A Phase 2 interventional study of Pembrolizumab in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer, sponsored by Kuwait Cancer Control Center. Recruiting at 1 site in Kuwait. Open to participants aged 16 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-01-23.
Sponsored by Kuwait Cancer Control Center · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment
Background: Locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) is a challenge as, in spite of initial good control with chemoradiation, the majority of patients fails systemically. In the last 2 years, immune check points inhibitors (mainly Programmed Death (PD)-1 inhibitors) were approved for metastatic/recurrent HNC. The favorable toxicity profile and durable responses was the main benefit of these drugs along the scope of cancers they were approved for.
Aim of the study and methods: This will be a phase II non-randomized trial to define safety and efficacy of combining the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab given concomitantly with the usual standard of care chemoradiation/bioradiation for locally advanced non-nasopharyngeal HNC. Primary end point will be assessment of toxicity and tolerability while the secondary end points will be response rates (RR) and progression free survival (PFS)
Among the Gulf Countries Collaboration Council (GCCC) states, HNC account for 11.5 per 100,000 population. The incidence of HNC in Kuwait is 3.8 per 100,000 population. This, as an example, accounts for about 12.7% of all cancer cases during the period from 1993 to 1999.
Rationale of Immunotherapy in Head and Neck Cancers Cancer immunotherapy principle is functional restoration of certain signaling pathways of the immune system. These pathways help to counteract different tumour evasion strategies. These may include reduced antigen processing and presentation, increased tumour-permissive cytokine profiles, creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment, cellular immune escape, and induction of non-functioning T-cells either by an increase of co-inhibitory receptors; e.g. cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) or PD-1 or decreased co-stimulatory receptors. , Immune checkpoints pathway is the most studied so far. It works by regulating the duration and extent of immune system activity through negative feedback signals. These include CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1/PD-L2.
Head and neck cancers use different immune evasion mechanisms. Immune dysfunction has been implicated in carcinogenesis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal cancer as well as cases linked to smoking.
PD-1 and PD-L1 interplay is extremely interesting. A French group from Sorbonne attempted to explain the better prognosis of HPV-positive tumours of the oropharynx. They examined PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in 64 cases, mostly of oropharyngeal origin. Infiltration of PD-1+ T-lymphocytes was a favourable prognostic factor in HPV-related disease. This also was confirmed by others, where expression of PD-L1 is common regardless of HPV status.
Safety Issues At the University of Pennsylvania, safety of ipilimumab with hypofractionated palliative radiotherapy (RT) was tested in a phase I study. There was no grade 4 or higher toxicities in the cohort of 21 patients. The most common grade 3 toxicity was anemia, that is unlikely to be related to the RT.
Anti-PD-1 agents have a better safety profile than anti-CTLA4 agents. The rate of grade 3 toxicity for pembrolizumab in NSCLC in KEYNOTE-001 was \<10%, including a 1.8% rate of grade 3 pneumonitis. And in modern stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) series, the rate of grade 3 radiation pneumonitis is \<5%.
Interaction between Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy Classical speaking, chemotherapy (CTH) is very immune suppressive and therefore not an ideal partner for combining with vaccines (and of course other types of immunotherapy), that require an active response. Analysis of the potential interaction of CTH and immunotherapy reveals that there are many mechanisms of synergy. This suggests that the optimal treatment of cancer may include combination of immunotherapy-CTH in an optimal sequential manner.
These mechanism may include the synergistic effect of CTH in reducing tumor load and shedding antigens, as well as the inhibitory effect on regulatory cells and myeloid suppressive cells. On the other way around, immunotherapy can markedly enhance the response to CTH by activating the immune response prior to antigen release, as well as expanding activated T cells that have seen the tumor antigen.
In 2016, Langer et al published their work in the KEYNOTE-021 of combining carboplatin/pemetrexed with pembrolizumab. The combination of the chemotherapy with immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC showed tolerability as well as effectiveness. This lead to the approval of this combination in May 2017 by FDA.
Ongoing Concomitant Immunotherapy and Radiotherapy Trials in HNC Four ongoing studies are explore inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1 in combination with definitive RT with or without cisplatin or cetuximab. These are trial: NCT02707588 assessing safety of pembrolizumab vs cetuximab in combination with radiation in non-platinum eligible patients. NCT03040999 (KEYNOTE-412) design added pembrolizumab to chemotherapy with post radiation consolidation as compared to platinum-radiation. NCT02999087 is comparing the combination of avelumab-cetuximab-radiation to cetuximab-radiation or cisplatin-radiation (REACH Trial). NCT02952586 (JAVELIN trail) is testing combination of avelumab with standard of care. RTOG 3504 examines the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in the definitive and adjuvant settings (NCT02764593). Finally, IRX-2 (citoplurikin), a primary human cell-derived biologic with multiple active cytokine components, is being tested in a randomized phase II trial of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy in patients with newly diagnosed curative resectable stages II, III, or IVA oral cavity cancer (NCT02609386).
Gaps in Design of ongoing Trials However, most of the studies testing the value of addition of immunotherapy to standard of care, are designed to continue immunotherapy for 4-12 months after finishing radical chemoradiation. This, in our opinion, will give mixed results and affect the conclusion of the survival benefit if found. Extrapolated from many adjuvant clinical trials, the disease control can be attributed to the length of the whole duration of treatment rather than the specific agent used. Moreover, there is no definite duration of this adjuvant immunotherapy in the ongoing trials i.e. they give a wide range of cycles and time. For example, the recruiting KEYNOTE-412 designed for 14 cycles of pembrolizumab while RTOG 3504 will try to give 7 adjuvant cycles (will be determined based on first 8 patients tolerance).
Another point in these trials design; although designed to be multicentric, most of recruiting centers are located in Europe and USA. This will limit the validity of the data and results when other countries (especially in Asia) try to adopt the treatment protocols. Based on many published data, the HNC in Eastern countries and among Asian showed different clinical and biological characteristics e.g. mostly HPV negative, related to tobacco chewing and poor nutritional status.
Lastly, the ongoing trial for nivolumab with RT in locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC) is assessing the safety and efficacy. However, pembrolizumab has already published its phase Ib data extended from the large cohort of many solid tumors. In contrary, avelumab has no published supporting data (so far) regarding this indication from phase II trials. They depend largely upon their safety profiles from the pooled previous studies and/or the other subsites of diseases. As mentioned earlier, there is ongoing NCT02707588 Trial is assessing pembrolizumab safety with radiation vs cetuximab-radiation in cisplatin non-eligible patients.In the current trial, we are trying to fill this gap by testing the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab with radical chemoradiation in all cases of LAHNC.
Post-Treatment Evaluations Post-treatment evaluations will start 4 weeks after completion of radiation therapy. The 4th week post-treatment evaluations will consist of a physical examination, hematology and biochemistry profiles, tumor assessments (by palpation) and an objective assessment of adverse events which may have occurred since completing treatment. Radiological assessment of response will be done 8-10 weeks post treatment. Responses will be reported according to irRECIST criteria.
Subsequent Follow-up evaluations will commence after the 8 week post-treatment, every four weeks (±1 week) for years one and every 8 weeks for year two, and then, every 4 months (± 2 weeks) for year three to five. The evaluations in the first year will consist of a physical examination, hematology and chemistry profiles, Quality of Life, imaging/diagnostic assessments, and tumor assessments. Evaluations in year 2-5 will consist of a physical examination, imaging/diagnostic, and tumor assessments.
Statistical methods and consideration.
2,710 studies on the registry are indexed under Head and Neck Neoplasms; 594 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 50 is close to the median of 46 across 2,032 interventional studies indexed under Head and Neck Neoplasms.
Browse Head and Neck Neoplasms studies →Kuwait Cancer Control Center is the lead sponsor of 3 studies on the registry; 2 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Laboratory values performed within 14 days prior to concurrent chemotherapy should be as follows:
i) (ANC) ≥ 2000/mm ii) count ≥ 100.000/mm iii) ≥ 10g/dl or 100g/L iv) Urea and serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 mg/dl. (for cisplatin) v) ≥ 50 ml/min. (for cisplatin) vi) serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase () and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) ≤ 2 × upper limit of laboratory normal vii) Serum calcium within normal limits.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
The diagnosis was confirmed by looking at a sample under a microscope: tissue from a biopsy or surgery (histology), or cells from a fluid or needle sample (cytology).
Your pathology report is the document that shows this.
A 0–100 scale of how well someone can carry out everyday activities. 100 is no complaints and no signs of illness; 70 is able to look after yourself but not to work or keep up normal activity; 50 is needing considerable help and frequent medical care.
Studies often ask for 60 or 70 and above. Your doctor gives the score.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
The number of neutrophils, white blood cells that help fight infection, in a given amount of blood. Too few raises the risk of infection.
It is a count, not a percentage of the white cells. Limits are written in units that mean the same: ≥ 1.5 × 10⁹/L is ≥ 1,500 per mm³ (µL). Each lab has its own reference range.
Blood cells that help blood clot. Too few raises the risk of bleeding and bruising. A usual adult range is about 150–400 × 10⁹/L (150,000–400,000 per µL); each lab has its own reference range.
The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).
How quickly the kidneys clear creatinine, a waste product, from the blood. A study may estimate it from a blood test with age, weight and sex (often by the Cockcroft–Gault formula), or measure it using blood and urine collected over a set time. Given in mL/min; higher is better.
Two enzymes measured in a routine blood test of the liver. Higher levels can mean the liver is under strain or damaged. SGPT and SGOT are older names for ALT and AST.
Criteria usually give a limit as a multiple of the upper limit of normal (ULN), often higher when cancer has spread to the liver.
PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 are proteins that act as brakes on the immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab or nivolumab, block them so the immune system can attack a cancer.
PD-L1 can also be measured in a tumour sample. Some scores count stained tumour cells only (TPS); others also count certain immune cells (CPS). The study names the score and the minimum it uses.
A biopsy takes a small piece of tissue to examine. “Archival tissue” is a sample already taken, for example at diagnosis, and kept by the hospital.
Whether a stored sample will do depends on when it was taken, how much there is and what the study needs. Ask whether the study accepts your stored sample or needs a new biopsy.
The standard rules for measuring tumours on CT or MRI scans, to tell whether a cancer is shrinking, stable or growing during treatment.
“Measurable disease per RECIST 1.1” usually means at least one tumour 10 mm or more at its longest on a CT scan, or a lymph node 15 mm or more across its short axis.
Able to become pregnant: from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery (removal of the womb, or of both ovaries or both fallopian tubes).
Criteria for people of childbearing potential usually ask for a negative pregnancy test and for contraception during the study and for a time after it.
Able to have children. For women this usually means from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery; for men, unless permanently sterile. Read who the line is about — participants, women, men, or their partners.
Criteria about it usually ask for contraception during the study and for a time after it.
Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.
Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.
Cancer that has spread from where it began to other parts of the body. “Metastatic” cancer is cancer that has spread this way.
Vaccines made with a weakened form of the germ, such as measles–mumps–rubella (MMR), chickenpox and yellow fever. They can be risky when the immune system is weakened. Flu injections are not live; the nasal flu spray is.
Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. These are separate tests: HBsAg positive usually means a current infection (a recent vaccination can briefly cause it too); total anti-HBc (HBcAb) positive means an infection now or in the past; HBV DNA measures how much virus is in the blood.
Some studies accept a past infection if HBV DNA is undetectable, sometimes with antiviral medicine during the study. Check what this study allows.
The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.
Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.
Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.
Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.
A weakened immune system. It can come from an illness, such as HIV or some blood cancers, or from medicines that turn the immune system down, for example after an organ transplant or for an autoimmune disease; steroids at higher doses count.
Read whether the line is about a condition or about medicines, and which medicines and doses it means.
A condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease.
Immunotherapy studies often leave out active autoimmune disease, and some name exceptions, such as thyroid disease on replacement hormone. Check the exceptions this study lists.
Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.
Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.
An allergy, or another reaction of the immune system, to a substance. “Hypersensitivity to the study drug” means a known allergic reaction to it — not every side effect a medicine can have.
Histologically or cytologically confirmed
The diagnosis was confirmed by looking at a sample under a microscope: tissue from a biopsy or surgery (histology), or cells from a fluid or needle sample (cytology).
Your pathology report is the document that shows this.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Karnofsky performance status (KPS)
A 0–100 scale of how well someone can carry out everyday activities. 100 is no complaints and no signs of illness; 70 is able to look after yourself but not to work or keep up normal activity; 50 is needing considerable help and frequent medical care.
Studies often ask for 60 or 70 and above. Your doctor gives the score.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)
The number of neutrophils, white blood cells that help fight infection, in a given amount of blood. Too few raises the risk of infection.
It is a count, not a percentage of the white cells. Limits are written in units that mean the same: ≥ 1.5 × 10⁹/L is ≥ 1,500 per mm³ (µL). Each lab has its own reference range.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Platelets
Blood cells that help blood clot. Too few raises the risk of bleeding and bruising. A usual adult range is about 150–400 × 10⁹/L (150,000–400,000 per µL); each lab has its own reference range.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Hemoglobin (Hb)
The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Creatinine clearance (CrCl)
How quickly the kidneys clear creatinine, a waste product, from the blood. A study may estimate it from a blood test with age, weight and sex (often by the Cockcroft–Gault formula), or measure it using blood and urine collected over a set time. Given in mL/min; higher is better.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
ALT and AST (liver enzymes)
Two enzymes measured in a routine blood test of the liver. Higher levels can mean the liver is under strain or damaged. SGPT and SGOT are older names for ALT and AST.
Criteria usually give a limit as a multiple of the upper limit of normal (ULN), often higher when cancer has spread to the liver.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
PD-1, PD-L1 and checkpoint inhibitors
PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 are proteins that act as brakes on the immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab or nivolumab, block them so the immune system can attack a cancer.
PD-L1 can also be measured in a tumour sample. Some scores count stained tumour cells only (TPS); others also count certain immune cells (CPS). The study names the score and the minimum it uses.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Biopsy and archival tissue
A biopsy takes a small piece of tissue to examine. “Archival tissue” is a sample already taken, for example at diagnosis, and kept by the hospital.
