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CompletedNCT03455673EXTRALUCIDUpdated Mar 19, 2026Results posted

Exclusion of Intra-atrial Thrombus Before Catheter Ablation

An observational study in Atrial Fibrillation and Thrombi, sponsored by Groupe Hospitalier de la Rochelle Ré Aunis. Completed at 15 sites in 2 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-03-19.

Sponsored by Groupe Hospitalier de la Rochelle Ré Aunis · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
3,160
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent heart rhythm disorder. Its symptomatic forms, resistant to drug therapy, require invasive management (catheter ablation), which exposes to potentially serious complications including thromboembolic complications. Despite anticoagulant treatment, intra-atrial thrombus, which is a contraindication to catheter ablation, is detected in nearly 2 % of cases. Its diagnosis requires prior transoesophageal echocardiography, an unpleasant examination.

A previous study (NCT02199080) showed that a zero ATE score, defined by no heart failure, no hypertension, no history of stroke, d-dimer \< 270 ng/mL, has a negative predictive value of 100 % for the exclusion of intra-atrial thrombus.

The objective of the study is to confirm the negative predictive value, sensitivity and specificity of the ATE score for the exclusion of intra-atrial thrombus.

02

Conditions studied

  • Atrial Fibrillation
  • Thrombi
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

In each centre, patient eligible for atrial fibrillation or left flutter ablation will be screened. In agreement with the physician performing the procedure, the study will be explained and proposed to the eligible patients by an investigator at the admission or at the pre-ablation consultation. It is strongly recommended to include patients consecutively in order to limit selection bias.

Inclusion criteria

  • Adult patients,
  • Patients hospitalized for ablation of atrial fibrillation or symptomatic left atrial tachycardia,
  • have signed or orally given an informed consent

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Contraindication to transoesophageal echocardiography,
  • Transoesophageal echocardiography made in another centre than the centre of ablation,
  • Pregnant women, parturient mothers and nursing mothers,
  • Lives in an institution on court or authority order,
  • Severely altered psychological health,
  • Persons leaving in health or social establishment,
  • Minors,
  • Under guardianship,
  • Persons unable to give their consent,
  • Refusal to participate in the study.
04

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
3,160 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No
Biospecimen retention
Samples without dna

Groups and cohorts

  • Atrial fibrillation

    ATE score will be determined for patients hospitalized for ablation of atrial fibrillation or symptomatic left atrial tachycardia

    Diagnostic Test: ATE score

Interventions

  • Diagnostic testATE score

    The Atrial Thrombus Exclusion (ATE) combine thromboembolic risk factors (hypertension, cardiac insufficiency, history of stoke) and d-dimer level for the prediction of intra-atrial thrombus : Hypertension = 1 Heart failure = 1 History of stroke = 1 High plasma d-dimer level (\> 270 ng/ml) = 1

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Number of Patients With Atrial Thrombus and a Zero ATE Score

    Patients with atrial thrombus diagnosed by pre-procedural transoesophageal echocardiography, without hypertension, heart failure, history of stroke and a plasma d-dimer level \< 270 ng/ml ATE : Atrial Thrombus Exclusion minimum value = 0 maximum value = 4, patient at higher risk of atrial thrombus

    Time frame: at most 48 hours before ablation

Secondary outcomes

  1. Number of Patients With Atrial Thrombus

    Patients with atrial thrombus diagnosed by pre-procedural transoesophageal

    Time frame: at most 48 hours before ablation

  2. Number of Patients With Atrial Thrombus Among Patients With a Zero CHADS2VASC Score

    Patients with atrial thrombus diagnosed by pre-procedural transoesophageal echocardiography, and without congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, vascular disease \[previous myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease or aortic plaque\], history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, aged under 75, and male minimum value = 0 maximum value = 10, at most risk of stroke

    Time frame: at most 48 hours before ablation

  3. Number of Patients With Atrial Thrombus Among Patients With a Zero CHADS2 Score

    Patients with atrial thrombus diagnosed by pre-procedural transoesophageal echocardiography, and without congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, and aged under 75 minimum value = 0 maximum value = 6, at most risk of stroke

    Time frame: at most 48 hours before ablation

06

Results

Posted Dec 22, 2023

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneAtrial Fibrillation
Started3160
Patients with an ate score3099
Completed3072
Not completed88

Outcome measures

PrimaryNumber of Patients With Atrial Thrombus and a Zero ATE Score

Patients with atrial thrombus diagnosed by pre-procedural transoesophageal echocardiography, without hypertension, heart failure, history of stroke and a plasma d-dimer level \< 270 ng/ml ATE : Atrial Thrombus Exclusion minimum value = 0 maximum value = 4, patient at higher risk of atrial thrombus

Time frame:
at most 48 hours before ablation
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Patients With Atrial Thrombus and a Zero ATE Score
ParticipantsAtrial Fibrillation
ATE = 0, thrombus2
ATE = 0, No thrombus816
ATE > 0, thrombus27
ATE > 0, No thrombus2227
SecondaryNumber of Patients With Atrial Thrombus

Patients with atrial thrombus diagnosed by pre-procedural transoesophageal

Time frame:
at most 48 hours before ablation
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Patients With Atrial Thrombus
ParticipantsAtrial Fibrillation
Thrombus diagnosed by the reference method29
No thrombus diagnosed by the reference method3043
SecondaryNumber of Patients With Atrial Thrombus Among Patients With a Zero CHADS2VASC Score

Patients with atrial thrombus diagnosed by pre-procedural transoesophageal echocardiography, and without congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, vascular disease \[previous myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease or aortic plaque\], history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, aged under 75, and male minimum value = 0 maximum value = 10, at most risk of stroke

Time frame:
at most 48 hours before ablation
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Patients With Atrial Thrombus Among Patients With a Zero CHADS2VASC Score
ParticipantsAtrial Fibrillation
CHADS2VASC = 0, thrombus3
CHADS2VASC = 0, no thrombus604
CHADS2VASC > 0, thrombus26
CHADS2VASC > 0, no thrombus2438
CHADS2VASC score unavailable1
SecondaryNumber of Patients With Atrial Thrombus Among Patients With a Zero CHADS2 Score

Patients with atrial thrombus diagnosed by pre-procedural transoesophageal echocardiography, and without congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, and aged under 75 minimum value = 0 maximum value = 6, at most risk of stroke

Time frame:
at most 48 hours before ablation
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Patients With Atrial Thrombus Among Patients With a Zero CHADS2 Score
ParticipantsAtrial Fibrillation
CHADS2 = 0, thrombus4
CHADS2 = 0, no thrombus1285
CHADS2 > 0, thrombus25
CHADS2 > 0, no thrombus1757
CHADS2 score unavailable1

Adverse events

Collected over The study lasted 48 hours for each participant. Adverse events were collected during these 48 hours.. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Atrial Fibrillation0/3,072 (0%)2/3,072 (0.1%)1/3,072 (0%)
Most frequent serious events
Most frequent serious events
EventAtrial Fibrillation
PericarditisCardiac disorders1/3072
HemorrhageBlood and lymphatic system disorders1/3072
Most frequent other events
Most frequent other events
EventAtrial Fibrillation
Loss of consciousnessNervous system disorders1/3072

Baseline characteristics

Age, Categorical
Age, Categorical(Participants)Atrial Fibrillation
<=18 years0
Between 18 and 65 years1422
>=65 years1650
Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Atrial Fibrillation
Median66 (58 to 71)
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Atrial Fibrillation
Female863
Male2209
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected(Participants)Atrial Fibrillation
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)Atrial Fibrillation
France2996
Switzerland76
Clinical history of heart failure
Clinical history of heart failure(Participants)Atrial Fibrillation
Count of participants459
Clinical history of stroke or transient ischemic attack
Clinical history of stroke or transient ischemic attack(Participants)Atrial Fibrillation
Count of participants175
Hypertension
Hypertension(Participants)Atrial Fibrillation
Count of participants1292

5 further baseline measures are reported on the registry.

07

Study locations

15 sites
  • Service de cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier du pays d'Aix
    Aix-en-Provence, France
  • Service de cardiologie, CH Annecy Genevois
    Annecy, France
  • Service de cardiologie, CHU Brest
    Brest, France
  • Groupe Hospitalier de la Rochelle Ré Aunis
    La Rochelle, France
  • Service de cardiologie, CH Le Mans
    Le Mans, France
  • Service de cardiologie, CHR Metz Thionville
    Metz, France
  • Service de cardiologie, Hôpital privé du Confluent
    Nantes, France
  • Service de cardiologie, CHU Nîmes
    Nîmes, France
  • Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière
    Paris, France
  • Centre Hospitalier de Pau
    Pau, France
  • Service de cardiologie, CHU Rouen
    Rouen, France
  • Service de cardiologie, CHU Saint Etienne
    Saint-Etienne, France
  • Service de cardiologie, CHU Toulouse
    Toulouse, France
  • Service de cardiologie, Clinique Saint Joseph
    Trélaze, France
  • University Hospital Geneva
    Geneva, Switzerland
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Milhem A, Ingrand P, Treguer F, Cesari O, Da Costa A, Pavin D, Rivat P, Badenco N, Abbey S, Zannad N, Winum PF, Mansourati J, Maury P, Bader H, Savoure A, Sacher F, Andronache M, Allix-Beguec C, De Chillou C, Anselme F; ATE Study Group. Exclusion of Intra-Atrial Thrombus Diagnosis Using D-Dimer Assay Before Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2019 Feb;5(2):223-230. doi: 10.1016/j.jacep.2018.09.009. Epub 2018 Nov 1. PubMed 30784695 ↗
  • Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W, Boechler M, Rich MW, Radford MJ. Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA. 2001 Jun 13;285(22):2864-70. doi: 10.1001/jama.285.22.2864. PubMed 11401607 ↗
  • Natale A, Mohanty S, Goldstein L, Gomez T, Hunter TD. Real-world safety of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation with contact force or cryoballoon ablation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2021 Apr;60(3):445-452. doi: 10.1007/s10840-020-00734-w. Epub 2020 May 11. PubMed 32390061 ↗
  • Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R, Kim YH, Saad EB, Aguinaga L, Akar JG, Badhwar V, Brugada J, Camm J, Chen PS, Chen SA, Chung MK, Nielsen JC, Curtis AB, Davies DW, Day JD, d'Avila A, de Groot NMSN, Di Biase L, Duytschaever M, Edgerton JR, Ellenbogen KA, Ellinor PT, Ernst S, Fenelon G, Gerstenfeld EP, Haines DE, Haissaguerre M, Helm RH, Hylek E, Jackman WM, Jalife J, Kalman JM, Kautzner J, Kottkamp H, Kuck KH, Kumagai K, Lee R, Lewalter T, Lindsay BD, Macle L, Mansour M, Marchlinski FE, Michaud GF, Nakagawa H, Natale A, Nattel S, Okumura K, Packer D, Pokushalov E, Reynolds MR, Sanders P, Scanavacca M, Schilling R, Tondo C, Tsao HM, Verma A, Wilber DJ, Yamane T. 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm. 2017 Oct;14(10):e275-e444. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.05.012. Epub 2017 May 12. No abstract available. PubMed 28506916 ↗
  • Scherr D, Dalal D, Chilukuri K, Dong J, Spragg D, Henrikson CA, Nazarian S, Cheng A, Berger RD, Abraham TP, Calkins H, Marine JE. Incidence and predictors of left atrial thrombus prior to catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2009 Apr;20(4):379-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2008.01336.x. Epub 2008 Oct 27. PubMed 19017348 ↗
  • Puwanant S, Varr BC, Shrestha K, Hussain SK, Tang WH, Gabriel RS, Wazni OM, Bhargava M, Saliba WI, Thomas JD, Lindsay BD, Klein AL. Role of the CHADS2 score in the evaluation of thromboembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing transesophageal echocardiography before pulmonary vein isolation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Nov 24;54(22):2032-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.07.037. PubMed 19926009 ↗
  • Milhem A, Anselme F, Da Costa A, Abbey S, Mansourati J, Bader H, Winum PF, Badenco N, Maury P, Dompnier A, Shah D, Johner N, Taieb J, Bertrand J, Treguer F, Amelot M, Ingrand P, Allix-Beguec C. ATE Score Diagnostic Accuracy for Predicting the Absence of Intra-Atrial Thrombi Before AF Ablation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2023 Dec;9(12):2550-2557. doi: 10.1016/j.jacep.2023.08.019. Epub 2023 Oct 4. PubMed 37804261 ↗

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · Jan 27, 2020

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03455673
Lead sponsor
Groupe Hospitalier de la Rochelle Ré Aunis
Collaborators
Diagnostica Stago
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Mar 6, 2018
Start date
Sep 18, 2018
Primary completion
Nov 7, 2020
Completion
Nov 7, 2020
Results posted
Dec 22, 2023
Last update
Mar 19, 2026

Study contacts

Antoine MILHEM, MD
study director · Groupe Hospitalier de la Rochelle Ré Aunis

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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