ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03473054Updated Aug 26, 2019

Stroke Survivors and Caregivers Using an Online Mindfulness-based Intervention Together

An observational study in Stroke, Cerebrovascular Accident and Stress, sponsored by Glasgow Caledonian University. Completed at 1 site in United Kingdom. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2019-08-26.

Sponsored by Glasgow Caledonian University · Observational

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Study type
Observational
Model
Case-only
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
10
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-13

Among 11 studies in Stroke by Glasgow Caledonian University — 2 open to participants now, 2 under way, none of them phase 3. Stroke · Glasgow Caledonian University.

Started
2018
the only one that year
Observational
Only one
of the 11
Registered
4th of 11
by date

Among the 11 studies in Stroke by Glasgow Caledonian University, this one is the only one that started in 2018, is the only observational one, and was the 4th registered.

Stroke

8,258 studies on the registry are indexed under Stroke; 2,055 are open to participants now.

Browse Stroke studies →

Open to participants now

2 of the 11 studies in Stroke by Glasgow Caledonian University are open now, in 1 country. Recruiting first, the newest first:

By country, each count listing its studies:

All 2 open studies →

Where they have run

Who these studies take

Of the 1,415 Stroke studies recruiting now, 695 (49%) set no upper age limit and 280 (20%) stop at 75 or younger; 77 take children under 18; 195 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · healthy volunteers too.

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Watch this landscapeDownload CSVNarrow it in search →With an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 11 studies in Stroke by Glasgow Caledonian University, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

Stroke survivors and their family caregivers often experience stress, anxiety, and depression. The psychological wellbeing of stroke survivors and family caregivers is thought to be interconnected and can have an important role to play in rehabilitation outcomes. Mindfulness meditation can help improve psychological wellbeing, but it often involves people attending groups by themselves and engagement can be poor. One solution is for stroke survivors and family caregivers to learn mindfulness meditation together online.

This study aims to explore the feasibility, appropriateness, meaningfulness, and effectiveness of mindfulness meditation delivered online for stroke survivor and family caregiver partnerships.

Read the detailed description

Introduction Stroke survivors and their family caregivers often experience stress, anxiety, and depression. Research suggests the emotional wellbeing of the stroke survivor and family caregiver might be interconnected, which means optimum outcomes will only be achieved when they are supported as a partnership (Atteih, et al. 2015).

Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) can help psychological wellbeing, but usually involve people attending groups by themselves, which might not suit everyone. Sometimes accessing group-based MBI can be difficult and/or people might not want to learn MBI within a group environment (Wahbeh, et al. 2014). Web-based MBIs have become more readily available in recent years, but little attention has been given to partnership orientated web-based interventions. Research is needed to explore the potential effects of web-based MBI for stroke survivors and family caregiver partnerships (Bakas, et al. 2017). This study aims to explore the feasibility, appropriateness, meaningfulness, and effectiveness of web-based MBIs for stroke survivor and family caregiver partnerships.

Method Purposive sampling will be used to recruit community-dwelling stroke survivor-family caregiver partnerships (n=5 dyads). These partnerships will complete a four-week asynchronous tutor-led web-based MBI. The web-based MBI aligns with the eight-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (Kabat-Zinn and Hanh, 2009) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (Teasedale, et al. 2000) courses, but in a shorter format. The course involves ten online interactive videos (30 minutes each), twelve daily practice assignments (with supportive emails), five audio downloads, and online tools for reviewing progress.

The design will involve a mixed method multiple single-case (A-B) design: two-week baseline, four-week intervention, and four-week follow-up phases. Stroke survivors and family caregivers will complete the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) (Zigmond and Snaith, 1983) weekly to evaluate psychological wellbeing and clinical effectiveness. Paired semi-structured post-intervention interviews will be completed at follow-up and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis used to contextualize the results and explain the meaning associated with the findings.

Results Recruitment and completion data will be reported using descriptive statistics to help evaluate feasibility and appropriateness. HADS outcome data for stroke survivors and family caregivers will be presented in individual graphs and using raw data to facilitate future meta-analysis. Visual and statistical analysis of outcome data will be completed to evaluate clinical effectiveness, effect size, and whether any changes were statistically significant.

The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis will be reported using relevant themes and participants' quotes to provide a coherent analysis of the feasibility, appropriateness, meaningfulness, and effectiveness of stroke survivors and family caregivers using web-based MBI.

Discussion The findings will inform the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical effectiveness of web-based MBI for stroke survivors and family caregivers partnerships. The study will explore the usefulness and meaning of learning MBI online and in a partnership. These findings could help determine whether using web-based MBI in a partnership has any therapeutic value for participants and help tailor such intervention for stroke survivor and family caregiver partnerships.

03

Conditions studied

  • Stroke
  • Cerebrovascular Accident
  • Stress
  • Anxiety
  • Depression

Keywords

  • Stroke
  • Cerebrovascular Accident
  • Stress
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Mindfulness
  • Family caregivers
  • Web-based
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

The study will use purposeful sampling and recruit community-dwelling adult stroke survivors and their family caregivers within Scotland. Stroke-survivors and family caregivers will be recruited together and participate as a partnership.

Eligibility criteria

Stroke Survivor Inclusion:

  • Stroke survivor
  • 18yrs plus
  • Based in Scotland
  • Community-dwelling
  • Able to use internet
  • Access to internet
  • Computer literate
  • Able to communicate in written and spoken English
  • Self-identifies as stressed/anxious/depressed.

Stroke Survivor Exclusion:

  • Cognitive impairment
  • Severe mental health problem
  • Suicidal
  • Significant drug/alcohol problems
  • Currently using MBI
  • Attending for other Psychosocial Intervention
  • Difficulty eating

Family Caregiver Inclusion:

  • Family caregiver to the stroke survivor
  • 18yrs plus
  • Based in Scotland
  • Able to use the internet
  • Access to internet
  • Computer literate
  • Able to communicate in written and spoken English

Family Caregiver Exclusion:

  • Cognitive impairment
  • Severe mental health problems
  • Suicidal
  • Significant drug/alcohol problems
  • Currently using MBI
  • Attending for other Psychosocial Intervention
05

Study design

Observational model
Case-only
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
10 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • Web-based Mindfulness Course

    Participants will complete a 2 week baseline phase, followed by the four week web-based mindfulness course intervention phase, and a four week follow-up period.

    Other: Web-based Mindfulness Course

Interventions

  • OtherWeb-based Mindfulness Course

    The intervention is a therapist led, web-based MBI course, delivered asynchronously via a series of online videos. The Be Mindful course is a four-week mindfulness course based on the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy courses. The course has been positively evaluated and shown to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression for participants. Participants complete ten online interactive videos (30 minutes each), twelve daily practice assignments (with supportive emails), five audio downloads, and online tools for reviewing progress. The minimum time to complete the course is four weeks, but people can take longer if they wish and will still have access to the resources.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (Zigmond and Snaith, 1983): to assess change

    The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale is a self-report measure, which consists of 14 questions and usually take 2-5 minutes to complete. The HADS has good validity for measuring anxiety and depression in both clinical and none clinical settings and is a good option for assessing both anxiety and depression concurrently with stroke survivors. The HADS provides useful cut-off scores to help screen for clinical levels (e.g. 8-10 mild, 11-14 moderate, and 15-21 severe) of anxiety and depression.

    Time frame: Weeks 0, 4, 8

Secondary outcomes

  1. The Generalised Anxiety Disorder (Spitzer, et al. 2006): to assess change

    The 7-item self-report measure is a valid and efficient tool for screening generalized anxiety disorder in clinical and research settings. The tool produces a score (0-21), with scores of 5, 10, and 15 are taken as the cut-off points for mild, moderate and severe anxiety.

    Time frame: Week 0, 4

  2. The Patient Health Questionnaire (Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2001): to assess change

    The Patient Health Questionnaire is a self-administered 9-item brief diagnostic instrument for depression. The tool produces a total score (0-27), which is divided into the following categories of increasing severity: 0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, and 20 or greater.

    Time frame: Weeks 0, 4

  3. Perceived Stress Scale [PSS] (Cohen, Kamarck, and Mermelstein, 1994): to assess change

    The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is a widely used psychological tool for measuring the perception of stress. It measures of the extent situations are appraised as stressful. PSS scores are obtained by reversing responses (e.g., 0 = 4, 1 = 3, 2 = 2, 3 = 1 \& 4 = 0) to the four positively stated items (items 4, 5, 7, \& 8) and then summing across all scale items.

    Time frame: Week 0, 4

  4. Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale [MAAS] (Brown and Ryan, 2003): to assess change

    The MAAS is a 15-item scale to assess mindfulness. The scale has strong psychometric properties and has been validated. The measure takes 10 minutes or less to complete. Higher scores reflect higher levels of dispositional mindfulness.

    Time frame: Weeks 0, 4, 8

  5. Mutuality Scale (MS) (Archbold, et al. 1990): to assess change

    The MS is a 15-item tool that measures mutuality. It is scored using a 5-point Likert scale from 0 ( not at all ) to 4 ( a great deal ). The total scale score, a mean of all item scores, ranges from 0 to 4: higher scores means greater mutuality.

    Time frame: Weeks 0, 4, 8

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Glasgow Caledonian University
    Glasgow, Glasgow (City Of) G4 0BA, United Kingdom
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Atteih S, Mellon L, Hall P, Brewer L, Horgan F, Williams D, Hickey A; ASPIRE-S study group. Implications of stroke for caregiver outcomes: findings from the ASPIRE-S study. Int J Stroke. 2015 Aug;10(6):918-23. doi: 10.1111/ijs.12535. Epub 2015 Jun 9. PubMed 26061711 ↗
  • Bakas T, McCarthy M, Miller ET. Update on the State of the Evidence for Stroke Family Caregiver and Dyad Interventions. Stroke. 2017 May;48(5):e122-e125. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.016052. Epub 2017 Mar 28. No abstract available. PubMed 28351961 ↗
  • Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983 Dec;24(4):385-96. No abstract available. PubMed 6668417 ↗
  • Elliott R, Slatick E, Urman M. Qualitative change process research on psychotherapy: Alternative strategies. Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling. 2001 Jan 1;43(3):69.
  • Kabat-Zinn J, Hanh TN. Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. Delta; 2009 Jul 22.
  • Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x. PubMed 11556941 ↗
  • Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Lowe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 22;166(10):1092-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092. PubMed 16717171 ↗
  • Teasdale JD, Segal ZV, Williams JM, Ridgeway VA, Soulsby JM, Lau MA. Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000 Aug;68(4):615-23. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.68.4.615. PubMed 10965637 ↗
  • Wahbeh H, Svalina MN, Oken BS. Group, One-on-One, or Internet? Preferences for Mindfulness Meditation Delivery Format and their Predictors. Open Med J. 2014;1:66-74. doi: 10.2174/1874220301401010066. Epub 2014 Nov 28. PubMed 27057260 ↗
  • Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983 Jun;67(6):361-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x. PubMed 6880820 ↗
  • Archbold PG, Stewart BJ, Greenlick MR, Harvath T. Mutuality and preparedness as predictors of caregiver role strain. Res Nurs Health. 1990 Dec;13(6):375-84. doi: 10.1002/nur.4770130605. PubMed 2270302 ↗
  • Brown KW, Ryan RM. The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003 Apr;84(4):822-48. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822. PubMed 12703651 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — Anonymous Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) outcome data will be shared via peer-reviewed journal publication and professional conferences after the study has been completed.

Supporting information: Study protocol

Time frame: Within future published work within peer reviewed academic journals and/or professional conferences.

Access criteria: Data access requests will be reviewed by the chief investigator and/or director of studies. Data will only be released on an anonymous basis and with participant consent.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Nov 2018 to primary completion in Aug 2019, 8 months.

Of 835 non-industry observational studies under Stroke, half reached primary completion within 41 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 18 and three quarters within 92. This study's 8 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 897 studies reached it within 40 months; a quarter within 18 and three quarters within 85.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Mar 7, 2018
First posted
Mar 22, 2018
StartActual
Nov 19, 2018
Primary completionActual
Aug 1, 2019
CompletionActual
Aug 1, 2019
Last update
Aug 26, 2019
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 26, 2019, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03473054
Lead sponsor
Glasgow Caledonian University
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Mar 22, 2018
Start date
Nov 19, 2018
Primary completion
Aug 1, 2019
Completion
Aug 1, 2019
Last update
Aug 26, 2019

Study contacts

Maggie Lawrence, PhD
study director · Glasgow Caledonian University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Apr 2019. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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