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CompletedNCT02752386Updated Sep 26, 2019

Biofeedback Training to Control Pain Processing

An interventional study of Biofeedback Training in Pain, sponsored by University of Tulsa. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2019-09-26.

Sponsored by University of Tulsa · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
94
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to test whether a novel form of biofeedback training can help individuals regulate their pain more effectively.

Read the detailed description

Relaxation is a low-cost treatment for managing pain with little or no side effects. The proposed study will use a novel biofeedback procedure to try to enhance the ability of relaxation to engage pain inhibition. Specifically, a biofeedback system will be used to provide training in conditioned pain regulation. The biofeedback system will monitor the trainee's level of sympathetic arousal and use it to control the intensity of painful stimulations delivered to the trainee during biofeedback. So when the trainee successfully relaxes (and reduced arousal), the intensity is lowered and produces pain relief. Efficacy of the training will be tested in a randomized controlled trial in which healthy, pain-free trainees are assigned to receive 3 training sessions or 3 sessions of a control procedure (2 other procedures will serve as controls; 3 groups total). The aim will be to assess whether the training results in inhibition of experimental pain and the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR, a physiological marker of spinal pain signaling) to determine whether brain-to-spinal cord inhibitory circuits are engaged.

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Conditions studied

  • Pain
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In context

Lead sponsor

University of Tulsa is the lead sponsor of 11 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • healthy pain free individuals over the age of 18.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • under 18 years of age (given the nature of the study)
  • history of serious cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, or neurological disorders
  • hypertension (due to a relationship between blood pressure and pain);5 4) history of chronic pain
  • current opioid, antidepressant, or anxiolytic medication use
  • psychosis or apparent cognitive impairment
  • body mass index>35 (due to difficulty eliciting an NFR in persons with high adiposity)
  • inability to understand and read English (questionnaires and consent form are in English)
  • recent use of an over-the-counter pain medication (within the last 24 hours) or narcotic medication (within the last two weeks)
  • history of panic attacks. No one will be excluded based on ethnic, racial, or gender characteristics.
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Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
94 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Biofeedback Training 1

    Participants will receive brief training in relaxation and biofeedback to develop basic skills in relaxation/arousal reduction. Then they will receive instructions to relax and reduce arousal as they view graphical arousal feedback. Electric stimulations will be delivered throughout the biofeedback to provide pain relief when relaxation is achieved.

    Behavioral: Biofeedback Training

  • Active comparator
    Biofeedback Training 2

    Participants will receive brief training in relaxation and biofeedback to develop basic skills in relaxation/arousal reduction. Then they will receive instructions to relax and reduce arousal as they view graphical arousal feedback. Electric stimulations will be delivered throughout the biofeedback to provide a painful context in which to practice relaxing.

    Behavioral: Biofeedback Training

  • Active comparator
    Biofeedback Training 3

    Participants will receive brief training in relaxation and biofeedback to develop basic skills in relaxation/arousal reduction. Then they will receive instructions to relax and reduce arousal as they view graphical arousal feedback.

    Behavioral: Biofeedback Training

Interventions

  • BehavioralBiofeedback Training

    Participants will received biofeedback training to reduce arousal and pain

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in nociceptive flexion reflex threshold

    physiological marker of pain processing

    Time frame: Assessed at the beginning and end of each of the 3 biofeedback training days

  2. Change in temporal summation of pain

    marker of pain facilitation (change in pain rating 0-100 that occurs in response to a mechanical stimulus series)

    Time frame: Assessed at the beginning and end of each of the 3 biofeedback training days

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Study locations

1 site
  • University of Tulsa
    Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
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References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 26, 2019, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02752386
Lead sponsor
University of Tulsa
Responsible party
Jamie Rhudy (Professor, University of Tulsa) — Principal investigator
First posted
Apr 27, 2016
Start date
Feb 2016
Primary completion
Jul 2018
Completion
Jul 31, 2018
Last update
Sep 26, 2019

Study contacts

Jamie L Rhudy, PhD
principal investigator · The University of Tulsa

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Sep 2019. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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