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CompletedNCT03420911Updated Feb 5, 2018

Determination of the Effects of Change in Anxiety Level on Pain Perception in Patients Who Present to Emergency Department

An interventional study of dexketoprofen trometamol and Midazolam in Pain, Acute and Anxiety, sponsored by Derince Training and Research Hospital. Completed. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2018-02-05.

Sponsored by Derince Training and Research Hospital · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 4 years 7 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Jun 2013, registered Jan 2018).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
180
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The aim of this study is to determine the level of pain and anxiety in patients who present to the emergency department with acute pain, and to investigate the effect of the standard analgesic treatment and an additional anxiolytic treatment on pain and anxiety.

Read the detailed description

After triage, each acute pain patient who qualified for the study was asked for consent. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients who were eligible for the study. After obtaining written informed consent, demographic and clinical data were collected and recorded by the attending physician. Our study consisted of two parallel groups. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups with a 1:1 allocation following simple randomization procedures by a program generating an online random number. The control group was given only the analgesic drug dexketoprofen trometamol and the study group was given analgesic plus anxiolytic, the same dose of dexketoprofen trometamol plus midazolam . Both groups received the study drugs in 100 mL of normal saline within 5 minutes. The dexketoprofen trometamol dose was 50 mg, and the midazolam dose was 1 mg. The study was double-blind. Sequenced study medications were prepared by a nurse, and another nurse administered the medications. In patients with an insufficient improvement of pain after 60 minutes, fentanyl 1 mcg/kg ı.v. was administered as a rescue medication.

Pain and anxiety in patients was measured at 0, 30, 60 and 120 minutes using the standard 100 mm horizontal visual analogue scale (VAS). The patient's general anxiety states were measured with the Turkish adopted version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Patients who have greater than 10 points are assumed anxious (9). The HADS and VAS scores were measured and recorded to the database by the researcher. At the time of discharge, patient satisfaction with treatment was evaluated by asking two questions with the 5-step Likert scale. The questions were, "I am satisfied with the applied treatment", and "I would like the same treatment applied again". Patient answers were, "1-I strongly disagree", "2-I disagree", "3-I am not sure", "4-I agree", and "5-I strongly agree".

02

Conditions studied

  • Pain, Acute
  • Anxiety

Keywords

  • pain
  • anxiety
  • emergency department
  • pain management
03

In context

Acute Pain

1,073 studies on the registry are indexed under Acute Pain; 166 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 180 is above the median of 86 across 902 interventional studies indexed under Acute Pain.

Browse Acute Pain studies →

Lead sponsor

Derince Training and Research Hospital is the lead sponsor of 39 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • The patients who presented to the emergency department with acute pain
  • Who accepted to include the study
  • Who were older than 18 years old

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients who refused to participate to the study
  • History of allergy to any of the study drugs
  • Pregnancy
  • Younger than 18 years old
  • Chronic pain
  • Antidepressant or anxiolytic drug use
  • Advanced kidney or liver failure
  • Use of analgesics within 6 hours before presentation
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
180 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    dexketoprofen trometamol group

    Received the study drugs in 100 mL of normal saline within 5 minutes. The dexketoprofen trometamol dose was 50 mg

    Drug: dexketoprofen trometamol

  • Active comparator
    dexketoprofen trometamol plus midazolam group

    Received the study drugs in 100 mL of normal saline within 5 minutes. The dexketoprofen trometamol dose was 50 mg and the midazolam dose was 1 mg.

    Drug: dexketoprofen trometamol · Drug: Midazolam

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. the change in pain levels

    the change in pain levels between groups on the 100mm visual analogue scale at 0-30th minutes

    Time frame: 30 minutes

  2. the change in anxiety levels

    the change in anxiety levels between groups on the 100mm visual analogue scale at 0-30th minutes

    Time frame: 30 minutes

Secondary outcomes

  1. the need for rescue treatment

    the need for rescue treatment at 60th minute and at 120 th minute

    Time frame: 120 minutes

  2. the rate of the request for the same treatment

    the rate of the request for the same treatment again on the Likert scale

    Time frame: 120 minutes

  3. the comparison of the pain and anxiety change on the visual analogue scale

    the comparison of the pain and anxiety change on the visual analogue scale in patients who have a greater anxiety score.

    Time frame: 120 minutes

07

Study locations

No study locations are listed for this record.

08

References and documents

Publications

  • Tanabe P, Buschmann M. A prospective study of ED pain management practices and the patient's perspective. J Emerg Nurs. 1999 Jun;25(3):171-7. doi: 10.1016/s0099-1767(99)70200-x. PubMed 10346837 ↗
  • Karwowski-Soulie F, Lessenot-Tcherny S, Lamarche-Vadel A, Bineau S, Ginsburg C, Meyniard O, Mendoza B, Fodella P, Vidal-Trecan G, Brunet F. Pain in an emergency department: an audit. Eur J Emerg Med. 2006 Aug;13(4):218-24. doi: 10.1097/01.mej.0000217975.31342.13. PubMed 16816586 ↗
  • Craven P, Cinar O, Madsen T. Patient anxiety may influence the efficacy of ED pain management. Am J Emerg Med. 2013 Feb;31(2):313-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2012.08.009. Epub 2012 Sep 13. PubMed 22981626 ↗
  • Ocanez KL, McHugh RK, Otto MW. A meta-analytic review of the association between anxiety sensitivity and pain. Depress Anxiety. 2010 Aug;27(8):760-7. doi: 10.1002/da.20681. PubMed 20336798 ↗
  • Ethier C, Burry L, Martinez-Motta C, Tirgari S, Jiang D, McDonald E, Granton J, Cook D, Mehta S; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. Recall of intensive care unit stay in patients managed with a sedation protocol or a sedation protocol with daily sedative interruption: a pilot study. J Crit Care. 2011 Apr;26(2):127-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2010.08.003. PubMed 20889289 ↗
  • Behrbalk E, Halpern P, Boszczyk BM, Parks RM, Chechik O, Rosen N, Shapira A, Merose O, Uri O. Anxiolytic medication as an adjunct to morphine analgesia for acute low back pain management in the emergency department: a prospective randomized trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014 Jan 1;39(1):17-22. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000038. PubMed 24270933 ↗
  • Bonett DG, Price RM. Statistical inference for a linear function of medians: confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and sample size requirements. Psychol Methods. 2002 Sep;7(3):370-83. doi: 10.1037/1082-989x.7.3.370. PubMed 12243307 ↗
  • Mok LC, Lee IF. Anxiety, depression and pain intensity in patients with low back pain who are admitted to acute care hospitals. J Clin Nurs. 2008 Jun;17(11):1471-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02037.x. Epub 2008 Feb 19. PubMed 18298508 ↗
  • Oktay C, Eken C, Ozbek K, Ankun G, Eray O, Avci AB. Pain perception of patients predisposed to anxiety and depressive disorders in emergency department. Pain Manag Nurs. 2008 Dec;9(4):150-3, 153.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2008.06.002. PubMed 19041612 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided — undecided

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Jun 2013 to primary completion in Dec 2013, 6 months.

Of 424 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Acute Pain, half reached primary completion within 12 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 23. This study's 6 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 430 studies reached it within 11 months; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 23.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jan 16, 2018
First posted
Feb 5, 2018
StartActual
Jun 2013
Primary completionActual
Dec 2013
CompletionActual
Dec 2013
Last update
Feb 5, 2018
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Feb 5, 2018, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03420911
Lead sponsor
Derince Training and Research Hospital
Responsible party
ASIM ENES ÖZBEK (Principal Investigator, Derince Training and Research Hospital) — Principal investigator
First posted
Feb 5, 2018
Start date
Jun 2013
Primary completion
Dec 2013
Completion
Dec 2013
Last update
Feb 5, 2018

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Feb 2018. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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Discussion

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Studies of the drug tested here: Midazolam

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