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CompletedNCT03553043Updated Aug 19, 2021

Energy Labelling for Alcohol Drinks in New Zealand: Consumers Perceptions and Impacts on Purchase Behaviour

An interventional study of Intervention and Control in Consumption, Alcohol and Drinking, Alcohol, sponsored by University of Auckland, New Zealand. Completed at 1 site in New Zealand. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-08-19.

Sponsored by University of Auckland, New Zealand · Not applicable, Interventional, and Health services research

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
615
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

A two-stage qualitative and quantitative study to provide insight into consumers' awareness of energy in alcoholic beverages, and how energy labelling effects consumer behaviour.

Read the detailed description

Rationale: In 2016/2017, one in five (19.5%) New Zealand adults (≥15 years and older) had an alcohol drinking pattern that carriers a risk of harming the drinker or another, and one in three (32.9%) young adults aged 18 to 24 years are hazardous drinkers. To reduce alcohol-related harm and help New Zealanders make positive decisions about their alcohol use, strategies are needed that not only inform them about health risks but also alter the environment they find themselves in on a daily basis. Unlike most packaged food products, alcoholic beverages are not required to present a statement of the composition of the product, such as amount of alcohol, energy or the nutrient content. It has been suggested that in the absence of this information, consumers of alcohol have no idea how much energy, alcohol or kilojoules they are consuming. Research indicates that nutrition labelling of food and non-alcoholic beverage products does impact consumer perceptions and product evaluations. A recent poll by Stuff showed that 83% of 3,300 New Zealanders indicated that they want to know what they are consuming and supported placement of ingredients and nutritional information on alcohol products.

Objectives: To provide insight into consumers' awareness of energy in alcoholic beverages, and in their views on energy labelling of alcoholic beverages. The project also aims to explore the effects of different types of energy labelling on consumers alcohol purchase behaviour.

Design: Two-staged qualitative and quantitative study.

  • Qualitative stage: Focus groups.
  • Quantitative stage: Four-arm randomised controlled trial. This qualitative stage aims to test the effects of three different types of alcohol energy labels on alcoholic beverages on (online) purchase behaviour, compared to a control (no label) condition, using an 'online shopping cart'.

Recruitment: Panel.

Sample size: Qualitative stage: n=36 (six focus groups with six people per group); Quantitative stage: n=600 (n=150 participants per experimental condition).

02

Conditions studied

  • Consumption, Alcohol
  • Drinking, Alcohol

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Keywords

  • consumer behaviour
  • alcohol labelling
  • energy labelling
03

In context

Alcohol Drinking

925 studies on the registry are indexed under Alcohol Drinking; 172 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 615 is above the median of 108 across 802 interventional studies indexed under Alcohol Drinking.

Browse Alcohol Drinking studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Auckland, New Zealand is the lead sponsor of 57 studies on the registry; 13 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • are ≥18 years of age;
  • having purchased and consumed at least one alcoholic beverage in the past month;
  • be able to read English;
  • reside in New Zealand;
  • be a member of the online panel of "Research Now Survey Sampling International".

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Participants not meeting the eligibility criteria will be excluded.
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Health services research
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
615 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Energy Label 1

    Alcoholic beverage displayed with Energy label 1

    Behavioral: Intervention

  • Experimental
    Energy Label 2

    Alcoholic beverage displayed with Energy Label 2

    Behavioral: Intervention

  • Experimental
    Energy Label 3

    Alcoholic beverage displayed with Energy Label 3

    Behavioral: Intervention

  • Placebo comparator
    Unlabelled

    Alcohol beverage displayed unlabelled.

    Behavioral: Control

Interventions

  • BehavioralIntervention

    Energy label condition.

  • BehavioralControl

    No label

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Consumer online purchasing behaviour

    Consumer online purchasing behaviour assessed on an 11-point Juster scale (where 1 = no chance/almost no chance and 11 = certain/practically certain

    Time frame: Measured immediately after randomization

Secondary outcomes

  1. Purchase behaviour

    Number of alcoholic beverage(s) bought in the online shopping cart

    Time frame: Measured immediately after randomization

  2. Perceived and estimated energy content of displayed product

    Assessed using a seven-point scale ranging from "very low" to "very high" and the estimated energy content of the product

    Time frame: Measured at randomization

  3. Perceived confidence in estimating energy content of displayed product

    assessed using a seven-point scale ranging from "not confident at all" to "very confident"

    Time frame: Measured immediately after randomization

  4. Intention to consume displayed product

    Assessed using a seven-point scale ranging from "would decrease consumption level" to "would increase consumption level"

    Time frame: Measured immediately after randomization

  5. Attitudes towards displayed product

    On a seven-point rating scale participants will be asked whether they believe the displayed alcoholic product was expensive/cheap, unattractive/attractive, low quality/high quality, unhealthy/healthy, and taste bad/good.

    Time frame: Measured immediately after randomization

  6. Support for displayed label

    On a seven-point rating scale participants will be asked whether they would support the implementation of the displayed label

    Time frame: Measured at randomization

  7. Attitudes towards alcohol

    Assessed using the Scale for Measurement of Attitudes Towards Alcohol, a tool used to i) assess people's risk profile regarding the use of alcohol and ii) identify the factors that contribute to determining their attitudes

    Time frame: Measured immediately after randomization

07

Study locations

1 site
  • National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland
    Auckland, New Zealand
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Walker N, McCormack J, Jiang, Y, Lang B, Ni Murchu C. (2018). Energy labelling for alcoholic beverages in New Zealand: Clinical trial. Phase 2 report: Wellington: Health Promotion Agency.
  • Walker N, McCormack J, Jiang, Y, Lang B, Ni Murchu C. (2018). Energy labelling for alcoholic beverages in New Zealand: Consumer perceptions. Phase 1 report: Focus Groups. Wellington: Health Promotion Agency. ISBN:978-0-478-44956-3.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 19, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03553043
Lead sponsor
University of Auckland, New Zealand
Collaborators
Te Hiringa Hauora/Health Promotion Agency
Responsible party
Natalie Walker (Associate Professor, University of Auckland, New Zealand) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jun 12, 2018
Start date
May 14, 2018
Primary completion
Sep 23, 2018
Completion
Sep 23, 2018
Last update
Aug 19, 2021

Study contacts

Natalie Walker, PhD
principal investigator · University of Auckland, New Zealand

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Aug 2021. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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