CClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03436810Updated Mar 25, 2021Results posted

Effect of Structured Progressive Task-Oriented Circuit Class Training With Motor Imagery on Gait in Stroke

An interventional study of Motor imagery and Health education in Stroke and Gait, Hemiplegic, sponsored by Mahidol University. Completed at 1 site in Myanmar. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 75 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-03-25.

Sponsored by Mahidol University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
40
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 75 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The objectives of the study will be General Objective is to investigate the effect of TOCCT with MI on gait performance in patients with stroke. Speific Objevtives.

Specific Objectives are to compare the effect of TOCCT with MI and TOCCT with education on the spatio-temporal and functional gait variables in patients with stroke, to investigate the spatio-temporal and functional gait variables in patients with stroke after receiving TOCCT with MI and to investigate the spatio-temporal and functional gait variables in patients with stroke after receiving TOCCT with education.

Read the detailed description

This study will use a sample of convenience between the ages of 18-75 years. Forty patients with stroke from the departments of physical medicine and rehabilitation, North Okkalapa General Hospital, East General Hospital and National Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar will participate in this study. The sample size was calculated using the mean value of gait speed from the previous study. Probability of type I error, apha value at 0.05 and power of 0.80 were set.

All participants will be explained about details of the study and the interventions. After that, they will be asked to sign on the written consent approving by the committee of the institution prior to participate in study. All participants will be randomly allocated the participants into the experimental (TOCCT with MI) or the control (TOCCT with health education) groups. All participants will be screened following the criteria and will be collected the demographic data.

All outcome measures will be assessed by the therapist who have been trained the outcome measures of the study. As the primary outcome measurements, spatio-temporal variables will be measured by using two dimensional motion analysis method. The protocol of this method was proved to be valid and reliability from previous pilot study. For functional gait variables, six-minute walk test will be assessed for determining walking endurance, step test will be assessed for dynamic balance, and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test will be assessed for mobility function.

As the secondary outcome measure, the strength of hip flexor, hip extensor, knee flexor, knee extensor, ankle dorsiflexor, and ankle plantarflexor muscles will be assessed by using hand-held dynamometer. Muscle spasticity will be assessed by using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). The outcome measures will be assessed at the baseline, after 2 weeks and 4 weeks intervention. For the safety, the therapist will measure blood pressure, pulse rate and fatigue level in the assessments, just before the training, and rest period during the training program.

Both groups will receive the same 65 minutes structured progressive TOCCT and will receive 25 minutes of MI training for the experimental group and 25 minutes of health education for the control group. So, total training duration will be 90 minutes. Intervention program will provide 3 times a week over a period of 4 weeks.

Descriptive statistic will be used for analyze the demographic and baseline characteristics of the participants. To clarify whether the data are normally distributed, the Kolmogorov Smirnov Goodness of Fit test will be used. If data are normally distributed, two-way mixed repeated measure ANOVA will be used. If the data are not normally distributed, Friedman test will be used to compare the mean differences of the spatio-temporal measures, 6 minutes walk test, step test, TUG test, muscle strength test and muscle spasticity test. The significant level is set at p \< 0.05.

02

Conditions studied

  • Stroke
  • Gait, Hemiplegic

Keywords

  • Motor Imagery
  • Task-Oriented Circuit Class Training
  • Health Education
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 75 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • First stroke and paresis on unilateral side of the body
  • Age 18 - 75 years
  • Post-stroke duration 3 - 12 months
  • Middle cerebral artery (MCA) involvement
  • Ability to walk at least 10 meters with or without using assistance
  • Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) more than or equal to 3
  • Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) more than or equal to 24
  • National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) lessor than 14
  • MI ability by the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ-10) more than or equal to 3

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Unstable cardiopulmonary problems
  • Other neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or epilepsy
  • Orthopedic and rheumatologic disorders with weight bearing pain
  • Unable to communicate or unable to follow commands
  • Serious cardiac conditions
  • Patients with unilateral spatial neglect
  • Patients with ataxic movement
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
40 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Experimental group

    The experimental group will receive training programs of Motor imagery (MI) for 25 minutes and Task-Oriented Circuit Class Training (TOCCT) for 65 minutes. Overall duration of program session will be 90 minutes. Training for 3 times a week over duration of 4 weeks.

    Procedure: Motor imagery · Procedure: Task-Oriented Circuit Class Training

  • Active comparator
    Control group

    The control group receives programs of Health education (HE) for 25 minutes and Task-Oriented Circuit Class Training (TOCCT) for 65 minutes. Overall duration will be 90 minutes. They will be trained for 3 times a week over duration of 4 weeks.

