ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03497546EFIBARUpdated Sep 7, 2023

Exercise Following Bariatric Surgery for Severe/Morbid Obesity (EFIBAR)

An interventional study of Exercise in Obesity, Morbid and Bariatric Surgery Candidate, sponsored by Universidad de Almeria. Completed at 1 site in Spain. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 60 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-09-07.

Sponsored by Universidad de Almeria · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
80
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 60 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 37 studies in Obesity, Morbid with a site in Spain — 10 open to participants now, 13 under way, none of them phase 3. Obesity, Morbid · Spain.

Enrollment
10th of 24
80 · median 70
Started
2018
with 1 other
No phase
22 of 37
5 open now
Registered
17th of 37
by date

Among the 37 studies in Obesity, Morbid with a site in Spain, this one is the 10th largest by enrollment of the 24 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 2 that started in 2018, is one of 22 with no phase, and was the 17th registered.

Obesity, Morbid

941 studies on the registry are indexed under Obesity, Morbid; 163 are open to participants now.

Browse Obesity, Morbid studies →

Open to participants now

10 of the 37 studies in Obesity, Morbid with a site in Spain are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

5 more — sign in →

All 10 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in Spain have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in Spain →

Who these studies take

Of the 109 Obesity, Morbid studies recruiting now, 21 (19%) set no upper age limit and 83 (76%) stop at 75 or younger; 8 take children under 18; 9 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years to 60 Years · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

The full table on the hub →

This tab as a report to print or save as PDF → With an account.

Was this useful?
Watch this landscapeDownload CSVNarrow it in search →With an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 37 studies in Obesity, Morbid with a site in Spain, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

Severe/morbid obesity is an international public health issue that importantly increases the risk of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Likewise, severe/morbid obesity increases the risk of illness, reduces quality of life, and raises health-care costs. Bariatric surgery is the election method for the treatment of severe/morbid obesity, resulting in significant weight loss and remission of comorbidities. However, a relatively large proportion of bariatric patients regain weight and continue to be at high risk for cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. A healthy lifestyle following bariatric surgery is essential for optimizing and maintaining weight loss. Observational studies suggest that physical activity following bariatric surgery might be associated with additional weight loss and more effective weigh loss maintenance over time. However, very little experimental evidence exists regarding the effects of supervised exercise on obesity-related outcomes in this specific population.

The aim of the EFIBAR (Ejercicio FÍsico tras cirugía BARiátrica) randomized controlled trial is to determine the effects of a 16-week supervised concurrent (aerobic and strength) exercise intervention program, on weight loss (primary outcome), body composition, cardiometabolic risk, physical fitness and quality of life (secondary outcomes) in patients with severe/morbid obesity following bariatric surgery.

According to the study aims the investigators pursue the following hypothesis: Supervised exercise will result in larger weight loss than control.

03

Conditions studied

  • Obesity, Morbid
  • Bariatric Surgery Candidate

Keywords

  • Morbid obesity
  • Exercise
  • Weight loss
  • Cardiometabolic risk
  • Bariatric surgery
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 60 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • To comply with local bariatric surgery criteria:

    1. Patients with ≥ 40 kg/m2 (or 35 kg/m2 with comorbidities).
    2. Acceptable surgical risk (defined by the approval of anesthetist).
    3. Obesity maintained for over 5 years.
    4. Failure of previous treatments.
    5. To sign for surgical treatment.
  • Not to present for supervised physical exercise.
  • To reside in the city of Almeria (Spain) or willingness/predisposition to attend the training sessions 3 times a week during 16 weeks

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Severe psychiatric or neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, epilepsia, Alzheimer, Parkinson, personality disorders, eating behaviour disorders, untreated depression or suicidal tendencies.
  • Adrenal or thyroid pathology that might cause obesity.
  • Uncontrolled addiction to alcohol or drugs.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(3)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

BMI (body mass index)

Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.

What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
80 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Exercise

    Usual care PLUS concurrent (aerobic and strength) supervised exercise program of 16 weeks (3 sessions/week, 60 min/session, progressively increasing in volume and intensity). The program will be conducted by certified Exercise Science professionals.

    Other: Exercise

  • No intervention
    Control

    Usual care routinely delivered after bariatric surgery, based on national (Spanish) and international recommendations, focused on nutritional status monitoring and diet/physical activity counseling.

Interventions

  • OtherExercise

    Concurrent (aerobic and strength) supervised exercise program: the program comprises 3 sessions/week (60 min/session) of aerobic and strength exercises of progressive volume and intensity. The program will follow the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) guidelines.

    Also known as: Exercise training

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Percent total weight loss (%TWL) [Biospace Co., InBody 270, USA]

    %TWL = \[(pre-surgery weight - post-surgery weight) / (pre-surgery weight)\] x 100

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

Secondary outcomes

  1. Body composition: body fat

    Percent body fat (%) assessed by bioimpedance analysis (InBody 270, Biospace Co., USA)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  2. Body composition: fat-free mass

    Fat-free mass (kg) assessed by bioimpedance analysis (InBody 270, Biospace Co., USA)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  3. Body composition: fat-free mass index

    Fat-free mass index (kg/m2) assessed by bioimpedance analysis (InBody 270, Biospace Co., USA)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  4. Body composition: central body fat

    Waist and hip circumferences (measured in cm with an anthropometric tape), waist / height ratio

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  5. Lipid profile assessed from blood sample

    Total cholesterol (mg/dl), HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl), LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) and triglycerides (mg/dl)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  6. Blood markers of glucose metabolism: glucose

    Glucose (mg/dL)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  7. Blood markers of glucose metabolism: insulin

    Insulin (μUI/mL)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  8. Blood markers of glucose metabolism: HOMA-IR

    Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  9. Blood markers of glucose metabolism: glycated hemoglobin HbA1c

    Glycated hemoglobin HbA1c (%)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  10. Brachial and central blood pressures (mmHg)

    Systolic and diastolic blood pressures assessed by Mobil-O-Graph

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  11. Arterial stiffness

    Pulse wave velocity (PWV, m/s) by Mobil-O-Graph

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  12. Plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers

    High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  13. Plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers

    Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  14. Plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers

    Interleukin 6 (IL-6)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  15. Plasma concentrations of liver metabolism enzymes

    GGT (gamma-glutamyltransferase)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  16. Plasma concentrations of liver metabolism enzymes

    GPT (glutamate-pyruvate transaminase)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  17. Plasma concentrations of liver metabolism enzymes

    GOT (glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  18. Plasma levels of Vitamin D

    Concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (ng/mL)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  19. Heart rate variability (HRV)

    Assessed by heart rate monitor (Polar V800)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  20. Health-related physical fitness: cardiorespiratory fitness

    Cardiorespiratory fitness, assessed using a maximal treadmill test

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and and 1-year follow-up

  21. Health-related physical fitness: upper body muscular strength

    Upper body muscular strength, assessed using handgrip dynamometry (kg)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and and 1-year follow-up

  22. Health-related physical fitness: lower body muscular strength

    Lower body muscular strength, assessed using the 30-seconds chair-stand test (number of repetitions)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and and 1-year follow-up

  23. Health-related physical fitness: upper body flexibility

    Upper body flexibility, assessed using the back scratch test (cm)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and and 1-year follow-up

  24. Objectively-measured physical activity

    Assessed by accelerometry (ActiGraph, software ActiLife)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  25. Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL): SF-36

    Measured by the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  26. Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL): EQ-5D-3L

    Measured by European Quality of Life - 5 Dimensions-3Levels (EQ-5D-3L)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  27. Symptomatology and function of hip / knee osteoarthritis: Pain

    Measured by the WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities) Osteoarthritis Index. The PAIN scale within the WOMAC questionnaire contains 5 items, each one scoring from 0 (Nothing) to 4 (Very much), what makes a total score ranging from 0 (better) to 20 (worse).

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  28. Symptomatology and function of hip / knee osteoarthritis: Function

    Measured by the WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities) Osteoarthritis Index. The FUNCTION scale within the WOMAC questionnaire contains 17 items, each one scoring from 0 (No trouble) to 4 (Very much difficult), what makes a total score ranging from 0 (better) to 68 (worse).

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  29. Symptomatology and function of hip / knee osteoarthritis: Stiffness

    Measured by the WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities) Osteoarthritis Index. The STIFFNESS scale within the WOMAC questionnaire contains 2 items, each one scoring from 0 (Nothing) to 4 (Very much), what makes a total score ranging from 0 (better) to 8 (worse).

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  30. Depression, anxiety and stress

    Measured by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale short form (DASS-21). The DASS-21 comprises three sub-scales assessing specific psychiatric symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress). Each of these symptoms is assessed using seven items rated on a 4-point Likert-type scale (i.e., 0 = ''Did not apply to me at all''; 3 = ''Applied to me very much, or most of the time''). Summed score for each psychiatric symptom ranges from 0 to 21. Higher scores in each sub-scale indicate higher levels of depressive, anxiety or stress symptomatology. According to the specific nature of the three psychiatric symptoms assessed by the DASS-21, these are treated independently so that no total score is available.

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  31. Emotional, psychological and social well-being

    Measured by the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF)

    Time frame: Changes from baseline to 4-month and 1-year follow-up

  32. Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA)

    The costs will consider those related to the surgery, the exercise program, prescription medication, sick leave, post-surgery complications and readmission rates, time and effort requiring each treatment, as well as possible dietary and informal care costs. Effectiveness will be considered as changes observed in the main clinical outcomes: weight loss and cardiometabolic risk (remission/relapse of hypertension, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes).

    Time frame: From baseline to 1-year follow-up

  33. Cost-utility analysis (CUA)

    The costs will consider those related to the surgery, the exercise program, prescription medication, sick leave, post-surgery complications and readmission rates, time and effort requiring each treatment, as well as possible dietary and informal care costs. Utility will evaluate variation in quality of life experienced by participants, computed as changes in quality-adjusted life years (QALY) using SF-36 questionnaire.

    Time frame: From baseline to 1-year follow-up

  34. Cost-utility analysis (CUA)

    The costs will consider those related to the surgery, the exercise program, prescription medication, sick leave, post-surgery complications and readmission rates, time and effort requiring each treatment, as well as possible dietary and informal care costs. Utility will evaluate variation in quality of life experienced by participants, computed as changes in quality-adjusted life years (QALY) using EQ-5D-3L questionnaire.

    Time frame: From baseline to 1-year follow-up

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Complejo Hospitalario Torrecárdenas (CHT)
    Almería, 04009, Spain
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Villa-Gonzalez E, Barranco-Ruiz Y, Rodriguez-Perez MA, Carretero-Ruiz A, Garcia-Martinez JM, Hernandez-Martinez A, Torrente-Sanchez MJ, Ferrer-Marquez M, Soriano-Maldonado A, Artero EG; EFIBAR Study Group. Supervised exercise following bariatric surgery in morbid obese adults: CERT-based exercise study protocol of the EFIBAR randomised controlled trial. BMC Surg. 2019 Sep 5;19(1):127. doi: 10.1186/s12893-019-0566-9. PubMed 31488115 ↗
  • Artero EG, Ferrez-Marquez M, Torrente-Sanchez MJ, Martinez-Rosales E, Carretero-Ruiz A, Hernandez-Martinez A, Lopez-Sanchez L, Esteban-Simon A, Romero Del Rey A, Alcaraz-Ibanez M, Rodriguez-Perez MA, Villa-Gonzalez E, Barranco-Ruiz Y, Martinez-Forte S, Castillo C, Gomez Navarro C, Aceituno Cubero J, Reyes Parrilla R, Aparicio Gomez JA, Femia P, Fernandez-Alonso AM, Soriano-Maldonado A. Supervised Exercise Immediately After Bariatric Surgery: the Study Protocol of the EFIBAR Randomized Controlled Trial. Obes Surg. 2021 Oct;31(10):4227-4235. doi: 10.1007/s11695-021-05559-8. Epub 2021 Jul 15. PubMed 34268680 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — All IPD will be shared once the study is finalised and the main results are published. IPD can be obtained by contacting the responsible party (artero@ual.es).

Supporting information: Study protocol, Statistical analysis plan, Informed consent form, Clinical study report

Time frame: Two years (24 months) after the study completion.

Access criteria: The PI must be contacted and a minimum number of co-authors from the research team must be included in any publication.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from May 2018 to primary completion in Sep 2022, 52 months.

Of 274 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Obesity, Morbid, half reached primary completion within 25 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 11 and three quarters within 48. This study's 52 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 286 studies reached it within 25 months; a quarter within 11 and three quarters within 48.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Mar 7, 2018
First posted
Apr 13, 2018
StartActual
May 1, 2018
Primary completionActual
Sep 30, 2022
CompletionActual
Sep 30, 2022
Last update
Sep 7, 2023
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 7, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03497546
Lead sponsor
Universidad de Almeria
Collaborators
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain, Complejo Hospitalario Torrecárdenas (CHT), Almería, Spain
Responsible party
Enrique García Artero (Principal Investigator, Universidad de Almeria) — Principal investigator
First posted
Apr 13, 2018
Start date
May 1, 2018
Primary completion
Sep 30, 2022
Completion
Sep 30, 2022
Last update
Sep 7, 2023

Study contacts

Enrique G Artero, Ph.D.
principal investigator · Universidad de Almeria

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Sep 2023. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion