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Active, not recruitingNCT03298659iMODERNUpdated Aug 14, 2026

iFR Guided Multi-vessel Revascularization During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction

An interventional study of iFR and CMR in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Multi Vessel Coronary Artery Disease, sponsored by Radboud University Medical Center. Active, not recruiting at 1 site in Netherlands. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-14.

Sponsored by Radboud University Medical Center · Not applicable, Interventional, and Diagnostic

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
1,146
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

In patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 40-60% have multi-vessel disease with an increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although it is not recommended to revascularize noninfarct lesions during the acute intervention, recent investigations suggest the opposite and show improved outcome after direct revascularization of noninfarct lesions. It is undesirable to risk procedure-related complications by treating noninfarct lesions without impaired flow. It is currently unknown whether pressure guided revascularization of noninfarct lesions in the acute phase improves outcome compared to the current guidelines.

The iMODERN trial aims to compare an iFR-guided intervention of noninfarct lesions during the acute intervention with a deferred stress perfusion CMR-guided strategy during the outpatient follow-up, to determine the optimal therapeutic approach for STEMI patients with multivessel lesions.

Read the detailed description

Study design:

The study is a prospective, randomized controlled, multicentre study.

Study population:

The research population will be recruited from the general patient population presenting with an acute STEMI. Patients treated with successful primary PCI and one or more additional significant coronary lesions in another coronary artery will be enrolled in the study. A total of 1,146 consecutive patients will be included.

Intervention:

The patients will be randomized 1:1, to (A) an active treatment arm with complete, iFR-guided revascularization of every noninfarct coronary lesion >50% and iFR ≤0.89; (B) a deferred treatment arm, in which patients will undergo an adenosine stress perfusion CMR scan within 6 weeks after STEMI, with revascularization of the noninfarct coronary lesions with associated perfusion defects.

Main study parameters/endpoints:

The primary end point consists of a combined outcome, including all-cause death, recurrent MI and hospitalization for heart failure at 3 years follow-up.

Duration:

Anticipated recruitment is 2 years. Follow-up will be performed at 6 months, 12 months, 3 years and 5 years.

02

Conditions studied

  • Acute Myocardial Infarction
  • Multi Vessel Coronary Artery Disease
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Age 18 years and older
  • Clinical presentation of STEMI and successful primary PCI within 12 hours from onset of symptoms
  • One or more other, noninfarct coronary artery lesions of >50% stenosis and feasible to be revascularized (i.e., minimal diameter 2mm)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of ST-elevation myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass graft
  • Hemodynamic instability, respiratory failure, Kilips class ≥III
  • Known GFR\<30 ml/min
  • Known contra-indications for stress CMR (e.g.: severe claustrophobia, metal implants, severe renal failure, severe astma)
  • Refusal or inability to provide informed consent
  • Life expectancy due to noncardiovascular co-morbidity of less than 12 months
  • Chronic total occlusion
  • Left main stem stenosis (>50%)
  • Residual noninfarct lesion in infarct coronary artery
  • Complex noninfarct target lesions
  • Pregnancy
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Diagnostic
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
1,146 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Active iFR-guided revascularization

    Decision to treat the nonculprit coronary stenosis if there is a significant pressure drop over the stenosis, as measured by intracoronary iFR assessment

    Diagnostic Test: iFR

  • Active comparator
    Deferred CMR-guided revascularization

    Decision to treat the nonculprit coronary stenosis if perfusion defect visible in corresponding coronary territory as visualized on stress perfusion CMR imaging

    Diagnostic Test: CMR

Interventions

  • Diagnostic testiFR

    Treatment guided by instantaneous wave-free ratio

  • Diagnostic testCMR

    Treatment guided by stress perfusion CMR

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Composite end point of Major Adverse Cardiac Events

    All-cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction and hospitalization for heart failure

    Time frame: 3 years

Secondary outcomes

  1. Composite end point of Major Adverse Cardiac Events

    All-cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction and hospitalization for heart failure

    Time frame: 6 months, 12 months, and 5 years

  2. Cardiac death

    Death from cardiovascular causes

    Time frame: 6 months, 12 months, 3 years, and 5 years

  3. Myocardial infarction

    Myocardial infarction

    Time frame: 6 months, 12 months, 3 years, and 5 years

  4. Stroke

    Stroke

    Time frame: 6 months, 12 months, 3 years, and 5 years

  5. Transient ischemic attack

    TIA

    Time frame: 6 months, 12 months, 3 years, and 5 years

  6. Major bleeding

    Haemorrhagic complications

    Time frame: 6 months, 12 months, 3 years, and 5 years

  7. Unstable angina

    Unstable angina including ECG-changes

    Time frame: 6 months, 12 months, 3 years, and 5 years

  8. Revascularization

    Any coronary artery revascularization

    Time frame: 6 months, 12 months, 3 years, and 5 years

  9. Coronary angiography

    Coronary angiography

    Time frame: 6 months, 12 months, 3 years, and 5 years

  10. Stent thrombosis

    Stent thrombosis

    Time frame: 6 months, 12 months, 3 years, and 5 years

  11. Target lesion failure

    Failure and/or revascularization by percutaneous or surgical methods of the target lesion, including cardiac death, MI, or clinically-driven target lesion revascularization

    Time frame: 6 months, 12 months, 3 years, and 5 years

  12. Cost effectiveness analysis

    Costs related to complete, iFR-guided revascularization versus CMR-guided treatment, including cost utility analysisfrom a societal perspective with the costs per prevented cardiac eventand the costs per QALY as the respective primary health economic outcomes (using a quality of life questionnaire and a health care resource use questionnaire)

    Time frame: 6 and 12 months, 3 and 5 years

  13. Quality of life

    Quality of life is measured by standardized questionnaires, i.e. SAQ, EQ-5D-5L and Minnesota heart failure questionnaire, at 6 and 12 months, 3 and 5 years

    Time frame: From enrolment to 6 and 12 months, 3 and 5 years follow-up

06

Study locations

1 site
  • Radboudumc
    Nijmegen, Netherlands
07

References and documents

Publications

  • Nijveldt R, Maeng M, Beijnink CWH, Piek JJ, Al-Lamee RK, Raposo L, Baptista SB, Escaned J, Davies J, Klem I, Yosofi B, van Geuns RM, Frederiksen CA, Jakobsen L, El Barzouhi A, van der Heijden DJ, Ilhan M, Rasoul S, Brinckman S, Saraber C, Jones DA, Petersen SE, Podlesnikar T, Bunc M, Beijk MAM, Piers LH, van Rees JB, Seligman H, Cole G, Iglesias JF, Degrauwe S, van 't Hof AWJ, Lipsic E, Pundziute-do Prado G, Chattranukulchai P, Rodriguez-Palomares JF, Rigger J, Meuwissen M, Kleijn L, Pereira B, Monti L, van der Schaaf RJ, Sanchis J, Belli G, Tijssen JGP, Thim T, van Royen N; iMODERN Investigators. Immediate or Deferred Nonculprit-Lesion PCI in Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med. 2026 Mar 5;394(10):958-968. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2512918. Epub 2025 Oct 28. PubMed 41159879 ↗
  • Ong P, Martinez Pereyra V, Sechtem U, Bekeredjian R. Management of patients with ST-segment myocardial infarction and multivessel disease: what are the options in 2022? Coron Artery Dis. 2022 Sep 1;33(6):485-489. doi: 10.1097/MCA.0000000000001157. Epub 2022 Jul 11. PubMed 35811565 ↗
  • Beijnink CWH, Thim T, van der Heijden DJ, Klem I, Al-Lamee R, Vos JL, Koop Y, Dijkgraaf MGW, Beijk MAM, Kim RJ, Davies J, Raposo L, Baptista SB, Escaned J, Piek JJ, Maeng M, van Royen N, Nijveldt R. Instantaneous wave-free ratio guided multivessel revascularisation during percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: study protocol of the randomised controlled iMODERN trial. BMJ Open. 2021 Jan 15;11(1):e044035. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044035. PubMed 33452200 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03298659
Lead sponsor
Radboud University Medical Center
Collaborators
Biotronik AG, Stichting Life Sciences & Health, Duke Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Philips Medical Systems
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Oct 2, 2017
Start date
Dec 21, 2017
Primary completion
Oct 28, 2025
Completion
May 31, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Aug 14, 2026

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is active, not recruiting, as verified in Aug 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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