Whether a stored sample will do depends on when it was taken, how much there is and what the study needs. Ask whether the study accepts your stored sample or needs a new biopsy.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
RECIST
The standard rules for measuring tumours on CT or MRI scans, to tell whether a cancer is shrinking, stable or growing during treatment.
“Measurable disease per RECIST 1.1” usually means at least one tumour 10 mm or more at its longest on a CT scan, or a lymph node 15 mm or more across its short axis.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Childbearing potential
Able to become pregnant: from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery (removal of the womb, or of both ovaries or both fallopian tubes).
Criteria for people of childbearing potential usually ask for a negative pregnancy test and for contraception during the study and for a time after it.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Reproductive potential
Able to have children. For women this usually means from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery; for men, unless permanently sterile. Read who the line is about — participants, women, men, or their partners.
Criteria about it usually ask for contraception during the study and for a time after it.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Contraception
Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.
Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Metastases
Cancer that has spread from where it began to other parts of the body. “Metastatic” cancer is cancer that has spread this way.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Live vaccines
Vaccines made with a weakened form of the germ, such as measles–mumps–rubella (MMR), chickenpox and yellow fever. They can be risky when the immune system is weakened. Flu injections are not live; the nasal flu spray is.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Hepatitis B tests
Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. These are separate tests: HBsAg positive usually means a current infection (a recent vaccination can briefly cause it too); total anti-HBc (HBcAb) positive means an infection now or in the past; HBV DNA measures how much virus is in the blood.
Some studies accept a past infection if HBV DNA is undetectable, sometimes with antiviral medicine during the study. Check what this study allows.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.
Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Corticosteroids (steroids)
Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.
Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Immunosuppression
A weakened immune system. It can come from an illness, such as HIV or some blood cancers, or from medicines that turn the immune system down, for example after an organ transplant or for an autoimmune disease; steroids at higher doses count.
Read whether the line is about a condition or about medicines, and which medicines and doses it means.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Autoimmune disease
A condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease.
Immunotherapy studies often leave out active autoimmune disease, and some name exceptions, such as thyroid disease on replacement hormone. Check the exceptions this study lists.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Cancer (malignancy)
Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.
Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Hypersensitivity
An allergy, or another reaction of the immune system, to a substance. “Hypersensitivity to the study drug” means a known allergic reaction to it — not every side effect a medicine can have.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
All patients will receive radical chemoradiation in addition to the investigational concomitant check point inhibitor CHEMOTHERAPY: Cisplatin: 100 mg/m2 Q21d D1, D22, D43. OR Cetuximab Loading dose 400 mg/m², one week before radiation then maintenance dose 250 mg/m² weekly, D8, D15, D22, D29, D36, D43. PD-1 inhibitor: Pembrolizumab 200 mg administered as an intravenous infusion over 30 minutes every 3 weeks 21 days prior to radiation, then Day 1 of radiation and then every 21 days for total 6 doses Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) techniques will be used. A total dose of 66-70 Gy/ 30-35 Fr over 6-7 weeks will be delivered to the primary site and draining lymphatics using simultaneous Integrated Boost (SIB).
Drug: Pembrolizumab
Adding PD-1 inhibitor to the standard of care
Also known as: Keytruda
Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT)
A pembrolizumab attributable, dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) will be defined as follows: 1) Any ≥ grade 3 adverse event (CTCAE, v. 4) that is related to pembrolizumab that does not resolve to grade 1 or less within 28 days; 2) A delay in radiotherapy of \> 2 weeks due to toxicity related to pembrolizumab; 3) Inability to complete radiotherapy due to toxicity related to pembrolizumab; 4) Inability to receive an adequate dose (≥ 70%) of cisplatin or cetuximab due to toxicity definitely related to pembrolizumab.
Time frame: From the first dose of pembrolizumab to 28 days after the completion of radiation therapy
Response Rate
Response rates according to irRECIST criteria
Time frame: 3 years
Locoregional control rates
Number of local disease progression events
Time frame: 5 years
Progression free survival
Number of local or distant disease progression events
Time frame: 5 years
Overall survival
Number of cancer-related deaths
Time frame: 5 years initially (longer follow up will be done)
Patients' Quality of life (QoL)
QoL assessment by the patients
Time frame: 5 years initially
Plan to share: Undecided
Started Oct 2018 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Sep 2025, 83 months after the start.
Of 215 non-industry phase 2 interventional studies under Head and Neck Neoplasms, half reached primary completion within 57 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 37 and three quarters within 84. This study's planned 83 months is above that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 259 studies reached it within 51 months; a quarter within 30 and three quarters within 76.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
Eligibility is decided by the study team. Share this record with your doctor or contact the team directly.
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Studies of the drug tested here: Pembrolizumab
Kuwait Cancer Control Center