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CompletedNCT03486145Updated Apr 3, 2018

Effect of Nitrate-rich Fruit and Vegetable Supplement on Blood Pressure

An interventional study of fruit and vegetable juice supplement and Placebo in High Blood Pressure and Flow Mediated Dilation, sponsored by Arizona State University. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 40 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2018-04-03.

Sponsored by Arizona State University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
57
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 40 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

It is hypothesized that the daily supplementation of a nitrate-rich, two-ounce fruit and vegetable energy supplement (Isagenix International LLC) by healthy young adults with a would increase circulating nitrates and improve cardiovascular parameters compared to a nitrate-deficient placebo (prune juice).

Read the detailed description

Endothelial cells of the peripheral vasculature are key sources of vasoactive factors regulating healthy blood pressure. One of the primary vasodilatory factors released from these cells is nitric oxide (NO). Production of NO is stimulated both through enzymatic-dependent mechanisms via NO synthase, as well as from dietary intake of nitrate-containing foods or supplements that increase NO bioavailability. This study examined whether the daily consumption of a nitrate-rich, two-ounce fruit and vegetable energy supplement (Isagenix International LLC) would increase circulating nitrates and improve cardiovascular parameters compared to a nitrate-deficient placebo (prune juice). Healthy male adults aged 18-40y (n=45) were recruited to participate in this longitudinal double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Subjects maintained their typical diet and physical activity patterns during the study. Anthropometric and cardiovascular (blood pressure and flow-mediated dilation (FMD)) parameters, along with plasma nitrates and nitrites were measured at baseline and after one and two weeks of supplementation. Subjects also completed questionnaires on sleep quality and mood. It is hypothesized that the nitrate-rich FVS supplement will provide a good source of dietary nitrates and effectively reduced blood pressure in normotensive, healthy young males.

02

Conditions studied

  • High Blood Pressure
  • Flow Mediated Dilation

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Keywords

  • beetroot juice
  • nitrates and nitrites
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 40 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • healthy men aged 18-40y

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • hypo- or hypertension (blood pressure \< 100/65 or >140/90
  • cigarette use within past year
  • food allergies
  • specific medication use (nitroglycerin, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers),
  • unwillingness to drink juice concentrates and follow study restrictions.
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
57 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    FVS (fruit and vegetable juice supplement)

    The supplement contained ≈ 260-280 mg or 4 mmoles nitrate per two-ounce serving along with ≈ 51 mg total polyphenols. The FVS contains 7880 mg of a proprietary blend of beet root extract (Beta vulgaris), celery stem and leaf extract (Apium graveolens), red spinach leaf extract (Amaranthus dubius), stevia leaf extract (Stevia rebaudiana), and a fruit and vegetable extract blend (green tea leaf, red grape, white grape, bilberry, carrot, grapefruit, papaya, pineapple, strawberry, apple, apricot, cherry, orange, broccoli, green cabbage leaf, onion, garlic, black current, asparagus, tomato, olive and cucumber). Virtually all of the nitrates in FVS derive from the beet, celery, and red spinach extracts.

    Dietary Supplement: fruit and vegetable juice supplement

  • Placebo comparator
    PRU (prune juice)

    The placebo supplement was prune juice (Sunsweet brand 100% prune juice) (PRU). Prune juice was selected based on its very similar caloric and sugar content, its high antioxidant and phenolic profile, but low nitrate content. The prune juice contained \<0.6 mg nitrates and 133 mg total polyphenols per two-ounce serving.

    Dietary Supplement: Placebo

Interventions

  • Dietary supplementfruit and vegetable juice supplement

    FVS was provided by Isagenix International LLC in identically sealed bottles labeled labeled "B". Subjects were not told which supplement they received. Each bottle contained one serving (two ounces) of the supplement.

  • Dietary supplementPlacebo

    PRU was provided by Isagenix International LLC in identically sealed bottles labeled labeled "A". Subjects were not told which supplement they received. Each bottle contained one serving (two ounces) of the supplement.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Plasma nitrates and nitrites

    The primary objective of this study was to examine the short-term effects of a novel, two-ounce nitrate-rich fruit and vegetable supplement (FVS) (AMPED NOx, Isagenix International LLC) on plasma nitrates and nitrites in healthy young men.

    Time frame: Two week change in concentration (week 2 - baseline)

  2. Flow-mediated dilation

    The primary objective of this study was to examine the short-term effects of a novel, two-ounce nitrate-rich fruit and vegetable supplement (FVS) (AMPED NOx, Isagenix International LLC) on endothelial function in healthy young men.

    Time frame: Two week change in dilation (week 2 - baseline)

  3. Blood pressure

    The primary objective of this study was to examine the short-term effects of a novel, two-ounce nitrate-rich fruit and vegetable supplement (FVS) (AMPED NOx, Isagenix International LLC) on blood pressure in healthy young men.

    Time frame: Two week change in blood pressure (week 2 - baseline)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Effect of athletic status on endothelial function

    To explore whether athletic status modified the flow mediated dilation response to the supplement athletes

    Time frame: Two week change in flow mediated dilation (week 2 - baseline) by athletic status

  2. Effect of athletic status on blood pressure

    To explore whether athletic status modified the blood pressure response to supplementation

    Time frame: Two week change in blood pressure (week 2 - baseline) by athletic status

Other outcomes

  1. FMD and mood

    The association of FMD with mood

    Time frame: Two week change in FMD and mood

  2. FMD and sleep quality

    The association of FMD with sleep quality

    Time frame: Two week change in FMD and sleep quality

06

Study locations

1 site
  • Arizona State University
    Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
07

References and documents

Publications

  • Sweazea KL, Johnston CS, Miller B, Gumpricht E. Nitrate-Rich Fruit and Vegetable Supplement Reduces Blood Pressure in Normotensive Healthy Young Males without Significantly Altering Flow-Mediated Vasodilation: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Controlled Trial. J Nutr Metab. 2018 Sep 16;2018:1729653. doi: 10.1155/2018/1729653. eCollection 2018. PubMed 30305961 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03486145
Lead sponsor
Arizona State University
Collaborators
Karen L. Sweazea, Brendan Miller
Responsible party
Carol Johnston (Professor and Associate Director, Arizona State University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Apr 3, 2018
Start date
Nov 16, 2015
Primary completion
Mar 30, 2016
Completion
Mar 30, 2016
Last update
Apr 3, 2018

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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