CClinicalTrials.gg
TerminatedNCT03439787Updated Apr 25, 2019

Popliteal Plexus Block for Total Knee Arthroplasty

A Phase 4 interventional study of Bupivacaine-EPINEPHrine 0.5%-1:200,000 Injectable Solution and Sodium Chloride 0.9 % in Pain, Postoperative, sponsored by University of Aarhus. Terminated at 1 site in Denmark. Open to participants aged 50 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2019-04-25.

Sponsored by University of Aarhus · Phase 4, Interventional, and Treatment

Why this study was terminated
Methodological problems/problems in the study design (competing pain and a placebo effect). No serious adverse events or other safety issues
Phase
Phase 4
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
15
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
50 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study aims to assess the analgesic effect of the popliteal plexus block as a supplement to a femoral triangle block in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty

Read the detailed description

A femoral triangle block (FTB) effectively anesthetizes the anterior group of nerves innervating the knee (infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve, the medial femoral cutaneous nerve and the terminal branch of the medial vastus muscle nerve). However, the posterior group of nerves innervating the knee joint is not covered with an FTB, and therefore most patients complain of significant, opioid-requiring pain despite a successful FTB.

The posterior group consists of the popliteal plexus, which is derived from the tibial nerve and the posterior branch of the obturator nerve. The popliteal plexus is located in the popliteal fossa, where it entwines the popliteal artery and vein. Recent cadaver studies have suggested that an injection into the distal part of the adductor canal will spread to the popliteal fossa (PubMed Identifier (ID): 28937534; PubMed ID: 27442773).

This study aims to assess the analgesic effect of the popliteal plexus block (PPB) as a supplement to a femoral triangle block (FTB) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

In the study all patients will receive an FTB with 10 ml bupivacaine-epinephrine (0.5%-1:200,000) with the addition of 0.5 ml Dexamethasone (4 mg/ml).

All patients are postoperatively observed for the development of significant pain (NRS > 3) in the primary observation period (POP) defined as: a 3-hour observation period starting at the return of completely normal cutaneous sensation (lateral thigh and lateral side of the lower leg) after spinal anesthesia. If the patient reports pain (NRS > 3) in the POP, the patient will be randomized to the study treatment - a PPB with 10 ml bupivacaine-epinephrine or 10 ml saline.

02

Conditions studied

  • Pain, Postoperative

Browse trials for

Keywords

  • Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee
  • Anesthetics, Local
  • Pain, Postoperative
  • Nerve Block
  • Bupivacaine
  • Epinephrine
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
50 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Male or female at least 50 years of age at screening
  • Scheduled to undergo primary total knee arthroplasty in spinal anesthesia
  • Normal sensory function at the lateral part of the thigh and lower leg
  • American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1, 2, or 3
  • Able to provide informed consent

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Unable to cooperate and follow the study protocol
  • Communication problems
  • Allergic towards any medical product administered in the study
  • Diabetes requiring medical treatment
  • Pregnancy (a pregnancy test will be conducted on all women of childbearing potential prior to inclusion in the study. A positive test result will result in exclusion from the study)
  • Preoperative opioid treatment (dosed > once daily)
04

Study design

Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
15 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Active Popliteal Plexus Block

    10 ml Bupivacaine-Epinephrine 0.5%-1:200,000 Injectable Solution

    Drug: Bupivacaine-EPINEPHrine 0.5%-1:200,000 Injectable Solution

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebo Popliteal Plexus Block

    10 ml Sodium Chloride 0.9 %

    Other: Sodium Chloride 0.9 %

Interventions

  • DrugBupivacaine-EPINEPHrine 0.5%-1:200,000 Injectable Solution

    10 ml

    Also known as: Marcain-adrenaline

  • OtherSodium Chloride 0.9 %

    10 ml

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Success of the popliteal plexus block (PPB)

    Success of the PPB is defined as the proportion of patients with significant postoperative pain (NRS \> 3) after FTB, who drop in pain score to NRS ≤ 3 after PPB and maintain NRS ≤ 3 without any opioids until 60 minutes after PPB

    Time frame: 60 minutes after placement of the PPB

Secondary outcomes

  1. Onset time of the PPB

    The onset time is defined as the time from withdrawal of the block needle and until the patient reports NRS ≤ 3. The maximal onset time is defined as 60 minutes

    Time frame: The pain scores after PPB are evaluated every 5 minutes until 15 minutes after PPB and hereafter every 15 minutes until 60 minutes after PPB

  2. The effect of the PPB on cutaneous sensation

    Performed as a pinprick test on the lateral aspect of the lower leg. Sensation to pinprick is graded on a 3-point scale: 0 = no sensation, 1 = reduced sensation and 2 = normal sensation to pinprick compared to the contralateral side

    Time frame: Baseline and 2 hours after the placement of the PPB

  3. The effect of PPB on isometric muscle strength of the he dorso- and plantar flexors of the ankle joint

    Dorsal and plantar flexion of the foot is measured as the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). During the test, a handheld dynamometer is kept immobile and the patient is asked to push against the dynamometer with maximal force and maintain this maximal pressure for 5 seconds. The MVIC is measured three times, separated by a 30-second pause, and the highest of the three MVIC values is registered

    Time frame: Baseline and 2 hours after the placement of the PPB

  4. Opioid consumption from 0-4 hours

    Registered from the electronic patient record

    Time frame: Subjects receiving PPB: From after PPB placement and up until 4 hours after PPB. Subjects not receiving PPB: From the end of the primary observation period (POP) and up until 4 hours after the end of the POP

  5. Opioid consumption from 4-24 hours

    Registered from the electronic patient record

    Time frame: Subjects receiving PPB: From 4 hours after PPB placement and up until 24 hours after PPB. Subjects not receiving PPB: From 4 hours after the end of the POP and up until 24 hours after the end of the POP

  6. Pain scores (Numerical Rating Scale, NRS, 0-10 where 0 is "no pain" and 10 is "worst pain imaginable"

    The patient is asked about the worst pain since last test time

    Time frame: For subjects receiving a PPB, pain scores will be performed 2, 4 and 24 hours after PPB. For subjects not receiving a PPB, final pain scores will be made at the 24 hrs follow-up visit

  7. Pain localization

    Evaluated using a systematic questionnaire

    Time frame: Subjects with NRS > 3: when significant pain is reported during the POP; 15 and 60 min after PPB; at any increase in NRS score at any time during the 60 min after PPB; 2, 4 and 24 hrs after PPB. For subjects with NRS ≤ 3: at the 24 hrs follow-up visit

  8. The number of patients requiring a PPB

    The number of patients experiencing NRS \> 3 as a proportion of all patients with femoral triangle block (FTB)

    Time frame: All patients receive an FTB and are observed postoperatively for the development of NRS > 3 during the primary observation period (POP) defined as: A 3-hour observation period starting at the return of normal cutaneous sensation after spinal anesthesia

06

Study locations

1 site
  • Silkeborg Regional Hospital
    Silkeborg, 8600, Denmark
07

References and documents

Publications

  • Bendtsen TF, Moriggl B, Chan V, Borglum J. The Optimal Analgesic Block for Total Knee Arthroplasty. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 Nov/Dec;41(6):711-719. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000485. PubMed 27685346 ↗
  • Wong WY, Bjorn S, Strid JM, Borglum J, Bendtsen TF. Defining the Location of the Adductor Canal Using Ultrasound. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017 Mar/Apr;42(2):241-245. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000539. PubMed 28002228 ↗
  • GARDNER E. The innervation of the knee joint. Anat Rec. 1948 May;101(1):109-30. doi: 10.1002/ar.1091010111. No abstract available. PubMed 18915634 ↗
  • Abdallah FW, Chan VW, Gandhi R, Koshkin A, Abbas S, Brull R. The analgesic effects of proximal, distal, or no sciatic nerve block on posterior knee pain after total knee arthroplasty: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Anesthesiology. 2014 Dec;121(6):1302-10. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000406. PubMed 25099748 ↗
  • Abdallah FW, Madjdpour C, Brull R. Is sciatic nerve block advantageous when combined with femoral nerve block for postoperative analgesia following total knee arthroplasty? a meta-analysis. Can J Anaesth. 2016 May;63(5):552-68. doi: 10.1007/s12630-016-0613-2. Epub 2016 Feb 19. PubMed 26896282 ↗
  • Runge C, Borglum J, Jensen JM, Kobborg T, Pedersen A, Sandberg J, Mikkelsen LR, Vase M, Bendtsen TF. The Analgesic Effect of Obturator Nerve Block Added to a Femoral Triangle Block After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 Jul-Aug;41(4):445-51. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000406. PubMed 27171822 ↗
  • McNamee DA, Parks L, Milligan KR. Post-operative analgesia following total knee replacement: an evaluation of the addition of an obturator nerve block to combined femoral and sciatic nerve block. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2002 Jan;46(1):95-9. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2002.460117.x. PubMed 11903080 ↗
  • Taha AM. Brief reports: ultrasound-guided obturator nerve block: a proximal interfascial technique. Anesth Analg. 2012 Jan;114(1):236-9. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e318237fb40. Epub 2011 Oct 24. PubMed 22025494 ↗
  • Goffin P, Lecoq JP, Ninane V, Brichant JF, Sala-Blanch X, Gautier PE, Bonnet P, Carlier A, Hadzic A. Interfascial Spread of Injectate After Adductor Canal Injection in Fresh Human Cadavers. Anesth Analg. 2016 Aug;123(2):501-3. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001441. PubMed 27442773 ↗
  • Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)--a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009 Apr;42(2):377-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010. Epub 2008 Sep 30. PubMed 18929686 ↗
  • Runge C, Moriggl B, Borglum J, Bendtsen TF. The Spread of Ultrasound-Guided Injectate From the Adductor Canal to the Genicular Branch of the Posterior Obturator Nerve and the Popliteal Plexus: A Cadaveric Study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017 Nov/Dec;42(6):725-730. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000675. PubMed 28937534 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03439787
Lead sponsor
University of Aarhus
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Feb 20, 2018
Start date
May 15, 2018
Primary completion
Aug 23, 2018
Completion
Aug 23, 2018
Last update
Apr 25, 2019

Study contacts

Charlotte R Sørensen, MD
principal investigator · Silkeborg Regional Hospital

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is terminated, as verified in Aug 2018. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion