ClinicalTrials.gg
TerminatedNCT03267680Updated Apr 13, 2025Results posted

IRX-2 Regimen in Treating Women With Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia 3 or Squamous Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia 3

A Phase 2 interventional study of Cyclophosphamide and Indomethacin in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ and Vulvar High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion, sponsored by University of Southern California. Terminated at 2 sites in United States. Open to female participants aged 25 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-04-13.

Sponsored by University of Southern California · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

Why this study was terminated
Lack of efficacy

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Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
10
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
25 Years and older
Sex
Female
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-15

Among 109 studies in Uterine Cervical Dysplasia with a site in United States — 10 open to participants now, 14 under way, none of them phase 3. Uterine Cervical Dysplasia · United States.

Enrollment
78th of 86
10 · median 80
Started
2017
with 4 others
Phase 2
25 of 109
2 open now
Registered
84th of 109
by date

Among the 109 studies in Uterine Cervical Dysplasia with a site in United States, this one is the 78th largest by enrollment of the 86 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 5 that started in 2017, is one of 25 in phase 2, and was the 84th registered.

Uterine Cervical Dysplasia

409 studies on the registry are indexed under Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; 76 are open to participants now.

Browse Uterine Cervical Dysplasia studies →

Open to participants now

10 of the 109 studies in Uterine Cervical Dysplasia with a site in United States are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

5 more — sign in →

All 10 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in United States have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in United States →

Who these studies take

Of the 43 Uterine Cervical Dysplasia studies recruiting now, 19 (44%) set no upper age limit and 21 (49%) stop at 75 or younger; 3 take children under 18; 11 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 25 Years and older · female · no healthy volunteers.

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02

Study summary

This randomized phase II trial studies how well an IRX-2 Regimen works in treating women with cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia 3 or squamous vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia 3. The IRX-2 Regimen consists of a single dose of cyclophosphamide, followed by 21 days of indomethacin, zinc-containing multivitamins, and omeprazole. IRX-2, a human cell-derived biologic with multiple active cytokine components, may act as an immune booster to stimulate the immune system. Giving cyclophosphamide and IRX-2 may work better at treating cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia or squamous vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.

Read the detailed description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To compare the proportion of subjects who achieve a pathologic complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) in regimen 1 versus regimen 2 at week 25, based on the resected surgical specimen.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To evaluate the toxicity and feasibility of administration of IRX-2 in subjects with confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3 or vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) 3.

II. To evaluate multiple parameters to assess the activity of the IRX-2 regimen for the treatment of CIN 3 or VIN 3: the occurrence of clinical CRs or PRs at weeks 6, 13 and 25.

III. To evaluate multiple parameters to assess the activity of the IRX-2 regimen for the treatment of CIN 3 or VIN 3: frequency of elimination of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical or vulvar tissue using a commercial HPV genotyping assay and viral load determination by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

IV. To evaluate multiple parameters to assess the activity of the IRX-2 regimen for the treatment of CIN 3 or VIN 3: analysis of the immune infiltrates in the resected surgical specimens.

V. To evaluate multiple parameters to assess the activity of the IRX-2 regimen for the treatment of CIN 3 or VIN 3: immunophenotypic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes.

VI. To evaluate multiple parameters to assess the activity of the IRX-2 regimen for the treatment of CIN 3 or VIN 3: frequency of serum antibodies to HPV E6, E7 and L1 proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

VII. To evaluate multiple parameters to assess the activity of the IRX-2 regimen for the treatment of CIN 3 or VIN 3: ribonucleic acid (RNA) expression profiling of immune-inflammatory markers from post-treatment resected surgical specimens.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms.

Arm I: Patients receive cyclophosphamide intravenously (IV) on day 1 and IRX-2 via submucosal injections in the cervix or subcutaneously (SC) for vulvar lesions on days 4-7. Patients also receive indomethacin orally (PO) three times daily (TID), zinc-containing multivitamins (PO) once daily (QD) and omeprazole orally (PO) on days 1-21.

Arm II: Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV on day 1 and placebo via submucosal injections in the cervix or SC for vulvar lesions on days 4-7. Patients also receive indomethacin PO TID, zinc-containing multivitamins PO QD and omeprazole PO on days 1-21.

In both arms, treatment repeats every 6 weeks for up to 2 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Beginning week 25, patients undergo surgical resection.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 1-8 weeks after surgery.

03

Conditions studied

  • Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ
  • Vulvar High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
25 Years and older
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • confirmed squamous CIN 3, or VIN 3 (usual type only)
  • The subject is either surgically sterile, , or agrees to practice an effective method of as determined by the investigator (to be continued throughout the study period), except that subjects with CIN 3 are not permitted to use a cervical cap or diaphragm for contraception
  • White blood cell > 2,500/ mcL (> 2.5 x 10\^9/L)
  • > 1,000/ microliter (> 1 x 10\^9/L)
  • count > 75,000/ mcL (> 75 x 10\^9/L)
  • >= 8 g/dL (>= 80 g/L) (subjects who have received a transfusion or erythropoietin up to one week prior to receiving the first dose of cyclophosphamide are eligible for the study)
  • International normalized ration () or prothrombin time (PT) \< 1.5 x (upper limit of normal)
  • Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) \< 1.5 x ULN
  • Serum creatinine \< 1.5 x ULN
  • Total \< 2.0 x ULN unless thought to be related to inherited bilirubin conjugation disorder (ie Gilbert?s disease)
  • (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \< 2.5 x ULN
  • The subject is geographically accessible for ongoing follow-up and is committed to comply with the designated visits
  • The subject is capable of understanding and complying with the protocol and has signed the enrollment form at screening

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • For subjects with cervical dysplasia: evidence of atypical glandular cells or adenocarcinoma in situ (ACIS) based on cervical cytology, colposcopy or
  • For subjects with either cervical or vulvar squamous dysplasia: evidence of microinvasive squamous carcinoma based on cytology, colposcopy or biopsy
  • Pregnancy or lactation
  • Allergy to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones (because ciprofloxacin is used in preparation of IRX-2)
  • Allergy to indomethacin (a necessary component of the regimen) or to acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) due to likely allergy cross-reaction
  • Aldara (imiquimod) for the topical treatment of lower genital tract warts or dysplasia within 3 months of study enrollment
  • Known to be positive for -1 (HIV-1) antibody, human immunodeficiency virus-2 (HIV-2) antibody, surface antigen, or virus antibody
  • Known to have other immunodeficiency diseases, including cellular immunodeficiencies, hypogammaglobulinemia, or dysgammaglobulinemia
  • Immunotherapy (eg, interferons, tumor necrosis factor, interleukins) or biological response modifiers (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor) or any drug within 3 months of study enrollment
  • Concurrent treatment with systemic at a dose of >= 5 mg/day of prednisone (or equivalent)
  • Subjects should not take aspirin (except for low-dose aspirin as prescribed for vascular disease) or other non-prescribed, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents from randomization to surgery
  • An infectious process or any other significant illness such as an disease or advanced age that in the opinion of the investigator would compromise the subject?s ability to mount an immune response
  • Impaired hepatic, renal or hematological function, evidenced by:

    • (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), or total >= 2 times (ULN),
    • Serum creatinine >= 2 times ULN, or
  • active cardiovascular disease, including a history of myocardial infarction within the past 6 months, heart failure as defined by classes III or IV, and/or blood pressure greater than 160/90 mm Hg (1 repeat measure allowed no more than 5 minutes after the first measurement)
  • History of severe allergic reaction to insect bites or stings, or to any biologic pharmaceutical product, including compounds similar to the test article
  • Any medical , allergies or previous therapy that would preclude treatment with the components of the IRX-2 regimen, i.e., cyclophosphamide, indomethacin, zinc-containing multivitamins or omeprazole
  • Donation or loss of > 450 mL of blood or plasma within 30 days of randomization
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(21)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Histologically or cytologically confirmed

The diagnosis was confirmed by looking at a sample under a microscope: tissue from a biopsy or surgery (histology), or cells from a fluid or needle sample (cytology).

Your pathology report is the document that shows this.

Postmenopausal

Periods have stopped for good: usually no period for 12 months in a row without another medical reason, sometimes confirmed by a blood test (FSH).

Contraception

Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.

Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.

Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)

The number of neutrophils, white blood cells that help fight infection, in a given amount of blood. Too few raises the risk of infection.

It is a count, not a percentage of the white cells. Limits are written in units that mean the same: ≥ 1.5 × 10⁹/L is ≥ 1,500 per mm³ (µL). Each lab has its own reference range.

Platelets

Blood cells that help blood clot. Too few raises the risk of bleeding and bruising. A usual adult range is about 150–400 × 10⁹/L (150,000–400,000 per µL); each lab has its own reference range.

Hemoglobin (Hb)

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).

INR, PT and aPTT (clotting tests)

Blood tests of how long blood takes to clot. The INR is the prothrombin time (PT) put on a common scale; about 1 is usual for someone not taking a blood thinner.

Criteria often make an exception for people on a blood thinner such as warfarin, whose INR is raised on purpose.

ULN (upper limit of normal)

The top of the normal range for a blood test, as set by the laboratory that runs it. Each lab prints its own range next to your result.

“≤ 2.5 × ULN” means the result can be up to two and a half times that top value.

Bilirubin

A yellow substance made when red blood cells are broken down, which the liver clears. A high level can mean a problem with the liver or the bile ducts.

Criteria often allow more for people with Gilbert’s syndrome, a harmless inherited condition that raises bilirubin.

ALT and AST (liver enzymes)

Two enzymes measured in a routine blood test of the liver. Higher levels can mean the liver is under strain or damaged. SGPT and SGOT are older names for ALT and AST.

Criteria usually give a limit as a multiple of the upper limit of normal (ULN), often higher when cancer has spread to the liver.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Biopsy and archival tissue

A biopsy takes a small piece of tissue to examine. “Archival tissue” is a sample already taken, for example at diagnosis, and kept by the hospital.

Whether a stored sample will do depends on when it was taken, how much there is and what the study needs. Ask whether the study accepts your stored sample or needs a new biopsy.

HIV

The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.

Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.

Hepatitis B tests

Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. These are separate tests: HBsAg positive usually means a current infection (a recent vaccination can briefly cause it too); total anti-HBc (HBcAb) positive means an infection now or in the past; HBV DNA measures how much virus is in the blood.

Some studies accept a past infection if HBV DNA is undetectable, sometimes with antiviral medicine during the study. Check what this study allows.

Hepatitis C tests

Hepatitis C is a virus that infects the liver. An HCV antibody test can stay positive after an infection has cleared (and is occasionally positive without one); an HCV RNA test shows whether the virus is there now.

After treatment, hepatitis C counts as cured when HCV RNA is still undetectable 12 weeks or more after the treatment ended. Studies often accept people cured this way.

Investigational drug or device

A drug or device being studied in a clinical trial.

It may be new, or already approved and being studied for another use, dose or form. Criteria often leave out people who took part in another study of one within a recent period, commonly 30 days or five half-lives.

Corticosteroids (steroids)

Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.

Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.

Autoimmune disease

A condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease.

Immunotherapy studies often leave out active autoimmune disease, and some name exceptions, such as thyroid disease on replacement hormone. Check the exceptions this study lists.

Clinically significant

Judged by the study doctor to matter for your health or for the study. It is a doctor’s decision, so ask the study team if you are unsure whether something counts.

NYHA class (heart failure)

The New York Heart Association’s four classes of how much heart failure limits physical activity.

I
No limits: ordinary activity causes no undue tiredness or breathlessness.
II
Slight limits: comfortable at rest, ordinary activity causes symptoms.
III
Marked limits: comfortable at rest, less than ordinary activity causes symptoms.
IV
Symptoms even at rest; any activity makes them worse.

Studies set their own limit — many outside heart failure leave out class III–IV, while heart failure studies may ask for a particular class. Check the class this study names.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment
10 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Arm I (IRX-2)

    Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV on day 1 and IRX-2 via submucosal injections in the cervix or SC for vulvar lesions on days 4-7. Patients also receive indomethacin PO TID, zinc-containing multivitamins PO QD and omeprazole PO on days 1-21. Treatment repeats every 6 weeks for up to 2 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Beginning week 25, patients undergo surgical resection.

    Drug: Cyclophosphamide · Drug: Indomethacin · Biological: IRX-2 · Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis · Dietary Supplement: Multivitamin · Drug: Omeprazole · Procedure: Therapeutic Conventional Surgery

  • Active comparator
    Arm II (placebo)

    Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV on day 1 and placebo via submucosal injections in the cervix or SC for vulvar lesions on days 4-7. Patients also receive indomethacin PO TID, zinc-containing multivitamins PO QD and omeprazole PO on days 1-21. Treatment repeats every 6 weeks for up to 2 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Beginning week 25, patients undergo surgical resection.

    Drug: Cyclophosphamide · Drug: Indomethacin · Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis · Dietary Supplement: Multivitamin · Drug: Omeprazole · Other: Placebo · Procedure: Therapeutic Conventional Surgery

Interventions

  • Given IV

  • Given PO

  • BiologicalIRX-2

    Given via submucosal injection or SC

  • OtherLaboratory Biomarker Analysis

    Correlative studies

  • Dietary supplementMultivitamin

    Given zinc-containing multivitamin PO

    Also known as: Geritol, Vitamin Supplements (NOS)

  • Given PO

  • OtherPlacebo

    Given via submucosal injections or SC

    Also known as: placebo therapy, sham therapy

  • ProcedureTherapeutic Conventional Surgery

    Undergo surgical resection

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Pathologic Response

    Complete Response (CR) is defined as absence of intraepithelial neoplasia, Partial Response (PR) is defined as a lower grade of dysplasia than present at baseline (for example, grade 3 decreasing to grade 1).

    Time frame: Week 25

Secondary outcomes

  1. Incidence of Adverse Events of IRX-2 Administration

    Will be assessed by the incidence and severity of adverse events, serious adverse events, as classified and graded according to the current version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.

    Time frame: Up to 30 months

07

Results

Posted Apr 13, 2025

Participant flow

The study began recruiting in November 2017 and recruitment ended in August 2023. All participants were seen and treated at USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and/or at LAC+USC Medical Center.

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneArm I (IRX-2)Arm II (Placebo)
Started73
Completed73
Not completed00

Outcome measures

PrimaryPathologic Response

Complete Response (CR) is defined as absence of intraepithelial neoplasia, Partial Response (PR) is defined as a lower grade of dysplasia than present at baseline (for example, grade 3 decreasing to grade 1).

Time frame:
Week 25
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Pathologic Response
ParticipantsArm I (IRX-2)Arm II (Placebo)
Pathologic Complete Response11
Persistent CIN3/VIN362
SecondaryIncidence of Adverse Events of IRX-2 Administration

Will be assessed by the incidence and severity of adverse events, serious adverse events, as classified and graded according to the current version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.

Time frame:
Up to 30 months
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Incidence of Adverse Events of IRX-2 Administration
ParticipantsArm I (IRX-2)Arm II (Placebo)
Grades 1 and 2 Adverse Events73
Grades 3 and 4 Adverse Events00

Adverse events

Collected over 30 months. Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Arm I (IRX-2)0/7 (0%)0/7 (0%)7/7 (100%)
Arm II (Placebo)0/3 (0%)0/3 (0%)3/3 (100%)
Most frequent other events
Showing 10 of 31
Most frequent other events
EventArm I (IRX-2)Arm II (Placebo)
NauseaGastrointestinal disorders6/72/3
FatigueGeneral disorders6/72/3
Pelvic PainReproductive system and breast disorders0/72/3
Abdominal PainGastrointestinal disorders4/71/3
ConstipationGastrointestinal disorders3/70/3
AnorexiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders3/71/3
HeadacheNervous system disorders3/71/3
DiarrheaGastrointestinal disorders0/71/3
ChillsGeneral disorders1/71/3
Injection Site ReactionGeneral disorders2/71/3

Baseline characteristics

All randomized patients are included.

Age, Categorical
Age, Categorical(Participants)Arm I (IRX-2)Arm II (Placebo)Total
<=18 years000
Between 18 and 65 years7310
>=65 years000
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Arm I (IRX-2)Arm II (Placebo)Total
Female7310
Male000
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Arm I (IRX-2)Arm II (Placebo)Total
Hispanic or Latino314
Not Hispanic or Latino426
Unknown or Not Reported000
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Arm I (IRX-2)Arm II (Placebo)Total
American Indian or Alaska Native000
Asian123
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander000
Black or African American000
White617
More than one race000
Unknown or Not Reported000
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(Participants)Arm I (IRX-2)Arm II (Placebo)Total
United States7310
Smoking Status
Smoking Status(Participants)Arm I (IRX-2)Arm II (Placebo)Total
Never Smoke415
Former Smoker314
Current Smoker011
Alcohol Use
Alcohol Use(Participants)Arm I (IRX-2)Arm II (Placebo)Total
Yes415
No325
HPV Status (High Risk Positive)
HPV Status (High Risk Positive)(Participants)Arm I (IRX-2)Arm II (Placebo)Total
Count of participants7310

9 further baseline measures are reported on the registry.

08

Study locations

2 sites
  • USC / Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
    Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
  • University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Cancer Center
    Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
09

References and documents

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

10

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Ran from Nov 2017 to primary completion in Aug 2023, 68 months.

Results were first posted in Apr 2025, 1 year 8 months after primary completion.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Aug 28, 2017
First posted
Aug 30, 2017
StartActual
Nov 8, 2017
Primary completionActual
Aug 4, 2023
CompletionActual
Mar 13, 2024
Results first posted
Apr 13, 2025
Last update
Apr 13, 2025
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Apr 13, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03267680
Collaborators
National Cancer Institute (NCI), Brooklyn ImmunoTherapeutics, LLC
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Aug 30, 2017
Start date
Nov 8, 2017
Primary completion
Aug 4, 2023
Completion
Mar 13, 2024
Results posted
Apr 13, 2025
Last update
Apr 13, 2025

Study contacts

Lynda Roman, MD
principal investigator · University of Southern California

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is terminated, as verified in Mar 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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Studies of the drug tested here: IRX 2

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