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CompletedNCT03498313CLEAR-2Updated Sep 14, 2022Results posted

Unique Effects of Perimenstrual Estradiol or Progesterone Supplementation on Perimenstrual Suicidality

A Phase 4 interventional study of Transdermal Estradiol + Placebo and Oral Micronized Progesterone + Placebo in Suicidal Ideation, sponsored by University of Illinois at Chicago. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to female participants aged 18 Years to 45 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2022-09-14.

Sponsored by University of Illinois at Chicago · Phase 4, Interventional, and Basic science

Phase
Phase 4
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
60
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 45 Years
Sex
Female
01

Study summary

This within-person, crossover, 3-condition, placebo-controlled study compares the impact of three perimenstrual conditions on severity of suicidal symptoms in females with past-month suicidality but minimal risk of imminent suicide attempt. The three conditions are (1) perimenstrual withdrawal from estradiol only (during progesterone stabilization), (2) perimenstrual withdrawal from progesterone only (during estradiol stabilization), and (3) perimenstrual withdrawal from both estradiol and progesterone during placebo.

Read the detailed description

Previous work from our group demonstrates that perimenstrual worsening of suicidal thoughts in females is caused by normal perimenstrual withdrawal from the ovarian steroids estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), since perimenstrual stabilization of E2+P4 prevented the perimenstrual worsening of suicidal ideation observed under placebo. In the present study, we follow up on that work with an additional mechanistic trial in which E2 and P4 will be stabilized in separate arms of the study.

60 (30 completers) female outpatients, with past-month suicidal ideation but minimal imminent risk for attempt, will complete self-reports and clinical interviews measuring presence and severity of suicidal ideation in each of three conditions (A, B, C: order randomized across three menstrual cycles): (A) perimenstrual E2/P4 withdrawal (under placebo), (B) perimenstrual P4 withdrawal (exogenous stabilization of E2 only), and (C) perimenstrual E2 withdrawal (exogenous stabilization of P4 only). A washout cycle will separate conditions. Analyses will compare the perimenstrual trajectories of symptoms and suicidality across the three conditions.

02

Conditions studied

  • Suicidal Ideation

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Keywords

  • steroid hormones
  • estradiol
  • estrogen
  • progesterone
  • depression
  • suicide
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 45 Years
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Ability to adhere to medication regimen
  • Speaks English
  • Assigned female at birth with intact ovaries
  • Premenopausal
  • Normal menstrual cycles between 25-35 days
  • Under current care of an outpatient mental health provider with visits occurring at least once every 3 months.
  • At least 1 year postpartum.
  • Willing to use a barrier method of birth control during the study.
  • Normal weight (BMI between 18.00-29.99)
  • Must report at least some recent suicidal ideation (in the past month) at the time of recruitment.
  • Must be categorized as having acceptably low imminent risk for suicidal crisis/attempt by a licensed clinical psychologist utilizing evidence-based clinical and research guidelines for imminent suicide risk management.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Must not be pregnant, breastfeeding, or trying to become pregnant.
  • Must not be taking any form of exogenous hormones or hormonal intrauterine device, and must have ended previous use of hormonal preparations at least one month prior to the study.
  • Must not have a personal history of any chronic medical condition that may interfere with the aims of the study or make the experimental protocol unsafe, including but not limited to metabolic or autoimmune disease, epilepsy, endometriosis, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, or pulmonary disease, and no personal or first degree family history of thromboembolic events.
  • Any current cigarette smoking is exclusionary.
  • Must not report a current diagnosis of major depressive episode with peripartum onset (current episode), and must not be currently receiving treatment for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (Note: Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder diagnosis must have been made based on prospective daily ratings).
  • Must not report any history of manic episode, any history of psychotic symptoms, or current substance use disorder.
  • Must not test positive for (unprescribed) opioid use, methamphetamine use, or cocaine use at the start of an experimental condition.
04

Study design

Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment
60 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Transdermal Estradiol + Placebo

    .1mg per 24 hours transdermal estradiol applied to the skin weekly, and sugar pill manufactured to mimic the progesterone pills taken twice daily by mouth, for 14 days.

    Drug: Transdermal Estradiol + Placebo

  • Experimental
    Oral Micronized Progesterone + Placebo

    100 mg oral micronized progesterone pill taken twice daily by mouth, and clear patch manufactured to mimic the E2 patch applied to the skin weekly, for 14 days.

    Drug: Oral Micronized Progesterone + Placebo

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebos

    Sugar pill designed to mimic the P4 pills taken twice daily by mouth, and clear patch manufactured to mimic the E2 patch applied to the skin weekly, for 14 days.

    Drug: Placebos

Interventions

  • DrugTransdermal Estradiol + Placebo

    .1mg/24hr transdermal estradiol for 14 days starting day 7 after positive urine luteinizing hormone test, plus twice daily placebo pills during the same time frame.

    Also known as: Climara, sugar pill

  • DrugOral Micronized Progesterone + Placebo

    100mg oral micronized progesterone twice daily for 14 days starting day 7 after positive urine luteinizing hormone test, plus weekly application of a placebo patch during the same time frame.

    Also known as: Prometrium, placebo patch

  • DrugPlacebos

    Twice daily placebo pills for 14 days starting day 7 after positive urine luteinizing hormone test, plus weekly application of a placebo patch during the same time frame.

    Also known as: sugar pill, placebo patch

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Cyclical Change in Suicidal Ideation (SI) Severity

    Each day, participants completed five items from the Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (ASIQ; items 1,2,9,17,19). Response options ranged from 1 (no suicidal ideation) to 6 (extreme severity of suicidal ideation). For each participant on each day, "mean daily SI" was calculated as the mean of these five items. Our outcome, Cyclical Change in SI Severity, is calculated for each person, in each condition, as the DIFFERENCE between mean daily SI during the low-risk early luteal phase days (days LH surge +1,2,3,4,5,6,7) and the high-risk perimenstrual phase days (days LH surge +11,12,13,14,15,16,17), with the subtraction carried out as Perimenstrual mean minus Early Luteal mean. Therefore, this single value represents the degree to which an individual showed perimenstrual worsening of SI within a condition.

    Time frame: Days 1 to 17 following positive LH test

06

Results

Posted Sep 14, 2022

Participant flow

Experimental Period 1
Participant flow — Experimental Period 1
MilestoneE-P-PBOE-PBO-PP-E-PBOP-PBO-EPBO-E-PPBO-P-E
Started989596
Completed879496
Not completed110100
Withdrew: Adverse event100100
Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject010000
Washout Period 1
Participant flow — Washout Period 1
MilestoneE-P-PBOE-PBO-PP-E-PBOP-PBO-EPBO-E-PPBO-P-E
Started879496
Completed749395
Not completed130101
Withdrew: Anovulation100000
Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject030101
Experimental Period 2
Participant flow — Experimental Period 2
MilestoneE-P-PBOE-PBO-PP-E-PBOP-PBO-EPBO-E-PPBO-P-E
Started749395
Completed749383
Not completed000012
Withdrew: Adverse event000012
Washout Period 2
Participant flow — Washout Period 2
MilestoneE-P-PBOE-PBO-PP-E-PBOP-PBO-EPBO-E-PPBO-P-E
Started749383
Completed329261
Not completed420122
Withdrew: Physician decision100101
Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject320020
Withdrew: Anovulation000001
Experimental Period 3
Participant flow — Experimental Period 3
MilestoneE-P-PBOE-PBO-PP-E-PBOP-PBO-EPBO-E-PPBO-P-E
Started329261
Completed329261
Not completed000000

Outcome measures

PrimaryCyclical Change in Suicidal Ideation (SI) Severity

Each day, participants completed five items from the Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (ASIQ; items 1,2,9,17,19). Response options ranged from 1 (no suicidal ideation) to 6 (extreme severity of suicidal ideation). For each participant on each day, "mean daily SI" was calculated as the mean of these five items. Our outcome, Cyclical Change in SI Severity, is calculated for each person, in each condition, as the DIFFERENCE between mean daily SI during the low-risk early luteal phase days (days LH surge +1,2,3,4,5,6,7) and the high-risk perimenstrual phase days (days LH surge +11,12,13,14,15,16,17), with the subtraction carried out as Perimenstrual mean minus Early Luteal mean. Therefore, this single value represents the degree to which an individual showed perimenstrual worsening of SI within a condition.

Time frame:
Days 1 to 17 following positive LH test
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Cyclical Change in Suicidal Ideation (SI) Severity
units on a scaleTransdermal Estradiol + PlaceboOral Micronized Progesterone + PlaceboPlacebos
Cyclical Change in Suicidal Ideation (SI) Severity-.22 ± .05-.05 ± .07.25 ± .11
Statistical analysis
  • Transdermal Estradiol + Placebo vs Placebos · Mixed Models Analysis · p = .002 · Slope: -.25 · 95% CI -.41 to -.08Placebo represents the reference treatment.
  • Oral Micronized Progesterone + Placebo vs Placebos · Mixed Models Analysis · p = .46 · Slope: -.06 · 95% CI -.22 to .10Placebo Represents the Reference Condition.

Adverse events

Collected over Three different two-week conditions, each with at least one month washout between (i.e., 6 weeks total).. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Transdermal Estradiol + Placebo0/38 (0%)0/38 (0%)15/38 (39.5%)
Oral Micronized Progesterone + Placebo0/35 (0%)2/35 (5.7%)10/35 (28.6%)
Placebos0/35 (0%)0/35 (0%)15/35 (42.9%)
Most frequent serious events
Most frequent serious events
EventTransdermal Estradiol + PlaceboOral Micronized Progesterone + PlaceboPlacebos
Hospitalization for Respiratory InfectionRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders0/381/350/35
Hospitalization for Worsening Suicidal IdeationPsychiatric disorders0/381/350/35
Most frequent other events
Most frequent other events
EventTransdermal Estradiol + PlaceboOral Micronized Progesterone + PlaceboPlacebos
HeadacheGeneral disorders4/385/356/35
Breast DiscomfortReproductive system and breast disorders4/381/354/35
NauseaGeneral disorders2/382/353/35
Skin IrritationSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders3/380/350/35
Muscle PainMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders0/380/352/35
Self-Report of Adverse Mood ChangesPsychiatric disorders0/382/350/35
DizzinessGeneral disorders1/380/350/35
Vision ChangesEye disorders1/380/350/35

Baseline characteristics

Age, Categorical
Age, Categorical(Participants)E-P-PBOE-PBO-PP-E-PBOP-PBO-EPBO-E-PPBO-P-ETotal
<=18 years0000000
Between 18 and 65 years98959646
>=65 years0000000
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)E-P-PBOE-PBO-PP-E-PBOP-PBO-EPBO-E-PPBO-P-ETotal
Female98959646
Male0000000
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)E-P-PBOE-PBO-PP-E-PBOP-PBO-EPBO-E-PPBO-P-ETotal
American Indian or Alaska Native0001001
Asian2210128
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander1000001
Black or African American0040228
White66446127
More than one race0000011
Unknown or Not Reported0000000
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)E-P-PBOE-PBO-PP-E-PBOP-PBO-EPBO-E-PPBO-P-ETotal
United States98959646
07

Study locations

1 site
  • University of Illinois Neuropsychiatric Institute
    Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
08

References and documents

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · Feb 7, 2020

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03498313
Lead sponsor
University of Illinois at Chicago
Collaborators
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Responsible party
Tory Anne Eisenlohr-Moul (Assistant Professor, University of Illinois at Chicago) — Principal investigator
First posted
Apr 13, 2018
Start date
Jul 27, 2018
Primary completion
May 9, 2021
Completion
May 9, 2021
Results posted
Sep 14, 2022
Last update
Sep 14, 2022

Study contacts

Tory A Eisenlohr-Moul, PhD
principal investigator · University of Illinois at Chicago

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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