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CompletedNCT03400566Updated Jan 17, 2018

Effects of Experiential Learning on Vegetable Intake in Preschool Children

An interventional study of Narrative and Experiential in Food Habits, Food Preferences and Health Behavior, sponsored by University of Leeds. Completed at 1 site in United Kingdom. Open to participants aged 2 Years to 5 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2018-01-17.

Primary conditionFood PreferencesRegistry: Feeding BehaviorReclassifiedWhy we changed it
Registry
Feeding Behavior — the first condition term the registry derived for this study.
ClinicalTrials.gg
Food Preferences
Why
  1. The study's listed conditions name Food Preferences, a narrower term within Feeding Behavior.
Confidence
High: the new condition is named in the study's own listed conditions. Of 351 hand-checked studies reclassified this way, 68% were exactly right and 84% in the right disease family; the registry's first term was right for 5% (measured 2026-10-21). How we classify →
Wrong?
Tell us the study's main condition →

Sponsored by University of Leeds · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 3 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Oct 2017, registered Jan 2018).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
337
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
2 Years to 5 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The aim of this cluster randomized control trial is to test the efficacy of providing experience of a target novel vegetable within the context of an interactive story time to increase intake of the target novel vegetable in preschool aged children (aged 2-5 years).

Read the detailed description

The aim of this study is to test the efficacy of providing experience of a target novel vegetable within the context of an interactive story time to increase intake of the target novel vegetable in preschool aged children (aged 2-5 years). In particular, the study will assess whether these strategies are effective to encourage intake of an unfamiliar vegetable in children who are fussy eaters.

There are two manipulations in this study - the provision of a story which features either a target vegetable (celeriac) or a control vegetable (carrot) and the presence of experiential learning (smelling, touching, looking at the vegetable) with either the target vegetable or the control vegetable.

Baseline consumption and familiarity of the target veg will be assessed for all children, before the intervention. The intervention consists of two familiarization trials, and 2-weeks of access to a story book featuring vegetables. Following the final familiarization trial, consumption and familiarity will be assessed again. Each familiarization trial consists of a story in class, and depending on condition, an experiential learning episode in class. During the 2 week interval between familiarization sessions nurseries will be requested to ready the story book 5 times in the preschool room (at times convenient to them).

Participants will be cluster randomized into 4 groups (2X2 between subjects design): 1) target vegetable narrative, 2) target vegetable narrative + experiential, 3) control vegetable narrative 4) control vegetable narrative + experiential

Child's food fussiness data will be collected by parents using the Food Fussiness sub scale of the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Their usual consumption of the target vegetable will also be measured using parent report.

Nursery staff will be requested to provide feedback to evaluate intervention feasibility, barriers and efficacy.

It is predicted that children's intake of the novel vegetable will vary by intervention. The primary hypothesis to be tested is that providing experience of a target novel vegetable within the context of an interactive story time will encourage preschoolers to taste, try and eat the target vegetable.

02

Conditions studied

  • Food Habits
  • Food Preferences
  • Health Behavior
  • Diet Habit
  • Child Behavior

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03

In context

Food Preferences Reclassified

155 studies on the registry are indexed under Food Preferences; 20 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 337 is above the median of 133 across 121 interventional studies indexed under Food Preferences.

Browse Food Preferences studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Leeds is the lead sponsor of 206 studies on the registry; 25 are open to participants now.

Compared within Food Preferences, this study's primary condition as ClinicalTrials.gg classifies it; the registry's first condition term is Feeding Behavior. The counts are of registry records indexed under each term, refreshed daily. How we classify →

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
2 Years to 5 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • 2 to 5 years old
  • Attends nursery on selected test day

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Relevant food allergy (celeriac / celery)
  • Medical condition which would prevent them from eating the test vegetable
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Care provider)
Enrollment
337 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Narrative (target)

    Children will receive the story featuring the target vegetable and NO sensory experience.

    Behavioral: Narrative

  • Experimental
    Narrative+ experiential (target)

    Children will receive the story featuring the target vegetable and experiential learning with the target vegetable.

    Behavioral: Narrative · Behavioral: Experiential

  • Active comparator
    Narrative (control)

    Children will receive the story featuring the control vegetable and NO sensory experience.

    Behavioral: Narrative

  • Active comparator
    Narrative+ experiential (control)

    Children will receive the story featuring the control vegetable and experiential learning with the control vegetable.

    Behavioral: Narrative · Behavioral: Experiential

Interventions

  • BehavioralNarrative

    Children will be read a story book featuring vegetables for a minimum of 7 times (including twice during the familiarization phase).

  • BehavioralExperiential

    Children will receive hands on experience with the vegetable. They will get to listen, see, feel, touch and smell the actual vegetable during the two familiarization phases.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in intake of the target vegetable

    Intake of the novel vegetable will be measured at baseline (day 1) and post intervention (day 14). Intake of the novel vegetable will be measured individually and objectively using weight in grams. Change in intake will be calculated by subtraction of baseline intake from post intervention intake.

    Time frame: Change in intake of the target vegetable from Baseline to day 14

Secondary outcomes

  1. Knowledge of the target vegetable

    Children's knowledge of the target vegetable will be assessed at baseline (day 1) and post intervention (day 14). Children will be asked to name the photo card featuring the target vegetable.

    Time frame: Knowledge of the target vegetable at day 14 (post intervention)

07

Study locations

1 site
  • School of Psychology, University of Leeds
    Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Nekitsing C, Blundell-Birtill P, Cockroft JE, Fildes A, Hetherington MM. Increasing Intake of an Unfamiliar Vegetable in Preschool Children Through Learning Using Storybooks and Sensory Play: A Cluster Randomized Trial. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2019 Dec;119(12):2014-2027. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.05.017. Epub 2019 Aug 1. PubMed 31378648 ↗
  • Nekitsing C, Blundell-Birtill P, Cockroft JE, Hetherington MM. Taste Exposure Increases Intake and Nutrition Education Increases Willingness to Try an Unfamiliar Vegetable in Preschool Children: A Cluster Randomized Trial. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2019 Dec;119(12):2004-2013. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.05.012. Epub 2019 Aug 1. PubMed 31378647 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Oct 2017 to primary completion in Nov 2017, 1 month.

Of 92 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Food Preferences, half reached primary completion within 5 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 1 and three quarters within 17. This study's 1 month is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 92 studies reached it within 5 months; a quarter within 1 and three quarters within 17.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jan 8, 2018
First posted
Jan 17, 2018
StartActual
Oct 2, 2017
Primary completionActual
Nov 30, 2017
CompletionActual
Jan 5, 2018
Last update
Jan 17, 2018
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jan 17, 2018, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03400566
Collaborators
Economic and Social Research Council, United Kingdom, Purely Nutrition Ltd
Responsible party
Chandani Nekitsing (Postgraduate Research Student, University of Leeds) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jan 17, 2018
Start date
Oct 2, 2017
Primary completion
Nov 30, 2017
Completion
Jan 5, 2018
Last update
Jan 17, 2018

Study contacts

Chandani Nekitsing, MSc
principal investigator · University of Leeds

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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