    Procedure: Health education · Procedure: Task-Oriented Circuit Class Training

Interventions

  • ProcedureMotor imagery

    Motor imagery (MI) will be trained for the individuals by imagination of the movement. Program of MI includes 1) body relaxation and awareness 2) visual imagery 3) kinesthetic imagery and 4) refocusing of body and environment.

  • ProcedureHealth education

    Topic of Health education (HE) consists of 1) Changes caused by stroke 2) Complications after stroke 3) Emotional changes after stroke 4) Living at home after stroke 5) High blood pressure and stroke and 6) Preventing recurrent stroke.

  • ProcedureTask-Oriented Circuit Class Training

    Program of Task-Oriented Circuit Class Training (TOCCT) consists of warm up and perform tasks 1) Stepping forward-backward onto block 2) Stepping sideway onto block 3) Heel lifts in standing to strengthen affected planter-flexor muscles 4) Standing with a decreased base and reach for object 5) Standing up from chair, walking a short distance, and returning to chair 6) Symmetrical walking and 7) Walking at fast speed.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change of Gait Speed at 4 Weeks

    Measured by using two dimensional motion analysis

    Time frame: 4 weeks after training

  2. Change of Step Length at 4 Weeks

    Measured by using two dimensional motion analysis

    Time frame: 4 weeks after training

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change of Step Time at 4 Weeks

    measured by using two dimensional motion analysis

    Time frame: 4 weeks after training

  2. Change of Cadence at 4 Weeks

    measured by using two dimensional motion analysis

    Time frame: 4 weeks after training

  3. Change of 6-minute Walk Score at 4 Weeks

    The changed score measured by using the 6-minute walk test. The higher changed scores mean a better outcome.

    Time frame: 4 weeks after training

  4. Change of Number of Step at 4 Weeks

    The changed score is measured by using the step test, The higher score means better outcome.

    Time frame: 4 weeks after training

  5. Change of Timed Up and Go Score at 4 Weeks

    The changed score is measured by using the Timed Up and Go test. The higher of changed score mean a worse outcome.

    Time frame: 4 weeks after training

  6. Change of Muscle Strength at 4 Weeks

    The change score of muscle strength is measured by the hand-held dynamometer

    Time frame: 4 weeks after training

  7. Change of Muscle Tone at 4 Weeks

    The change score is measured by using the modified Ashworth Scale for each muscle group, the minimum and maximum scores of muscle tone are 0 and 4, respectively. A higher score of tone means a worse outcome.

    Time frame: 4 weeks after training

06

Results

Posted Mar 25, 2021

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneExperimental GroupControl Group
Started2020
Completed2020
Not completed00

Outcome measures

PrimaryChange of Gait Speed at 4 Weeks

Measured by using two dimensional motion analysis

Time frame:
4 weeks after training
Reported as:
Mean · meter per second
Change of Gait Speed at 4 Weeks
meter per secondExperimental GroupControl Group
Change of Gait Speed at 4 Weeks0.78 ± 0.210.58 ± 0.27
PrimaryChange of Step Length at 4 Weeks

Measured by using two dimensional motion analysis

Time frame:
4 weeks after training
Reported as:
Mean · centimeter
Change of Step Length at 4 Weeks
centimeterExperimental GroupControl Group
affected limb49.76 ± 6.9942.07 ± 11.46
unaffected limb47.78 ± 8.3741.45 ± 12.17
SecondaryChange of Step Time at 4 Weeks

measured by using two dimensional motion analysis

Time frame:
4 weeks after training
Reported as:
Median · second
Change of Step Time at 4 Weeks
secondExperimental GroupControl Group
affected limb0.72 (0.59 to 0.80)0.83 (0.62 to 0.95)
unaffected limb0.53 (0.48 to 0.63)0.70 (0.56 to 0.84)
SecondaryChange of Cadence at 4 Weeks

measured by using two dimensional motion analysis

Time frame:
4 weeks after training
Reported as:
Mean · steps per minute
Change of Cadence at 4 Weeks
steps per minuteExperimental GroupControl Group
Change of Cadence at 4 Weeks94.13 ± 17.0978.88 ± 26.35
SecondaryChange of 6-minute Walk Score at 4 Weeks

The changed score measured by using the 6-minute walk test. The higher changed scores mean a better outcome.

Time frame:
4 weeks after training
Reported as:
Median · meter
Change of 6-minute Walk Score at 4 Weeks
meterExperimental GroupControl Group
Change of 6-minute Walk Score at 4 Weeks246.50 (172.50 to 335.00)152.50 (120.75 to 330.00)
SecondaryChange of Number of Step at 4 Weeks

The changed score is measured by using the step test, The higher score means better outcome.

Time frame:
4 weeks after training
Reported as:
Mean · number of steps
Change of Number of Step at 4 Weeks
number of stepsExperimental GroupControl Group
Change of Number of Step at 4 Weeks12.60 ± 2.5410.65 ± 2.78
SecondaryChange of Timed Up and Go Score at 4 Weeks

The changed score is measured by using the Timed Up and Go test. The higher of changed score mean a worse outcome.

Time frame:
4 weeks after training
Reported as:
Median · second
Change of Timed Up and Go Score at 4 Weeks
secondExperimental GroupControl Group
Change of Timed Up and Go Score at 4 Weeks11.25 (6.63 to 15.00)14.01 (10.00 to 30.25)
SecondaryChange of Muscle Strength at 4 Weeks

The change score of muscle strength is measured by the hand-held dynamometer

Time frame:
4 weeks after training
Reported as:
Median · kilogram
Change of Muscle Strength at 4 Weeks
kilogramExperimental GroupControl Group
hip flexor3.30 (3.00 to 3.78)2.90 (2.60 to 3.08)
hip extensor3.30 (2.90 to 3.67)3.00 (2.80 to 3.28)
knee flexor3.35 (2.40 to 3.68)2.70 (2.43 to 3.30)
knee extensor3.75 (3.40 to 4.00)3.00 (2.80 to 3.30)
ankle dorsiflexor2.55 (1.88 to 2.80)2.60 (2.20 to 3.20)
ankle planterflexor2.80 (2.10 to 3.48)2.50 (2.08 to 2.90)
SecondaryChange of Muscle Tone at 4 Weeks

The change score is measured by using the modified Ashworth Scale for each muscle group, the minimum and maximum scores of muscle tone are 0 and 4, respectively. A higher score of tone means a worse outcome.

Time frame:
4 weeks after training
Reported as:
Median · score
Change of Muscle Tone at 4 Weeks
scoreExperimental GroupControl Group
knee flexor1.00 (1.00 to 1.00)1.00 (1.00 to 1.00)
ankle planterflexor1.00 (1.00 to 2.00)1.00 (1.00 to 1.75)

Adverse events

Collected over The adverse event data were collected for every participant over the 4 weeks duration of the training program.. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Control Group0/20 (0%)0/20 (0%)0/20 (0%)
Experimental Group0/20 (0%)0/20 (0%)0/20 (0%)

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(year)Experimental GroupControl GroupTotal
Mean49.90 ± 11.5955.55 ± 10.7452.48 ± 11.46
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Experimental GroupControl GroupTotal
Female5914
Male151126
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity, Customized(participants)Experimental GroupControl GroupTotal
Asian202040
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)Experimental GroupControl GroupTotal
Myanmar202040
Stroke characteristics
Stroke characteristics(Participants)Experimental GroupControl GroupTotal
Ischemic stroke121426
Hemorrhage stroke8614
Right-sided stroke101222
Left-sided stroke10818
Mild121426
Moderate8614
07

