ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03266120Updated Jun 6, 2018

Health Benefits of Gardening

An interventional study of Art and Gardening in Anxiety, Depression and Healthy, sponsored by University of Florida. Completed at 2 sites in United States. Open to female participants aged 26 Years to 49 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2018-06-06.

Primary conditionDepressionRegistry: Anxiety DisordersReclassifiedWhy we changed it
Registry
Anxiety Disorders — the first condition term the registry derived for this study.
ClinicalTrials.gg
Depression
Why
  1. The registry often attaches Anxiety Disorders to studies about something else, and this study's title and listed conditions do not name it.
  2. The study's listed conditions name Depression.
Confidence
High: the new condition is named in the study's own listed conditions. Of 351 hand-checked studies reclassified this way, 68% were exactly right and 84% in the right disease family; the registry's first term was right for 5% (measured 2026-10-21). How we classify →
Wrong?
Tell us the study's main condition →

Sponsored by University of Florida · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
36
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
26 Years to 49 Years
Sex
Female
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 13 studies in Depression by University of Florida — 3 open to participants now, 4 under way, 1 of them phase 3. Depression · University of Florida.

Enrollment
6th of 10
36 · median 47
Started
2017
the only one that year
No phase
9 of 13
1 open now
Registered
6th of 13
by date

Among the 13 studies in Depression by University of Florida, this one is the 6th largest by enrollment of the 10 interventional ones that give a count, is the only one that started in 2017, is one of 9 with no phase, and was the 6th registered.

Depression

8,577 studies on the registry are indexed under Depression; 1,720 are open to participants now.

Browse Depression studies →

Open to participants now

3 of the 13 studies in Depression by University of Florida are open now, in 1 country. Recruiting first, the newest first:

By country, each count listing its studies:

All 3 open studies →

Where they have run

Who these studies take

Of the 1,088 Depression studies recruiting now, 469 (43%) set no upper age limit and 519 (48%) stop at 75 or younger; 203 take children under 18; 310 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 26 Years to 49 Years · female · healthy volunteers too.

The full table on the hub →

This tab as a report to print or save as PDF → With an account.

Was this useful?
Watch this landscapeDownload CSVNarrow it in search →With an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 13 studies in Depression by University of Florida, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

The objective of the research is to test the hypothesis that participating in group-based gardening or group-based art activities may alter the mental health and cardiac physiological status of a wellness population of women ages 26-49. Assessment of the effects of gardening or art activities on the experimental population will take two approaches, the first being the use of physiological measurements of heart rate and blood pressure. The second approach will employ six widely used and well-established self-reported assessment instruments that will capture information about the health and well-being of participants. These measurements and assessments will provide a psychometrically-based before and after mental health status and between treatments health summaries of the participants in the gardening group and those engaged in the art group activities.

Read the detailed description

The goal of this project is to better understand how interacting and working with plants in a group gardening activities program in a greenhouse, or a group art program that takes place indoors and is devoid of images or depictions of plants influences the overall health and well-being of participants.

A total anticipated study population (N = 40) will consist of up to 20 healthy women randomly assigned to the art activities group, and up to 20 healthy women assigned to the gardening group. There will be measurements of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and psychometric assessments including satisfaction of social activities at baseline and post intervention. Heart rate and blood pressure measurements will be taken at the beginning and end of each of the eight gardening or arts sessions. Psychometric assessments of study participants will be conducted at baseline and post-intervention. Each treatment group will be divided into two smaller groups of up to ten women each that will receive the gardening or art interventions on different days of the week. The participants in the gardening or art groups will receive an experimental intervention consisting of 8 gardening or art sessions, each approximately 60 minutes in duration over a four week treatment period. Gardening and art sessions will take place at the same time of day twice each week, and follow a standardized programming sequence to ensure equivalency of intervention across all sessions. Ambient environmental conditions in the greenhouse during the gardening sessions will be monitored and recorded. The gardening activities will emphasize growing plants from seeds, plant propagation techniques, transplanting, and plant-mediated taste, visual, olfactory and touch sensory stimulation. All gardening sessions will begin with a short educational module introducing the plants and gardening activities taking place during each session. Art activities will include papermaking, image transfer, visual storytelling, linocut printmaking, paper batik, mixed media collage, and sensation drawing, and begin with a short educational module of the activity.

In addition to the pre- and post-intervention assessments and measurement, psychometric assessments will be administered for depression symptomatology, mood states and perceived stress at specific points during the gardening and art activities to evaluate any changes over time resulting from the interventions. Participant heart rate and blood pressure measurements will be made at the beginning and at the end of all gardening and art sessions.

