ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03306797SONICHANDUpdated Apr 27, 2021

Music Therapy for Rehabilitation in Stroke Patients

An interventional study of STANDARD REHAB and SONICHAND in Stroke and Hand Injuries, sponsored by Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA. Completed at 4 sites in Italy. Open to participants aged 40 Years to 85 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-04-27.

Sponsored by Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 4 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Mar 2017, registered Aug 2017).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
65
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
40 Years to 85 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 10 studies in Stroke by Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA — 6 open to participants now, 6 under way, none of them phase 3. Stroke · Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA.

Started
2017
the only one that year
No phase
8 of 10
5 open now
Registered
1st of 10
by date

Among the 10 studies in Stroke by Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA, this one is the only one that started in 2017, is one of 8 with no phase, and was the 1st registered.

Stroke

8,255 studies on the registry are indexed under Stroke; 2,056 are open to participants now.

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Open to participants now

6 of the 10 studies in Stroke by Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA are open now, in 1 country. Recruiting first, the newest first:

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By country, each count listing its studies:

All 6 open studies →

Where they have run

Who these studies take

Of the 1,415 Stroke studies recruiting now, 697 (49%) set no upper age limit and 280 (20%) stop at 75 or younger; 77 take children under 18; 196 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 40 Years to 85 Years · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

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02

Study summary

The study uses a specific hand tracking sensor (Leap Motion Controller) to catch the movements of the arm combined with proper pre-defined musical patterns (sonification) in a neurologic music therapy perspective. The aim of the experiment is to verify the efficacy of sonification technique (compared to usual care) in the hand rehabilitation of patients with stroke.

Read the detailed description

Introduction:

Every year in Italy occur over than 200.000 new stroke cases. The virtual and augmented reality offers a valid support to the rehabilitation program by providing objectives parameters for the patient evaluation, accelerating the motor recovery process and enhancing the motor performance after the discharge. This study uses a specific hand tracking sensor (Leap Motion Controller) to catch the movements of the arm combined with proper pre-defined musical patterns (sonification) in a neurologic music therapy perspective.

In addition to its use in relational contexts, in fact, music therapy is widely used in the field of rehabilitation, and in particular in the neuromotor rehabilitation, due to the impact of the sound, as well as on paralimbic and limbic areas, the areas of the brain involved in the movements (motor cortex, supplementary motor area, cerebellum, basal ganglia, etc.).

Recent studies uses sonification for the rehabilitation of the upper limbs assuming a replacement of the proprioceptive aspects damaged by the disease thanks to the audio-motor feedback. This study, furthermore, exploits the specificities of the Leap Motion Controller and the peculiarities of the sound stimuli that accompany the arm movement without requiring cognitive tasks.

Objectives:

  • To verify through a randomized controlled trial and a suitable motor assessment the efficacy of the rehabilitation of the hand in patients with stroke using the "sonification" technique
  • To verify whether the "sonification" technique reduces the fatigue and the pain perceived during rehabilitation
  • Assess the impact of "sonification" technique on patients quality of life

Materials and Methods:

In this randomized controlled trial 66 patients with stroke will be recruited and allocated in 2 groups. The control group will be undergone to a 35 minutes standard daily rehabilitation treatment lasting 4 weeks. The experimental group will be undergone to an analogue treatment based on 15 minutes of standard rehabilitation and 20 minutes of exercises with sonification. Randomisation will be centralized for the four Units involved in the study.

The intervention will be assessed in blind at the baseline (T0), at the mid-treatment period (T1 = 2 weeks), at the end of the treatment (T2 = 4 weeks), and at a follow-up point (T3 = 8 weeks).

The following assessment tools will be used:

  • Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment Scale
  • Box and Block Test
  • Modified Ashworth Scale
  • Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
  • Numerical Pain Rating Scale
  • McGill Quality of Life

At T0, T1, T2 and T3 some motion parameters will be recorded and monitored by the Leap Motion Controller to evaluate possible changes in the movements execution.

Statistics:

The Intention-To-Treat (ITT) population will be considered for the analysis. An unpaired Student's t test on the pre (T0)-post treatment (T2) differences will be used to assess the primary endpoint. Longitudinal trends over time will be assessed through repeated measures analysis of variance. Other analyses will be available in the statistical analysis plan.

03

Conditions studied

  • Stroke
  • Hand Injuries

Keywords

  • Music therapy
  • Sonification technique
  • Rehabilitation
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
40 Years to 85 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • 40-85 years old
  • ischemic lesion in one hemisphere (hemiplegia / hemiparesis right or left)
  • > 24 onset acute event not later than 180 days prior to study entry

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Dated lesions beyond 6 months from onset
  • Multiple or bilateral lesions
  • \<24
  • Presence of neglect
  • Previous or concomitant disabling diseases for upper limb function (Eg: Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, shoulder's periarthritis, Dupuytren's disease, etc.)
  • Previous rehabilitative treatments with music
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

MMSE and MoCA

Short tests of memory and thinking, each scored out of 30. Lower scores suggest more difficulty; criteria give a range, either to include people with memory problems or to leave them out.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
65 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    SONICHAND

    The intervention is similar to the standard protocol (15 minutes of warm-up plus 20 minute of training) but involves the sonification of the exercises (4 weeks, daily)

    Device: SONICHAND

  • Other
    STANDARD REHAB

    The rehabilitative standard intervention (Occupational Therapy) consists of 15 minutes of warm-up exercises plus a 20 minutes training for 4 weeks (daily)

    Other: STANDARD REHAB

Interventions

  • OtherSTANDARD REHAB

    The rehabilitative standard intervention (Occupational Therapy) consists of 15 minutes of warm-up exercises plus a 20 minutes training with at least 6 exercises selected from: wrist * ulnarization radialization * prono-supination * horizontal flexion-extension * vertical flexion-extension hand * grasping * pinching * extensors * interosseous shoulder-elbow * vertical flexion-extension * push forward

  • DeviceSONICHAND

    The intervention is similar to the standard protocol (15 minutes of warm-up plus 20 minute of training) but involves the sonification of the exercises selected from the list. The Leap Motion Controller is managed with an ad-hoc developed application that is able to associate the movements with a 4 notes arpeggio or with a modulated texture. With the first mode the movement produces and modulates an harmonic progression built on the consecutive grades of the major scale played as ascending and descending arpeggio with also a volume crescendo and decrescendo. With the second mode, the movement modulates the volume and the low-pass cutoff frequency of a synthetic texture.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment Scale

    Primary endpoint of the study is given by the measurement of proximal and distal upper limb motor skills assessed by the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment Scale. The primary endpoint will be assessed by comparing the variation between T0 and T2 of the scale scores above mentioned in the experimental and control groups.

    Time frame: 4 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. Box and Block Test (BBT)

    Assessment of unilateral gross manual dexterity

    Time frame: up to 8 weeks

  2. Modified Ashworth Scale

    Measurement of spasticity

    Time frame: up to 8 weeks

  3. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)

    Evaluation of perceived fatigue

    Time frame: up to 8 weeks

  4. Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)

    Assessment of pain intensity

    Time frame: up to 8 weeks

  5. McGill Quality of Life

    Assessment of Quality of Life

    Time frame: up to 8 weeks

07

Study locations

4 sites
  • ICS Maugeri, Nervi Institute
    Genoa, Genova, Italy
  • ICS Maugeri, Montescano Institute
    Montescano, Pavia, Italy
  • ICS Maugeri, Pavia Institute
    Pavia, 27100, Italy
  • Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS
    Rome, Italy
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Altenmuller E, Marco-Pallares J, Munte TF, Schneider S. Neural reorganization underlies improvement in stroke-induced motor dysfunction by music-supported therapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Jul;1169:395-405. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04580.x. PubMed 19673814 ↗
  • Bangert M, Altenmuller EO. Mapping perception to action in piano practice: a longitudinal DC-EEG study. BMC Neurosci. 2003 Oct 15;4:26. doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-4-26. PubMed 14575529 ↗
  • Bangert M, Peschel T, Schlaug G, Rotte M, Drescher D, Hinrichs H, Heinze HJ, Altenmuller E. Shared networks for auditory and motor processing in professional pianists: evidence from fMRI conjunction. Neuroimage. 2006 Apr 15;30(3):917-26. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.10.044. Epub 2005 Dec 27. PubMed 16380270 ↗
  • Baumann S, Koeneke S, Schmidt CF, Meyer M, Lutz K, Jancke L. A network for audio-motor coordination in skilled pianists and non-musicians. Brain Res. 2007 Aug 3;1161:65-78. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.05.045. Epub 2007 Jun 4. PubMed 17603027 ↗
  • Cha Y, Kim Y, Hwang S, Chung Y. Intensive gait training with rhythmic auditory stimulation in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke: a pilot randomized controlled study. NeuroRehabilitation. 2014;35(4):681-8. doi: 10.3233/NRE-141182. PubMed 25318784 ↗
  • Chen P, Lai CKY, Chung RCK, Ng SSM. The Jacket Test for assessing people with chronic stroke. Disabil Rehabil. 2017 Dec;39(25):2577-2583. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1236413. Epub 2016 Oct 28. PubMed 27793076 ↗
  • Chong HJ, Han SJ, Kim YJ, Park HY, Kim SJ. Relationship between output from MIDI-keyboard playing and hand function assessments on affected hand after stroke. NeuroRehabilitation. 2014;35(4):673-80. doi: 10.3233/NRE-141166. PubMed 25318775 ↗
  • Conklyn D, Novak E, Boissy A, Bethoux F, Chemali K. The effects of modified melodic intonation therapy on nonfluent aphasia: a pilot study. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2012 Oct;55(5):1463-71. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2012/11-0105). Epub 2012 Mar 12. PubMed 22411278 ↗
  • Desrosiers J, Bravo G, Hebert R, Dutil E, Mercier L. Validation of the Box and Block Test as a measure of dexterity of elderly people: reliability, validity, and norms studies. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994 Jul;75(7):751-5. PubMed 8024419 ↗
  • Hayden R, Clair AA, Johnson G, Otto D. The effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on physical therapy outcomes for patients in gait training following stroke: a feasibility study. Int J Neurosci. 2009;119(12):2183-95. doi: 10.3109/00207450903152609. PubMed 19916847 ↗
  • Huskisson EC. Measurement of pain. Lancet. 1974 Nov 9;2(7889):1127-31. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(74)90884-8. No abstract available. PubMed 4139420 ↗
  • Kim SJ, Koh I. The effects of music on pain perception of stroke patients during upper extremity joint exercises. J Music Ther. 2005 Spring;42(1):81-92. doi: 10.1093/jmt/42.1.81. PubMed 15839735 ↗
  • Kim DS, Park YG, Choi JH, Im SH, Jung KJ, Cha YA, Jung CO, Yoon YH. Effects of music therapy on mood in stroke patients. Yonsei Med J. 2011 Nov;52(6):977-81. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2011.52.6.977. PubMed 22028163 ↗
  • Kim SJ, Jo U. Study of accent-based music speech protocol development for improving voice problems in stroke patients with mixed dysarthria. NeuroRehabilitation. 2013;32(1):185-90. doi: 10.3233/NRE-130835. PubMed 23422471 ↗
  • Iosa M, Morone G, Fusco A, Castagnoli M, Fusco FR, Pratesi L, Paolucci S. Leap motion controlled videogame-based therapy for rehabilitation of elderly patients with subacute stroke: a feasibility pilot study. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2015 Aug;22(4):306-16. doi: 10.1179/1074935714Z.0000000036. Epub 2015 Feb 25. PubMed 26258456 ↗
  • Jun EM, Roh YH, Kim MJ. The effect of music-movement therapy on physical and psychological states of stroke patients. J Clin Nurs. 2013 Jan;22(1-2):22-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04243.x. Epub 2012 Sep 17. PubMed 22978325 ↗
  • Gregson JM, Leathley MJ, Moore AP, Smith TL, Sharma AK, Watkins CL. Reliability of measurements of muscle tone and muscle power in stroke patients. Age Ageing. 2000 May;29(3):223-8. doi: 10.1093/ageing/29.3.223. PubMed 10855904 ↗
  • Lim KB, Kim YK, Lee HJ, Yoo J, Hwang JY, Kim JA, Kim SK. The therapeutic effect of neurologic music therapy and speech language therapy in post-stroke aphasic patients. Ann Rehabil Med. 2013 Aug;37(4):556-62. doi: 10.5535/arm.2013.37.4.556. Epub 2013 Aug 26. PubMed 24020037 ↗
  • Magee WL, Davidson JW. The effect of music therapy on mood states in neurological patients: a pilot study. J Music Ther. 2002 Spring;39(1):20-9. doi: 10.1093/jmt/39.1.20. PubMed 12015809 ↗
  • Meyer M, Elmer S, Baumann S, Jancke L. Short-term plasticity in the auditory system: differential neural responses to perception and imagery of speech and music. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2007;25(3-4):411-31. PubMed 17943016 ↗
  • Purdie H, Hamilton S, Baldwin S. Music therapy: facilitating behavioural and psychological change in people with stroke--a pilot study. Int J Rehabil Res. 1997 Sep;20(3):325-7. No abstract available. PubMed 9331582 ↗
  • Sarkamo T, Tervaniemi M, Laitinen S, Forsblom A, Soinila S, Mikkonen M, Autti T, Silvennoinen HM, Erkkila J, Laine M, Peretz I, Hietanen M. Music listening enhances cognitive recovery and mood after middle cerebral artery stroke. Brain. 2008 Mar;131(Pt 3):866-76. doi: 10.1093/brain/awn013. PubMed 18287122 ↗
  • Sarkamo T, Pihko E, Laitinen S, Forsblom A, Soinila S, Mikkonen M, Autti T, Silvennoinen HM, Erkkila J, Laine M, Peretz I, Hietanen M, Tervaniemi M. Music and speech listening enhance the recovery of early sensory processing after stroke. J Cogn Neurosci. 2010 Dec;22(12):2716-27. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21376. PubMed 19925203 ↗
  • Schlaug G. Part VI introduction: listening to and making music facilitates brain recovery processes. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Jul;1169:372-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04869.x. No abstract available. PubMed 19673811 ↗
  • Schneider S, Schonle PW, Altenmuller E, Munte TF. Using musical instruments to improve motor skill recovery following a stroke. J Neurol. 2007 Oct;254(10):1339-46. doi: 10.1007/s00415-006-0523-2. Epub 2007 Jan 27. PubMed 17260171 ↗
  • Scholz DS, Rohde S, Nikmaram N, Bruckner HP, Grossbach M, Rollnik JD, Altenmuller EO. Sonification of Arm Movements in Stroke Rehabilitation - A Novel Approach in Neurologic Music Therapy. Front Neurol. 2016 Jun 30;7:106. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00106. eCollection 2016. PubMed 27445970 ↗
  • Scholz DS, Rhode S, Grossbach M, Rollnik J, Altenmuller E. Moving with music for stroke rehabilitation: a sonification feasibility study. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015 Mar;1337:69-76. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12691. PubMed 25773619 ↗
  • Scholz DS, Wu L, Pirzer J, Schneider J, Rollnik JD, Grossbach M, Altenmuller EO. Sonification as a possible stroke rehabilitation strategy. Front Neurosci. 2014 Oct 20;8:332. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00332. eCollection 2014. PubMed 25368548 ↗
  • Sguazzin C, Giorgi I, Alesii A, Fini M. Italian validation of the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (MQOL-It). G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2010 Jul-Sep;32(3 Suppl B):B58-62. PubMed 21299077 ↗
  • Smeragliuolo AH, Hill NJ, Disla L, Putrino D. Validation of the Leap Motion Controller using markered motion capture technology. J Biomech. 2016 Jun 14;49(9):1742-1750. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.04.006. Epub 2016 Apr 8. PubMed 27102160 ↗
  • Suh JH, Han SJ, Jeon SY, Kim HJ, Lee JE, Yoon TS, Chong HJ. Effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation on gait and balance in hemiplegic stroke patients. NeuroRehabilitation. 2014;34(1):193-9. doi: 10.3233/NRE-131008. PubMed 24284453 ↗
  • Tamplin J, Baker FA, Jones B, Way A, Lee S. 'Stroke a Chord': the effect of singing in a community choir on mood and social engagement for people living with aphasia following a stroke. NeuroRehabilitation. 2013;32(4):929-41. doi: 10.3233/NRE-130916. PubMed 23867418 ↗
  • Thaut MH, McIntosh GC, Rice RR. Rhythmic facilitation of gait training in hemiparetic stroke rehabilitation. J Neurol Sci. 1997 Oct 22;151(2):207-12. doi: 10.1016/s0022-510x(97)00146-9. PubMed 9349677 ↗
  • Thaut MH, Leins AK, Rice RR, Argstatter H, Kenyon GP, McIntosh GC, Bolay HV, Fetter M. Rhythmic auditory stimulation improves gait more than NDT/Bobath training in near-ambulatory patients early poststroke: a single-blind, randomized trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2007 Sep-Oct;21(5):455-9. doi: 10.1177/1545968307300523. Epub 2007 Apr 10. PubMed 17426347 ↗
  • Tung JY, Lulic T, Gonzalez DA, Tran J, Dickerson CR, Roy EA. Evaluation of a portable markerless finger position capture device: accuracy of the Leap Motion controller in healthy adults. Physiol Meas. 2015 May;36(5):1025-35. doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/36/5/1025. Epub 2015 Apr 22. PubMed 25902961 ↗
  • van Delden AL, Peper CL, Nienhuys KN, Zijp NI, Beek PJ, Kwakkel G. Unilateral versus bilateral upper limb training after stroke: the Upper Limb Training After Stroke clinical trial. Stroke. 2013 Sep;44(9):2613-6. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001969. Epub 2013 Jul 18. PubMed 23868279 ↗
  • van Wijck F, Knox D, Dodds C, Cassidy G, Alexander G, MacDonald R. Making music after stroke: using musical activities to enhance arm function. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012 Apr;1252:305-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06403.x. PubMed 22524372 ↗
  • Villeneuve M, Penhune V, Lamontagne A. A piano training program to improve manual dexterity and upper extremity function in chronic stroke survivors. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014 Aug 22;8:662. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00662. eCollection 2014. PubMed 25202258 ↗
  • Weichert F, Bachmann D, Rudak B, Fisseler D. Analysis of the accuracy and robustness of the leap motion controller. Sensors (Basel). 2013 May 14;13(5):6380-93. doi: 10.3390/s130506380. PubMed 23673678 ↗
  • Wittwer JE, Webster KE, Hill K. Rhythmic auditory cueing to improve walking in patients with neurological conditions other than Parkinson's disease--what is the evidence? Disabil Rehabil. 2013 Jan;35(2):164-76. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2012.690495. Epub 2012 Jun 8. PubMed 22681598 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Mar 2017 to primary completion in May 2019, 25 months.

Of 3,108 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Stroke, half reached primary completion within 23 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 46. This study's 25 months is close to that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 3,252 studies reached it within 23 months; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 46.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Aug 4, 2017
First posted
Oct 11, 2017
StartActual
Mar 28, 2017
Primary completionActual
May 15, 2019
CompletionActual
Dec 31, 2019
Last update
Apr 27, 2021
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Apr 27, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03306797
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Oct 11, 2017
Start date
Mar 28, 2017
Primary completion
May 15, 2019
Completion
Dec 31, 2019
Last update
Apr 27, 2021

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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