Study locations

1 site
  • University of Medical Technology
    Yangon, 11012, Myanmar
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Thrift AG, Thayabaranathan T, Howard G, Howard VJ, Rothwell PM, Feigin VL, Norrving B, Donnan GA, Cadilhac DA. Global stroke statistics. Int J Stroke. 2017 Jan;12(1):13-32. doi: 10.1177/1747493016676285. Epub 2016 Oct 28. PubMed 27794138 ↗
  • Macko RF, Ivey FM, Forrester LW. Task-oriented aerobic exercise in chronic hemiparetic stroke: training protocols and treatment effects. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2005 Winter;12(1):45-57. doi: 10.1310/PJQN-KAN9-TTVY-HYQH. PubMed 15736000 ↗
  • Yang YR, Wang RY, Lin KH, Chu MY, Chan RC. Task-oriented progressive resistance strength training improves muscle strength and functional performance in individuals with stroke. Clin Rehabil. 2006 Oct;20(10):860-70. doi: 10.1177/0269215506070701. PubMed 17008338 ↗
  • Cicinelli P, Marconi B, Zaccagnini M, Pasqualetti P, Filippi MM, Rossini PM. Imagery-induced cortical excitability changes in stroke: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Cereb Cortex. 2006 Feb;16(2):247-53. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhi103. Epub 2005 May 4. PubMed 15872152 ↗
  • Kim JS, Oh DW, Kim SY, Choi JD. Visual and kinesthetic locomotor imagery training integrated with auditory step rhythm for walking performance of patients with chronic stroke. Clin Rehabil. 2011 Feb;25(2):134-45. doi: 10.1177/0269215510380822. Epub 2010 Oct 13. PubMed 20943715 ↗
  • Balasubramanian CK, Neptune RR, Kautz SA. Variability in spatiotemporal step characteristics and its relationship to walking performance post-stroke. Gait Posture. 2009 Apr;29(3):408-14. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.10.061. Epub 2008 Dec 3. PubMed 19056272 ↗
  • Billinger SA, Arena R, Bernhardt J, Eng JJ, Franklin BA, Johnson CM, MacKay-Lyons M, Macko RF, Mead GE, Roth EJ, Shaughnessy M, Tang A; American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Clinical Cardiology. Physical activity and exercise recommendations for stroke survivors: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2014 Aug;45(8):2532-53. doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000022. Epub 2014 May 20. PubMed 24846875 ↗
  • Brandstater ME, de Bruin H, Gowland C, Clark BM. Hemiplegic gait: analysis of temporal variables. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1983 Dec;64(12):583-7. PubMed 6661021 ↗
  • Jorgensen L, Crabtree NJ, Reeve J, Jacobsen BK. Ambulatory level and asymmetrical weight bearing after stroke affects bone loss in the upper and lower part of the femoral neck differently: bone adaptation after decreased mechanical loading. Bone. 2000 Nov;27(5):701-7. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(00)00374-4. Erratum In: Bone 2001 Jan;28(1):140. PubMed 11062359 ↗
  • Verma R, Arya KN, Garg RK, Singh T. Task-oriented circuit class training program with motor imagery for gait rehabilitation in poststroke patients: a randomized controlled trial. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2011 Oct;18 Suppl 1:620-32. doi: 10.1310/tsr18s01-620. PubMed 22120031 ↗
  • English C, Hillier SL, Lynch EA. Circuit class therapy for improving mobility after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jun 2;6(6):CD007513. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007513.pub3. PubMed 28573757 ↗
  • Guillot A, Collet C. Contribution from neurophysiological and psychological methods to the study of motor imagery. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2005 Dec 15;50(2):387-97. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.09.004. Epub 2005 Nov 3. PubMed 16271398 ↗
  • Malouin F, Richards CL, Jackson PL, Dumas F, Doyon J. Brain activations during motor imagery of locomotor-related tasks: a PET study. Hum Brain Mapp. 2003 May;19(1):47-62. doi: 10.1002/hbm.10103. PubMed 12731103 ↗
  • Dunsky A, Dickstein R, Marcovitz E, Levy S, Deutsch JE. Home-based motor imagery training for gait rehabilitation of people with chronic poststroke hemiparesis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Aug;89(8):1580-8. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.12.039. Erratum In: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Nov;89(11):2223. Deutsch, Judith [corrected to Deutsch, Judith E]. PubMed 18674992 ↗
  • Zimmermann-Schlatter A, Schuster C, Puhan MA, Siekierka E, Steurer J. Efficacy of motor imagery in post-stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2008 Mar 14;5:8. doi: 10.1186/1743-0003-5-8. PubMed 18341687 ↗
  • Aung N, Bovonsunthonchai S, Hiengkaew V, Tretriluxana J, Rojasavastera R, Pheung-Phrarattanatrai A. Concurrent validity and intratester reliability of the video-based system for measuring gait poststroke. Physiother Res Int. 2020 Jan;25(1):e1803. doi: 10.1002/pri.1803. Epub 2019 Aug 16. PubMed 31418511 ↗
  • Bandinelli S, Benvenuti E, Del Lungo I, Baccini M, Benvenuti F, Di Iorio A, Ferrucci L. Measuring muscular strength of the lower limbs by hand-held dynamometer: a standard protocol. Aging (Milano). 1999 Oct;11(5):287-93. doi: 10.1007/BF03339802. PubMed 10631877 ↗
  • Lin PY, Yang YR, Cheng SJ, Wang RY. The relation between ankle impairments and gait velocity and symmetry in people with stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006 Apr;87(4):562-8. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.12.042. PubMed 16571398 ↗

Study documents

  • Study protocol · Jan 18, 2017
  • Statistical analysis plan · Jan 18, 2017

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03436810
Lead sponsor
Mahidol University
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Feb 19, 2018
Start date
Jan 11, 2018
Primary completion
Oct 10, 2018
Completion
Jan 10, 2019
Results posted
Mar 25, 2021
Last update
Mar 25, 2021

Study contacts

Sunee Bovonsunthonchai, PhD
study chair · Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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