03

Conditions studied

  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Healthy
  • Mood Disturbance
  • Stress
  • Quality of Life
  • Physical Activity
  • Social Interaction

Browse trials for

Keywords

  • Gardening
  • Therapeutic Arts
  • Therapeutic Horticulture
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Mood States
  • Quality of Life
  • Social Interactions
  • Stress
  • Wellness
04

In context

Depression Reclassified

8,577 studies on the registry are indexed under Depression; 1,720 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 36 is below the median of 81 across 7,063 interventional studies indexed under Depression.

Browse Depression studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Florida is the lead sponsor of 1,287 studies on the registry; 199 are open to participants now.

Of its 180 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 143 (79%) have results posted.

Compared within Depression, this study's primary condition as ClinicalTrials.gg classifies it; the registry's first condition term is Anxiety Disorders. The counts are of registry records indexed under each term, refreshed daily. How we classify →

05

Who can participate

Ages eligible
26 Years to 49 Years
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Premenopausal women
  • 26 - 49 years of age
  • Not pregnant
  • Non-gardener
  • Non-artist
  • Non-smoker
  • Good Health
  • Able to participate in all aspects of the study, including working with plants.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Uncomfortable in close spaces (claustrophobia)
  • Allergies to plants
  • Allergies to plant parts like pollen
  • Allergies to plant-based foods
  • No additions to alcohol or to recreational drugs or prescription medications
  • Not suffering from recurring pain, and
  • No diseases, disorders or disabilities that affect daily life.
06

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
36 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Art Intervention

    Participants randomly assigned to this arm will receive a hands-on art intervention that will consist of twice weekly group sessions of approximately 60 minutes each in duration that will take place indoors over a period of four weeks for a total of eight art sessions. Participants will complete sets of self-report psychometric assessments and blood pressure and heart rate will be monitored before, during, and following the conclusion of the intervention.

    Other: Art

  • Experimental
    Gardening Intervention

    Participants randomly assigned to this arm will receive a hands-on gardening intervention that will consist of twice weekly group sessions of approximately 60 minutes each in duration that will take place in a greenhouse over a period of four weeks for a total of eight gardening sessions. Participants will complete sets of self-report psychometric assessments and blood pressure and heart rate will be monitored before, during, and following the conclusion of the intervention.

    Other: Gardening

Interventions

  • OtherArt

    Participants will receive a hands-on art activities intervention consisting of two art activities sessions each week lasting approximately 60 minutes each in duration for four weeks for a total of eight sessions. Art activities will include hand papermaking, image transfer, visual storytelling, linocut printmaking, paper batik, mixed media collage, and sensation drawing based activities. Participants will complete sets of self-report psychometric assessments before, during, and following the art intervention. Heart rate and blood pressure will be monitored before, during, and following completion of the art intervention.

  • OtherGardening

    Participants will receive a hands-on gardening intervention consisting of two gardening sessions each week lasting approximately 60 minutes each in duration for four weeks, for a total of eight sessions. Gardening activities will include planting seeds, bulbs and tubers, transplanting seedlings, vegetative propagation and sight, smell, taste and touch sensory based activities. Participants will complete sets of self-report psychometric assessments before, during, and following the gardening intervention. Heart rate and blood pressure will be monitored before, during, and following completion of the gardening intervention.

    Also known as: Horticulture, People-Plant Interactions

07

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Biometric Changes in Heart Rate

    Heart rate will be monitored using a portable electronic wrist cuff monitor. Participant heart rate will be measured at the beginning and end of each Individual treatment session, and before the beginning and after the completion of the entire treatment interventions.

    Time frame: Baseline, up to 5 weeks

  2. Biometric Changes in Blood Pressure

    Blood pressure will be monitored using a portable electronic wrist cuff blood pressure monitor that records systolic and diastolic pressure. Participant blood pressure measurements will be recorded before and after each individual treatment session, and before the beginning and after the completion of the entire treatment interventions.

    Time frame: Baseline, up to 5 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. Biometric Changes in Overall Health Status

    The SF-36v2 Health Survey assessment instrument (Ware and Sherbourne 1992; Hays et al 1993) will be used to evaluate eight scales that link to physical and mental health over a 4-week recall interval. This will reveal whether engaging in gardening activities will or will not result in changes in the overall health status based on instrument's physical and mental health subcomponent assessments of the gardening treatment group compared to the control group. The overall assessment scale for the SF-36 ranges from a low of 36 to a high of 400, with the U.S. norm being 314.

    Time frame: Baseline, up to 5 weeks

  2. Biometric Changes in Depressive Symptomatology

    The study protocol will use the Beck Depression Inventory 2nd edition (BDI-II) (Beck et al 1988) with a recall interval of 2-weeks to gain insight relative to the intensity of depression. This assessment will determine whether engaging in gardening will or will not result in changes in depressive symptomatology of the gardening treatment group relative to the control group. The assessment scale for the Beck BDI ranges from a low of 10 to a high of 63. Scores 0-13 indicate minimal depressive symptomatology and above 19 up to 63 moderate to severe depressive symptomatology.

    Time frame: Baseline, up to 5 weeks

  3. Biometric Changes in State Anxiety

    The State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) instrument (Form Y) (Spielberger et al 1983) will be used in this study to gain insight regarding the relative intensity of anxiety being experienced by the gardening treatment group relative to the control group. The STAI reports on "at this moment" status. The STAI assessment will seek to determine whether engaging in gardening will or will not result in changes in State Anxiety status of the participants. The overall assessment scale for the STAI-Y ranges from a low of 20 to a high of 80, with higher scores indicating greater intensity of anxiety.

    Time frame: Baseline, up to 5 weeks

  4. Biometric Changes in Mood States

    The study protocol will employ the Profile of Mood States 2nd edition short form for adults instrument (POMS2-AS) with an immediate recall interval (McNair et al 1981; Shacham 1983) to gain insight of the relative to transient and fluctuating moods and enduring states of affect. The POMS2-AS will assess whether engaging in gardening activities will or will not result in changes in mood and enduring states of affect status of the gardening treatment group relative to the control group, both during and following the completion of the gardening activities treatment regimen. The assessment scale for the POMS2-AS ranges from 5 to a high of 100 per scale .

    Time frame: Baseline, up to 5 weeks

  5. Biometric Changes in Perceived Stress

    The study will use the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (Cohen et al 1983) with a recall interval of 4-weeks to gain insight relative to the intensity of perceived stress. This assessment will determine whether engaging in gardening activities will or will not result in changes in the perceived stress levels of the gardening treatment group relative to the control group. The assessment scale for the Perceived Stress Scale ranges from a low of 0 to a high of 40, indicating higher stress at higher scores. The norm score for women is 13.7.

    Time frame: Baseline, up to 5 weeks

  6. Biometric Changes in Satisfaction in Social Activities

    The study will use the The Satisfaction with Participation in Discretionary Social Activities (SPDSA) PROMIS short form v1.0 instrument to assess contentment with participants' leisure time and affairs with friends, and encompasses a recall interval of one week (Hahn et al 2010)

    Time frame: Baseline, up to 5 weeks

08

Study locations

2 sites
  • Fifield and Merhof Halls
    Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
  • Wilmot Gardens Conference Center and Greenhouse
    Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992 Jun;30(6):473-83. PubMed 1593914 ↗
  • Hays RD, Sherbourne CD, Mazel RM. The RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0. Health Econ. 1993 Oct;2(3):217-27. doi: 10.1002/hec.4730020305. PubMed 8275167 ↗
  • Beck, AT, Steer RA, Garbin MG. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review 1988 (8):77-100.
  • Spielberger, CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene R. The State-Trait Personality Inventory STAI-Y, form Y. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto. 1983
  • McNair PM, Lorr M, Droppleman LF. POMS manual (2nd ed.). San Diego: Educational and Industrial Testing Service. 1981.
  • Shacham S. A shortened version of the Profile of Mood States. J Pers Assess. 1983 Jun;47(3):305-6. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4703_14. PubMed 6886962 ↗
  • Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983 Dec;24(4):385-96. No abstract available. PubMed 6668417 ↗
  • Hahn EA, Beaumont JL, Pilkonis PA, Garcia SF, Magasi S, DeWalt DA, Cella D. The PROMIS satisfaction with social participation measures demonstrated responsiveness in diverse clinical populations. J Clin Epidemiol. 2016 May;73:135-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.08.034. Epub 2016 Feb 27. PubMed 26931288 ↗
  • Odeh R, Diehl ERM, Nixon SJ, Tisher CC, Klempner D, Sonke JK, Colquhoun TA, Li Q, Espinosa M, Perdomo D, Rosario K, Terzi H, Guy CL. A pilot randomized controlled trial of group-based indoor gardening and art activities demonstrates therapeutic benefits to healthy women. PLoS One. 2022 Jul 6;17(7):e0269248. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269248. eCollection 2022. PubMed 35793277 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

10

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Aug 2017 to primary completion in Nov 2017, 3 months.

Of 3,468 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Depression, half reached primary completion within 21 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 41. This study's 3 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 3,566 studies reached it within 21 months; a quarter within 9 and three quarters within 41.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Aug 24, 2017
First posted
Aug 29, 2017
StartActual
Aug 3, 2017
Primary completionActual
Nov 9, 2017
CompletionActual
Jan 15, 2018
Last update
Jun 6, 2018
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 6, 2018, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03266120
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Aug 29, 2017
Start date
Aug 3, 2017
Primary completion
Nov 9, 2017
Completion
Jan 15, 2018
Last update
Jun 6, 2018

Study contacts

Charles L Guy, PhD
principal investigator · University of Florida

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jun 2018. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion