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CompletedNCT02920853Updated Aug 21, 2018

Enhanced Biofeedback for Musculoskeletal Pain

An interventional study of Biofeedback Training (BT-CPR) and Biofeedback Training in Musculoskeletal Pain, sponsored by University of Tulsa. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2018-08-21.

Sponsored by University of Tulsa · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
6
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to assess whether a novel, enhanced form of biofeedback can help individuals regulate their chronic musculoskeletal pain more effectively.

Read the detailed description

Relaxation is a low-cost treatment for managing pain with little or no side effects. The proposed study will use a novel biofeedback treatment to try and enhance the capacity of relaxation to engage pain inhibitory circuits. Specifically, a biofeedback system (Biofeedback Training for Conditioned Pain Regulation, BT-CPR) will be used to monitor the participant's level of sympathetic arousal and will use this to control the intensity of painful stimulations delivered to the participant during biofeedback training. Thus, when the participant successfully relaxes (and reduces their arousal), the intensity is lowered and produces pain relief. Efficacy of the treatment will be tested in a small, randomized controlled trial in which individuals with a verified diagnosis of chronic musculoskeletal pain will receive 10 treatment sessions, or 10 sessions of a control condition (traditional biofeedback, to control for the effects of relaxation on pain). The aim will be to assess whether the treatment results in improvements in clinical pain outcomes (e.g., pain intensity, quality of life, pain interference) and psychosocial variables (e.g., coping, self-efficacy, mood).

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Conditions studied

  • Musculoskeletal Pain

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Keywords

  • chronic pain
03

In context

Musculoskeletal Pain

493 studies on the registry are indexed under Musculoskeletal Pain; 113 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 6 is below the median of 69 across 346 interventional studies indexed under Musculoskeletal Pain.

Browse Musculoskeletal Pain studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Tulsa is the lead sponsor of 11 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Adults (18 years or older) with a verified diagnosis of chronic musculoskeletal pain and currently experiencing pain

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • under 18 years of age (given the nature of the treatment study)
  • if female, currently pregnant
  • persistent feelings of numbness in hands and feet
  • difficulty being able to feel or sense things
  • lack of access to a computer or smartphone (to complete electronic pain diaries)
  • injuries that prevent sensor application
  • use of narcotic pain medications with 48 hours of treatment sessions
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Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
6 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    BT-CPR

    Participants will receive training in relaxation and biofeedback to develop skills in relaxation/arousal reduction, and pain reduction. Then they will practice relaxing and reducing their arousal as they view graphical arousal feedback. Electric stimulations will be delivered throughout the biofeedback training to provide pain relief when relaxation is achieved.

    Behavioral: Biofeedback Training (BT-CPR)

  • Active comparator
    Biofeedback-Only

    Participants will receive training in relaxation and biofeedback to develop skills in relaxation/arousal reduction, and pain reduction. Then they will practice relaxing and reducing their arousal as they view graphical arousal feedback.

    Behavioral: Biofeedback Training

Interventions

  • BehavioralBiofeedback Training (BT-CPR)

    Participants will receive biofeedback training (which will include electric stimulations) to reduce arousal and pain

  • BehavioralBiofeedback Training

    Participants will receive biofeedback training to reduce arousal and pain

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Changes in clinical pain

    Self-report ratings of pain intensity, rated using 0-10 Likert-type scales, (i.e., 0 = no pain; 10 = most intense pain).

    Time frame: Assessed daily via electronic diaries starting 1 week prior to session 1 and ending 1 week after session 10 (up to 11 weeks)

  2. Changes in psychosocial outcomes

    Self-report ratings of pain interference, mood, sleep quality, and coping. These items are rated using 0-10 Likert-type scales, (e.g., 0 = no change; 10 = extreme change) with higher values indicating an increase in the variable assessed on a particular item (e.g., interference with daily activities).

    Time frame: Assessed daily via electronic diaries starting 1 week prior to session 1 and ending 1 week after session 10 (up to 11 weeks)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Changes in reactions to painful stimuli

    Subjective ratings of painful stimuli

    Time frame: Assessed immediately before the first treatment session (Time 1) and immediately after (Time 2) the last treatment session (approximately 10 weeks from Time 1).

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Study locations

1 site
  • University of Tulsa
    Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
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References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 21, 2018, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02920853
Lead sponsor
University of Tulsa
Responsible party
Jamie Rhudy (Professor, University of Tulsa) — Principal investigator
First posted
Sep 30, 2016
Start date
Sep 2016
Primary completion
Aug 2018
Completion
Aug 2018
Last update
Aug 21, 2018

Study contacts

Jamie L Rhudy, PhD
principal investigator · The University of Tulsa

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Aug 2018. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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