An observational study in Cauda Equina Syndrome and Functional Neurological Disorder, sponsored by University of Edinburgh. Completed at 1 site in United Kingdom. Open to participants aged 16 Years to 100 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-04-07.
Sponsored by University of Edinburgh · Observational
The research focuses on Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) which describes damage to the nerves in the lower back which supply bladder, bowels, sexual function and the legs usually from slipped discs in the spine.
CES is as common as multiple sclerosis and is diagnosed using an MRI scan of the spine, 'scan positive' CES. However, about 50% of people presenting with the symptoms of CES have MRI scans which do not explain their symptoms, 'scan negative' patients. The BLB study will be the first large clinical study comparing patients with 'scan positive' and 'scan negative' CES. All patients admitted to the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh with possible CES will be invited to participate. The study consists of detailed history taking, examination and a questionnaire following up patient's symptoms at three months.
The study aims to see what differences exist between the 'scan positive' and 'scan negative' groups, help doctors understand more about the outcomes of both groups and discover the number of patients with 'scan negative' CES who have functional disorders (previously called medically unexplained or conversion disorders) or undiagnosed neurological disorders.
Uro-neurological disorders are those in which there is a disturbance of bladder function related to a neurological cause. However, many patients with Uro-Neurological disorders are not found to have explanatory abnormalities despite adequate clinical and radiological investigation, so-called 'scan negative' patients. The BLB study will investigate this problem through an acute disorder, Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES), to provide a better understanding of scan-negative Uro-Neurological disorders.
CES is a devastating condition caused by compression of the cauda equina nerve roots resulting in bowel, bladder and sexual dysfunction with potential lower limb weakness. CES requires urgent surgery and has serious potential morbidity and medico-legal consequences1. Suspected acute CES has a minimum incidence of 11 per 100,000 making it twice as common as multiple sclerosis. However, in the two largest studies both retrospective and from Edinburgh, 43-48% of patients with clinical CES were 'scan-negative' and indeed received no other diagnosis 1,2.
Little is known about patients with 'scan negative' CES and nothing is known about their outcome. Our two studies in Edinburgh found basic clinical and demographic characteristics could not distinguish 'scan positive' and 'scan negative' groups 1,2. However, on the basis of clinical experience, and now prospective pilot data, the investigators hypothesise that many of these patients have either an acute functional disorder or, in some cases, sacral nerve damage not seen on imaging but detectable on anal sphincter EMG. Functional disorders, also called psychogenic/non-organic disorders, refer to genuinely experienced physical symptoms which can be positively identified as not related to underlying neurological disease3. Finding out about the diagnosis of patients with 'scan negative' CES would enable them to access treatment and improve their outcome as well as creating better service provision for them in the long term. There is also limited data on long term outcome in patients with 'scan positive' CES and a wish for knowledge from the medical community about what the priorities for patients with 'scan positive' CES are after discharge. The investigators have called the study subsection 'Back or Leg pain with Bladder symptoms' (BLB) study because this most accurately describes the symptoms patients have and we know that describing something negatively to patients (e.g. medically unexplained symptoms)is found by patients to be unhelpful.
The BLB study asks three main questions; do patients with 'scan negative' CES have symptoms of bowel, bladder, sexual dysfunction and lower limb weakness and sensory abnormalities due to a functional disorder?; do a proportion of patients with 'scan negative' CES have missed neurological disease?; what are the outcomes of patients with 'scan negative' and 'scan positive' CES after three months?
89 studies on the registry are indexed under Conversion Disorder; 34 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 100 is above the median of 60 across 37 observational studies indexed under Conversion Disorder.
Browse Conversion Disorder studies →University of Edinburgh is the lead sponsor of 403 studies on the registry; 64 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
161 participants admitted to the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh with possible CES.
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Patients admitted for urgent MRI with possible cauda equina syndrome will be consented for questionnaires and examination.
Other: Questionnaires and examination
Patients with in the BLB patients study will have interview and questionnaire carried out.
What proportion of patients with 'scan negative' CES have a functional disorder by clinical consensus.
Percent of patients with 'scan negative' CES and a functional disorder.
Time frame: Nov 15-Aug 18
Demographics (age, gender, work status) in patients with 'scan positive' and 'scan negative' CES.
Demographics
Time frame: Nov 15-Aug 18
Neurological examination findings, using Medical Research Council (MRC) grading and standardised sensory and reflex examinations in patients with 'scan positive' and 'scan negative' CES.
MRC grading of strength (0-5, from no power to full power)
Time frame: Nov 15-Aug 18
Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HADs) scores and Structured clinical interview for DSM (SCID) findings in patients with 'scan positive' and 'scan negative' CES at onset of symptoms and HADs scores three months after symptom onset.
Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HADs) scores (\<8 negative, 8-10 mild, 8-14 moderate, 15-21 severe).
Time frame: Nov 15-Aug 18
Patient priorities after discharge rated using a visual analogue scale. Options will be pain, bladder symptoms, bowel symptoms, sexual function, sensory disturbance, financial, worry/stress/low mood.
visual analogue scale from 1 would most value help with to 8 would least value help required
Time frame: Nov 15-Aug 18
The number of patients with 'scan negative' CES have other neurological disease causing their symptoms.
Number of patients who have a neurological diagnosis explaining their symptoms at up to one year after discharged with CES symptoms.
Time frame: Nov 15-Aug 18
The number of patients with 'scan negative' CES who have sacral nerve dysfunction found on EMG.
with 'scan negative' CES who have sacral nerve dysfunction found on EMG.
Time frame: Nov 15-Aug 18
Bladder function using Urinary Symptom Profile (USP) in patients with 'scan positive' and 'scan negative' CES at symptom onset and at three months after discharge.
Urinary Symptom Profile splits symptoms up into stress incontinence(0 none to 9 severe), overactive bladder (0 none to 21 severe), low stream (0 none to nine severe)
Time frame: Nov 15-Aug 18
Bowel function using The Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction score in patients with 'scan positive' and 'scan negative' CES at symptom onset and at three months after discharge.
10-13 is moderate dysfunction, 14 or over is severe dysfunction
Time frame: Nov 15-Aug 18
Sexual function using the Arizona Sexual Experiences Questionnaire in patients with 'scan positive' and 'scan negative' CES at symptom onset and at three months after discharge.
Abnormal is \>19 or 5 or more on any item or 4 or more on three items
Time frame: Nov 15-Aug 18
Plan to share: No
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This study is completed, as verified in Apr 2020. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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