ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03350997CGMUpdated Mar 21, 2022

Effects of Exercise and Energy Balance on 24-hour Blood Glucose Control

An interventional study of Trial 2 Exercise and Trial 1 Exercise in Metabolic Disease and Adipose Tissue, sponsored by University of Michigan. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 40 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2022-03-21.

Sponsored by University of Michigan · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 1 year after the study started (first participant enrolled Oct 2016, registered Nov 2017).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
22
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
18 Years to 40 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 272 studies in Metabolic Diseases with a site in United States — 68 open to participants now, 92 under way, 12 of them phase 3. Metabolic Diseases · United States.

Enrollment
143rd of 209
22 · median 50
Started
2016
with 15 others
No phase
88 of 272
25 open now
Registered
128th of 272
by date
Lead sponsor
6 of 272
University of Michigan

Among the 272 studies in Metabolic Diseases with a site in United States, this one is the 143rd largest by enrollment of the 209 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 16 that started in 2016, is one of 88 with no phase, and was the 128th registered.

Metabolic Diseases

763 studies on the registry are indexed under Metabolic Diseases; 192 are open to participants now.

Browse Metabolic Diseases studies →

Open to participants now

68 of the 272 studies in Metabolic Diseases with a site in United States are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

63 more — sign in →

All 68 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in United States have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in United States →

Who these studies take

Of the 133 Metabolic Diseases studies recruiting now, 47 (35%) set no upper age limit and 63 (47%) stop at 75 or younger; 38 take children under 18; 50 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years to 40 Years · all sexes · healthy volunteers too.

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02

Study summary

The study team will assess "free-living" 24h glucose control using continuous glucose monitors (CGM) over an 88h period on two separate occasions. Importantly, standardized meals will be provided and will be consumed at specific times each day of the CGM measurement period. These meals will be identical on day 1 and day 3 of measurement. Each subject will complete two CGM periods, which will be identical except for the calorie and macronutrient content of the post-exercise dinner. In addition, during trial 1, two CGM's will be worn, while only 1 CGM will be worn on trial 2.

Read the detailed description

Subjects will be instructed to exercise exactly 2 days before each experimental trial period, and then abstain from exercise other than the exercise session on Day 2 of the trial period until after the trial period is complete.

Subjects will arrive to the Substrate Metabolism Laboratory at approximately 4pm on Day 0 of each trial. For trial 1, two CGM devices will be placed on either side of the abdomen, near the belly button. For trial 2, only one CGM device will be placed on one side of the abdomen.

On Day 1 of both trials, participants will go about their normal daily activities (other than planned exercise) while eating provided meals at designated time points. This day will serve as the non-exercise control day.

On Day 2, subjects will return to the laboratory to exercise on the bike for \~1h at a moderate exercise intensity (approximately 65% of their measured VO2peak) to expend 350 kilocalories. During trial 1 only, subjects will use the mouthpiece and nose clip (which will allow all of their expired air to pass through the metabolic cart for analysis of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production) for \~5 min at the beginning, middle and toward the end of exercise to verify they are exercising at 65% of VO2peak. This will also allow the study team to accurately measure energy expenditure (kcal) during exercise. On trial 2, subjects will perform the exact same exercise protocol, but the mouthpiece and nose clip will not be required. One hour after the exercise session, participants will eat their standardized dinner. Importantly, the caloric content of this meal will differ between the two trials (+/- 350kcal), and this will be the only difference between the two study trial periods.

On Day 3, participants will go about their normal daily activities (other than planned exercise) while eating the provided meals at designated time points. This day will serve as the post-exercise day.

On Day 4, participants will return to the laboratory at approximately 8am for removal of the CGM device(s).

03

Conditions studied

  • Metabolic Disease
  • Adipose Tissue

Keywords

  • Exercise
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 40 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Age: 18-40
  • : 20-30 kg/m2

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria

  • Pregnant or lactating
  • Evidence/history of cardiovascular or metabolic disease
  • Medications known to affect glucose metabolism
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

BMI (body mass index)

Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.

What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
22 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Trial 1

    Subjects will have two CGM devices placed on either side of the abdomen, near the belly button. Trial 1 Exercise - subjects will use a mouthpiece and nose clip (which will allow all of their expired air to pass through the metabolic cart for analysis of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production) for \~5 min at the beginning, middle and toward the end of exercise to verify they are exercising at 65% of VO2peak. This will allow us to accurately measure energy expenditure (kcal) during exercise. One hour after the exercise session, participants will eat a standardized dinner which includes the energy expended from their exercise session (+ 350 kcal).

    Behavioral: Trial 1 Exercise

  • Experimental
    Trial 2

    Subjects will have one CGM device placed on one side of the abdomen. Trial 2 Exercise - subjects will exercise at 65% of VO2peak. One hour after the exercise session, participants will eat a standardized dinner which will NOT include the energy expended from their exercise session (- 350 kcal).

    Behavioral: Trial 2 Exercise

Interventions

  • BehavioralTrial 2 Exercise

    During the exercise session, subjects will exercise at 65% of VO2peak. One hour after the exercise session, participants will eat a standardized dinner which will NOT include the energy expended from their exercise session (- 350 kcal).

  • BehavioralTrial 1 Exercise

    During the exercise session, subjects will use a mouthpiece and nose clip (which will allow all of their expired air to pass through the metabolic cart for analysis of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production) for \~5 min at the beginning, middle and toward the end of exercise to verify they are exercising at 65% of VO2peak. This will allow us to accurately measure energy expenditure (kcal) during exercise. One hour after the exercise session, participants will eat a standardized dinner which includes the energy expended from their exercise session (+ 350 kcal).

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Average Post-prandial glucose values

    Average Post-prandial glucose values (1 hour, 2 hour, and 3 hours) will be measured

    Time frame: 1 week

  2. area under curve Post-prandial glucose values (1 hour, 2 hour, and 3 hours)

    1 hour, 2 hour, and 3 hours time-point for Post-prandial glucose values will be measured

    Time frame: 1 week

Secondary outcomes

  1. 24 hour glycemic response

    Average 24 hour glycemic response will be measured

    Time frame: 1 day

  2. Area under curve - 24 hour glycemic response

    24 hour glycemic response area under curve will be measured

    Time frame: 1 day

  3. CGM Sensor Variability when measured simultaneously

    coefficient variation of blood glucose between the 2 CGM devices placed during trial 1

    Time frame: 1 week

07

Study locations

1 site
  • University of Michigan
    Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
08

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Oct 2016 to primary completion in Dec 2017, 13 months.

Of 182 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Metabolic Diseases, half reached primary completion within 22 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 44. This study's 13 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 201 studies reached it within 22 months; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 43.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Nov 13, 2017
First posted
Nov 22, 2017
StartActual
Oct 21, 2016
Primary completionActual
Dec 18, 2017
CompletionActual
Dec 18, 2017
Last update
Mar 21, 2022
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Mar 21, 2022, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03350997
Responsible party
Jeffrey F Horowitz (Associate Professor, Movement Science, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan) — Principal investigator
First posted
Nov 22, 2017
Start date
Oct 21, 2016
Primary completion
Dec 18, 2017
Completion
Dec 18, 2017
Last update
Mar 21, 2022

Study contacts

Jeffrey F Horowitz
principal investigator · University of Michigan

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Mar 2022. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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