline scores.

    Time frame: Two months post treatment

  4. Measure pain score after treatment-2 months (BPI)

    Subjects reported baseline pain scores using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). The BPI assesses the severity of pain experienced by the patient and calculates pain's impact on daily functioning. It is self-reported and uses a numerical scale where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicating pain as bad as the patient can image. The BPI will be used 2 months following the end of treatment and compared to baseline scores.

    Time frame: Two months post treatment

  5. Measure pain score after treatment-3 months (GUPI)

    Subjects reported baseline pain scores using the Genitourinary Pain Index (GUPI). The index is used to quantify the severity of pelvic pain experienced by the patient. It is a self-reporting condition specific questionnaire (gender specific) that is scored based on information provided by the patient. The scale is 0 to 5 with 0 indicating never experienced and 5 indicating being always present. The same index will be used 3 months following the end of treatment and compared to baseline scores.

    Time frame: Three months post treatment

  6. Measure pain score after treatment-3 months (BPI)

    Subjects reported baseline pain scores using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). The BPI assesses the severity of pain experienced by the patient and calculates pain's impact on daily functioning. It is self-reported and uses a numerical scale where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicating pain as bad as the patient can image. The BPI will be used 2 months following the end of treatment and compared to baseline scores.

    Time frame: Three months post treatment

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Study locations

No study locations are listed for this record.

08

References and documents

Publications

  • ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins--Gynecology. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 51. Chronic pelvic pain. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Mar;103(3):589-605. No abstract available. PubMed 14990428 ↗
  • Mathias SD, Kuppermann M, Liberman RF, Lipschutz RC, Steege JF. Chronic pelvic pain: prevalence, health-related quality of life, and economic correlates. Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Mar;87(3):321-7. doi: 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00458-0. PubMed 8598948 ↗
  • Zhang R, Lao L, Ren K, Berman BM. Mechanisms of acupuncture-electroacupuncture on persistent pain. Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. PubMed 24322588 ↗
  • MacPherson H, Vertosick EA, Foster NE, Lewith G, Linde K, Sherman KJ, Witt CM, Vickers AJ; Acupuncture Trialists' Collaboration. The persistence of the effects of acupuncture after a course of treatment: a meta-analysis of patients with chronic pain. Pain. 2017 May;158(5):784-793. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000747. PubMed 27764035 ↗
  • Vickers AJ, Vertosick EA, Lewith G, MacPherson H, Foster NE, Sherman KJ, Irnich D, Witt CM, Linde K; Acupuncture Trialists' Collaboration. Acupuncture for Chronic Pain: Update of an Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. J Pain. 2018 May;19(5):455-474. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.11.005. Epub 2017 Dec 2. PubMed 29198932 ↗
  • Ernst, E., White A. Acupuncture - A Scientific Appraisal. ISBN#978-0-7506-4163-0

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — All of the individual participant data (IPD) collected during the trial, after deidentification will be shared with researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal, to achieve aims in the approved proposal. IPD will be available for sharing immediately after publication and ending 5 years following article publication.

Supporting information: Study protocol, Icf

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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Apr 5, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03854188
Lead sponsor
William Xu, MD
Responsible party
William Xu, MD (Associate Anesthesiologist, University of Iowa) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Feb 26, 2019
Start date
Jan 1, 2021 (estimated)
Primary completion
Dec 31, 2021 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 31, 2021 (estimated)
Last update
Apr 5, 2021

Study contacts

William Xu, MD
principal investigator · University of Iowa

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is withdrawn, as verified in Mar 2021. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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