ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03264521PECSUpdated Feb 26, 2021

Patient Engagement Via Crowdsourcing

An observational study in Chronic Low Back Pain, sponsored by RAND. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 21 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-02-26.

Sponsored by RAND · Observational

Help build ClinicalTrials.gg — short surveys, remote interviews or testing, in your language. Take part →

Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
8,193
Ages
21 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-14

Among 154 studies in Patient Participation with a site in United States — 27 open to participants now, 31 under way, none of them phase 3. Patient Participation · United States.

Enrollment
Largest of 15
8,193 · median 257
Started
2017
the only one that year
Observational
15 of 154
2 open now
Registered
42nd of 154
by date

Among the 154 studies in Patient Participation with a site in United States, this one has the largest enrollment of the 15 observational ones that give a count, is the only one that started in 2017, is one of 15 observational ones, and was the 42nd registered.

Patient Participation

409 studies on the registry are indexed under Patient Participation; 100 are open to participants now.

Browse Patient Participation studies →

Open to participants now

27 of the 154 studies in Patient Participation with a site in United States are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

22 more — sign in →

All 27 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in United States have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in United States →

Who these studies take

Of the 48 Patient Participation studies recruiting now, 32 (67%) set no upper age limit and 9 (19%) stop at 75 or younger; 10 take children under 18; 11 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 21 Years and older · all sexes · healthy volunteers too.

The full table on the hub →

This tab as a report to print or save as PDF → With an account.

Was this useful?
Watch this landscapeDownload CSVNarrow it in search →With an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 154 studies in Patient Participation with a site in United States, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

The study aims to advance pain research by exploring feasibility of crowdsourcing patient pain data via Amazon Mechanical Turk, the largest and most studied crowdsourcing platform in the U.S. We will leverage an existing NIH/NCCIH grant as a comparison data (RAND Center of Excellence in Research on CAM; CERC) to conduct a feasibility study of new methods for gathering and analyzing data on chronic pain and engaging pain patients in health policy.

Read the detailed description

The study aims to advance the pain research by exploring the crowdsourcing approach for eliciting and analyzing the way in which individuals experience and understand chronic pain. Investigators will leverage an existing NIH/NCCIH grant (RAND Center of Excellence in Research on CAM; CERC) to conduct a feasibility study of new methods for gathering and analyzing data on chronic pain and engaging pain patients in health policy processes through three specific aims:

Aim 1 (Inclusion): Gain access to chronic pain patients using crowdsourcing platform Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). This aim explores whether crowdsourcing provides a credible method for patient inclusion. People with low back pain will be accessed via the crowdsourcing platform MTurk and asked to take health surveys that were also administered to a national clinical sample of chiropractic patients within a RAND study. Equivalency of validated, self-reported measures of low back pain obtained from crowdsourced versus "gold standard" data from the RAND study will be assessed. Similarities and differences between demographics and other pain and function variables between crowdsourced and RAND data will be analyzed. Subsamples of crowdsourced data will be analyzed to assess reliability of the extent to which data yields the same results across repeated crowdsourced samples.

Aim 2 (Participation): Engage chronic pain patients in inclusion criteria setting for national pain treatment programs. This aim will intends to facilitate patient participation in NIH criteria-setting for program inclusion. Crowdsourced patients will assist with qualitative coding of data responses to the question, "What does chronic pain mean to you?" Investigators will explore whether crowdsourcing provides a valid method by which coding may be conducted, first measuring reliability across crowd samples, second testing the accuracy of participant coding as compared with expert coders at RAND Corporation. A method of assessing face validity will be tested as participants may create additional codes and give feedback by rating the importance of each dimension.

Aim 3: Assess efficiency and quality of crowdsourced data as compared to CERC data. Investigators will draw quantitative comparisons of cost (labor/incentives), time, data quality (amount of text, missing data) across online crowdsourced and CERC study samples.

The proposed study utilizes the resources of an existing NIH grant by exploring the feasibility of using innovative online methods for eliciting patient perspectives on chronic pain and for engaging patients in analyses procedures. The study provides an opportunity to determine whether patient chronic pain experiences and perspectives can be gathered through crowdsourcing using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), in a valid, replicable, and resource efficient way. Although focused on chronic low back pain, the study findings will have broad implications for patient engagement more generally. If the crowdsourcing methods produce data that is comparable to "gold standard" methods used in the RAND Study entitled, "Center of Excellence in Research on Chiropractic" (RAND/CERC Study), this new experimental system has the potential to provide low-cost and time-efficient methods to advance democratically-oriented research, evaluation, policy and ultimately patient-centered clinical care.

03

Conditions studied

  • Chronic Low Back Pain

Browse trials for

Keywords

  • Crowdsourcing
  • Patient Engagement
  • Chiropractic
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
21 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Participants of Amazon Mechanical Turk crowdsourcing platform with chronic low back pain who utilize chiropractic care.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • At least 3 months of low back pain or self-reported chronic low back pain
  • Utilized chiropractic care for treating back pain

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Under 21 years of age
  • No open legal or workers compensation case related to condition
  • No diagnosis from provider of medical condition, so must be non-specific low back pain.
05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
8,193 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • MTurk Participants

    Participants who are registered users on Amazon Mechanical Turk (crowdsourcing platform) who volunteer to take survey.

    Other: Surveys

Interventions

  • OtherSurveys

    Web surveys about experiences with chronic low back pain, demographics, coding qualitative text.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. ODI Score

    Oswestry Disability Index: Validated low back pain function scale (0-100)

    Time frame: day 1

  2. PROMIS-29

    Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, 29 items, Version 2: Validated, self-reported measure of global, physical, mental, and social health for adults in the general population and those living with a chronic condition.

    Time frame: day 1

  3. Average Pain NRS (0-10)

    Numeric Rating Scale for pain intensity: Average pain in past seven days (0-10)

    Time frame: day 1

  4. Worst Pain NRS (0-10)

    Numeric Rating Scale for pain intensity: worse pain in past seven days (0-10)

    Time frame: day 1

Secondary outcomes

  1. Demographics

    Gender, Age, Race/Ethnicity, Education, Income, Employment Status,

    Time frame: day 1

07

Study locations

1 site
  • RAND Corporation
    Santa Monica, California 90407, United States
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Ran from Jan 2017 to primary completion in Dec 2017, 10 months.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jul 25, 2017
First posted
Aug 29, 2017
StartActual
Jan 23, 2017
Primary completionActual
Dec 22, 2017
CompletionActual
May 30, 2018
Last update
Feb 26, 2021
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Feb 26, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03264521
Lead sponsor
RAND
Collaborators
Claremont Graduate University
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Aug 29, 2017
Start date
Jan 23, 2017
Primary completion
Dec 22, 2017
Completion
May 30, 2018
Last update
Feb 26, 2021

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Feb 2021. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion