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WithdrawnNCT03330704Updated Mar 19, 2020

Small-Volume, Patient-Specific, Balanced Hypertonic Fluid Protocol Validation

An Early Phase 1 interventional study of 3% Sodium Chloride and 23.4% Sodium Chloride in Cerebral Edema and Saline Solution, Hypertonic, sponsored by Stanford University. Withdrawn at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-03-19.

Sponsored by Stanford University · Early Phase 1, Interventional, and Treatment

Why this study was withdrawn
lack of eligible study participants
Phase
Early Phase 1
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
0
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 34 studies in Brain Edema with a site in United States — 5 open to participants now, 7 under way, none of them phase 3. Brain Edema · United States.

Enrollment
29th of 31
0 · median 41
Started
2017
with 4 others
Phase 1
4 of 34
none open now
Registered
25th of 34
by date

Among the 34 studies in Brain Edema with a site in United States, this one is the 29th largest by enrollment of the 31 interventional ones, is one of 5 that started in 2017, is one of 4 in phase 1, and was the 25th registered.

By phase

34 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.

No phase15 · 3 open
Phase 25 · 0 open
Phase 35 · 0 open
Phase 1this study4 · 0 open
Observational3 · 2 open
Phase 1/22 · 0 open

By the year they started

First in 2004; this study’s year is marked. 5 started in 2017.

Size and results

Median enrollment 41 across the 31 interventional studies, 100 across the 3 observational. Of the 23 that completed or were terminated, 13 (57%) have results posted.

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Watch this landscapeDownload CSVWith an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 34 studies in Brain Edema with a site in United States, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

Many patients with traumatic brain injuries (including strokes, blood clots, or other brain injuries) are given concentrated salt water solutions (hypertonic saline) in order to treat brain swelling (cerebral edema). Current therapies consist of a mixture of sodium and chloride, which can lead to high levels of serum chloride and increased total body water. High levels of chloride can cause acidosis, which can cause the body to function sub-optimally. Therefore, the investigators are proposing to use two concentrated solutions in these patients at the same time that will allow for a lower total volume of solution administration and reduce the rise in chloride to prevent acidosis. The main outcome will therefore be the patients sodium level, chloride level and serum pH.

03

Conditions studied

  • Cerebral Edema
  • Saline Solution, Hypertonic

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04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Able to consent
  • 18 years or older
  • English speaking
  • Clinical indication (intracranial hypertension from cerebral edema) for hypertonic fluid administration

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Fails to consent
  • \< 18 years old
  • Hypertonic therapy not indicated
05

Study design

Phase
Early Phase 1
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Triple (Participant, Care provider, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
0 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Standard Therapy

    This group will receive 3% hypertonic sodium chloride for the management of their cerebral edema. 3% Sodium Chloride is the generic name of this intravenous fluid preparation.

    Drug: 3% Sodium Chloride

  • Experimental
    Balanced Therapy

    This group will undergo two simultaneous infusions. 23.4% sodium chloride and 8.4% sodium bicarbonate will be infused at the same time in various ratios for management of cerebral edema with a balanced approach

    Drug: 23.4% Sodium Chloride · Drug: 8.4% Sodium Bicarbonate

Interventions

  • 3% sodium chloride will be infused into patients for the treatment or prevention of raised intracranial pressure

  • 23.4% sodium chloride will be infused into patients for the treatment or prevention of raised intracranial pressure

  • 8.4% sodium bicarbonate will be infused into patients for the treatment or prevention of raised intracranial pressure

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Total volume of intravenous hypertonic fluid administered to the patient

    Total hypertonic fluid volume administered to each group of patients measured in milliliters of fluid.

    Time frame: The fluid will be infused until the new serum sodium goal is achieved. This outcome measure will be assessed 1 week after study enrollment

Secondary outcomes

  1. Urine output

    Urine output will be collected and measured quantitatively in milliliter units.

    Time frame: Urine output during active hypertonic fluid infusion will be measured. This outcome measure will be assessed 1 week after study enrollment

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Stanford University Hospital
    Stanford, California 94305, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Wilcox CS. Regulation of renal blood flow by plasma chloride. J Clin Invest. 1983 Mar;71(3):726-35. doi: 10.1172/jci110820. PubMed 6826732 ↗
  • Toung TJ, Nyquist P, Mirski MA. Effect of hypertonic saline concentration on cerebral and visceral organ water in an uninjured rodent model. Crit Care Med. 2008 Jan;36(1):256-61. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000295306.52783.1E. PubMed 18090381 ↗
  • Diringer MN, Zazulia AR. Osmotic therapy: fact and fiction. Neurocrit Care. 2004;1(2):219-33. doi: 10.1385/NCC:1:2:219. PubMed 16174920 ↗
  • Erdman MJ, Riha H, Bode L, Chang JJ, Jones GM. Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury in Neurocritical Care Patients Receiving Continuous Hypertonic Saline. Neurohospitalist. 2017 Jan;7(1):9-14. doi: 10.1177/1941874416665744. Epub 2016 Aug 29. PubMed 28042364 ↗
  • Neavyn MJ, Boyer EW, Bird SB, Babu KM. Sodium acetate as a replacement for sodium bicarbonate in medical toxicology: a review. J Med Toxicol. 2013 Sep;9(3):250-4. doi: 10.1007/s13181-013-0304-0. PubMed 23636658 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — No plan to share data

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Ran from Nov 2017 to primary completion in Jan 2020, 25 months.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Oct 23, 2017
First posted
Nov 6, 2017
StartActual
Nov 28, 2017
Primary completionActual
Jan 1, 2020
CompletionActual
Jan 1, 2020
Last update
Mar 19, 2020
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Mar 19, 2020, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03330704
Responsible party
Tim Angelotti (Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Stanford University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Nov 6, 2017
Start date
Nov 28, 2017
Primary completion
Jan 1, 2020
Completion
Jan 1, 2020
Last update
Mar 19, 2020

Study contacts

Tim Angelotti, MD, PhD
principal investigator · Stanford University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is withdrawn, as verified in Feb 2019. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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Discussion

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Studies of the drugs tested here: Sodium Chloride · Sodium Bicarbonate

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