ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT02913521Updated Feb 26, 2021Results posted

Bioequivalence Study With Clinical Endpoint for Diclofenac Sodium Topical Gel 1%

A Phase 3 interventional study of Diclofenac Sodium Gel 1% and Voltaren Gel in Osteoarthritis, Knee, sponsored by Akorn, Inc.. Completed at 51 sites in 6 countries. Open to participants aged 35 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-02-26.

Sponsored by Akorn, Inc. · Phase 3, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
934
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
35 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group, Three-Arm, Multi-Site Study to Evaluate the Therapeutic Equivalence of Diclofenac Sodium Topical Gel 1% (Hi-Tech Pharmacal Co., Inc.) With Voltaren® Gel (Diclofenac Sodium Topical Gel) 1% (Novartis) in Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee

02

Conditions studied

  • Osteoarthritis, Knee
03

In context

Osteoarthritis, Knee

3,292 studies on the registry are indexed under Osteoarthritis, Knee; 623 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 934 is above the median of 68 across 2,714 interventional studies indexed under Osteoarthritis, Knee.

Browse Osteoarthritis, Knee studies →

Lead sponsor

Akorn, Inc. is the lead sponsor of 4 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
35 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  1. Ambulatory male and non-pregnant females 35 years and older diagnosed with osteoarthritis according to the American College of Rheumatology Criteria (ACR) in one knee. Target knee is the one with higher level of pain.

    ACR Criteria includes: Knee Pain and at least 3 of the following: age ≥ 50, stiffness lasting \< 30 mins, bony tenderness, crepitus, bony enlargement, and no palpable warmth.

  2. Symptom onset of > 6 Months prior to Screening for the target knee.
  3. If female and of , prepare to abstain from sexual intercourse or use a reliable method of during the study (e.g., IUD, oral, transdermal, injected, implanted hormonal contraceptives or condom + spermicide).
  4. Periarticular knee pain due to osteoarthritis (not bursitis, tendonitis etc.) that required the use of oral or topical treatments (e.g., NSAIDs or acetaminophen).
  5. Radiograph of the target knee within the previous year with a Grade 1, 2 or 3 disease based upon the Kellgren-Lawrence disease severity scale.
  6. After a minimum of 7-day wash out of all pain medication has Baseline pain on movement score of ≥ 50mm on a 0-100-mm Visual Analogue Scale for the target knee.
  7. After a minimum of 7-day wash out of all pain medication has Baseline WOMAC Pain sub scale of ≥ 9 on a 5 question, 5 point (0 to 4) Likert scale for the target knee.
  8. Willing and able to use only acetaminophen as rescue medication.
  9. Willing and able to comply with the study requirements.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Females who are pregnant, breast feeding, or planning a pregnancy.
  2. Radiograph of the target knee within the previous year with a Grade 4 score on the Kellgren-Lawrence disease severity scale.
  3. History of osteoarthritis in the contralateral knee requiring medication (OTC or prescription) within 12 months of screening.
  4. After a minimum of 7-day wash out of all pain medication has Baseline pain on movement score of ≥ 20mm on a 0-100-mm Visual Analogue Scale for the contralateral knee immediately prior to randomization.
  5. Known history of secondary osteoarthritis (e.g. congenital, traumatic, gouty arthritis) of the knee or rheumatoid arthritis.
  6. Known history of other chronic inflammatory diseases, (e.g., colitis) or fibromyalgia during last 5 years. Patients whose disease was diagnosed at least 5 (five) years prior to screening visit and have had no known disease activity (i.e., no disease related complaints nor disease treatment prescribed) since then may enter into the study.
  7. History of asthma, hypertension, myocardial infarction, thrombotic events, stroke, congestive heart failure, impaired renal function or liver disease. Patients who have had high blood pressure measured at least 2 (two) years prior to screening visit and have had no disease activity (i.e., no record of hypertension or anti-hypertensive treatment prescribed) for at least 2 (two) years prior to screening visit may enter into the study.
  8. History of coronary artery bypass graft within 6 months of screening.
  9. Concomitant acetylsalicylic acid therapy other than a stable low dose used for cardiac prophylaxis (max. 162 mg daily) taken for at least 3 months prior to enrollment and maintained throughout the duration of the study.
  10. Use of warfarin or other anticoagulant therapy within 30 days of screening.
  11. Use of ACE inhibitors, cyclosporine, diuretics, lithium or methotrexate, within 30 days of screening or during the study.
  12. Known history of gastrointestinal bleeding or peptic ulcer disease.
  13. Abnormal screening clinical laboratory evaluations which the Investigator deems .
  14. Known allergy to aspirin or NSAIDs.
  15. Skin lesions or wounds in the affected area.
  16. Significant (requiring surgery) injury or major knee surgery to either knee within six months prior to screening.
  17. Transaminase levels that are more than two times the at screening.
  18. Any other acute or chronic illness that in the opinion of the investigator could compromise the integrity of study data or place the Patient at risk by participating in the study.
  19. Concomitant use of (any formulation) or use within 30 days of study randomization.
  20. Receipt of any drug as part of a research study within 30 days prior to screening.
  21. Previous randomization into this study.
  22. Known allergy () to acetaminophen.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(6)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Childbearing potential

Able to become pregnant: from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery (removal of the womb, or of both ovaries or both fallopian tubes).

Criteria for people of childbearing potential usually ask for a negative pregnancy test and for contraception during the study and for a time after it.

Contraception

Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.

Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.

Clinically significant

Judged by the study doctor to matter for your health or for the study. It is a doctor’s decision, so ask the study team if you are unsure whether something counts.

ULN (upper limit of normal)

The top of the normal range for a blood test, as set by the laboratory that runs it. Each lab prints its own range next to your result.

“≤ 2.5 × ULN” means the result can be up to two and a half times that top value.

Corticosteroids (steroids)

Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.

Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.

Hypersensitivity

An allergy, or another reaction of the immune system, to a substance. “Hypersensitivity to the study drug” means a known allergic reaction to it — not every side effect a medicine can have.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Triple (Participant, Care provider, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
934 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Diclofenac Sodium Gel 1%

    Apply 4 g of gel to the knee four times a day

    Drug: Diclofenac Sodium Gel 1%

  • Active comparator
    Voltaren Gel

    Apply 4 g of gel to the knee four times a day

    Drug: Voltaren Gel

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebo

    Apply 4 g of gel to the knee four times a day

    Drug: Placebo

Interventions

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Mean Change From Baseline to Week 8 in WOMAC Pain Scale, Bioequivalence of Test to Reference.

    WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index. The higher number is more pain. Change from baseline to Week 8 as indicated in the title. Scale is 5 questions with a scale of 0-4, higher number is more pain. Therefore, if you have 5 questions and the max score for each is 4, the maximum number on the scale is 20 (5 questions x 4 units on the scale = 20).

    Time frame: 8 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. An Evaluation to Determine Superiority of Test and Reference Against Placebo in the Mean Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Total WOMAC Pain Score.

    WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index. The higher number is more pain. Change from baseline to Week 8 as indicated in the title. Scale is 5 questions with a scale of 0-4, higher number is more pain. Therefore, if you have 5 questions and the max score for each is 4, the maximum number on the scale is 20 (5 questions x 4 units on the scale = 20).

    Time frame: 8 weeks

  2. Incidences of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events

    Time frame: 8 weeks

  3. Incidences of Abnormal Vital Signs

    Time frame: 8 weeks

  4. Clinically Significant Changes From Baseline in Physical Examination Results

    Time frame: 8 weeks

07

Results

Posted Feb 26, 2021

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneDiclofenac Sodium Gel 1%Voltaren GelPlacebo
Started316312306
Completed263262261
Not completed535045

Outcome measures

PrimaryMean Change From Baseline to Week 8 in WOMAC Pain Scale, Bioequivalence of Test to Reference.

WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index. The higher number is more pain. Change from baseline to Week 8 as indicated in the title. Scale is 5 questions with a scale of 0-4, higher number is more pain. Therefore, if you have 5 questions and the max score for each is 4, the maximum number on the scale is 20 (5 questions x 4 units on the scale = 20).

Time frame:
8 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Mean Change From Baseline to Week 8 in WOMAC Pain Scale, Bioequivalence of Test to Reference.
units on a scaleDiclofenac Sodium Gel 1%Voltaren GelPlacebo
Mean Change From Baseline to Week 8 in WOMAC Pain Scale, Bioequivalence of Test to Reference.6.8 ± 2.16.7 ± 2.35.9 ± 2.4
SecondaryAn Evaluation to Determine Superiority of Test and Reference Against Placebo in the Mean Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Total WOMAC Pain Score.

WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index. The higher number is more pain. Change from baseline to Week 8 as indicated in the title. Scale is 5 questions with a scale of 0-4, higher number is more pain. Therefore, if you have 5 questions and the max score for each is 4, the maximum number on the scale is 20 (5 questions x 4 units on the scale = 20).

Time frame:
8 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
An Evaluation to Determine Superiority of Test and Reference Against Placebo in the Mean Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Total WOMAC Pain Score.
units on a scaleDiclofenac Sodium Gel 1%Voltaren GelPlacebo
An Evaluation to Determine Superiority of Test and Reference Against Placebo in the Mean Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Total WOMAC Pain Score.6.8 ± 1.96.6 ± 2.05.9 ± 2.1
SecondaryIncidences of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events
Time frame:
8 weeks

Results for this outcome have not been posted.

SecondaryIncidences of Abnormal Vital Signs
Time frame:
8 weeks

Results for this outcome have not been posted.

SecondaryClinically Significant Changes From Baseline in Physical Examination Results
Time frame:
8 weeks

Results for this outcome have not been posted.

Adverse events

Non-serious events are listed at a 1% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Diclofenac Sodium Gel 1%0/316 (0%)0/316 (0%)30/316 (9.5%)
Voltaren Gel0/312 (0%)0/312 (0%)24/312 (7.7%)
Placebo0/306 (0%)0/306 (0%)20/306 (6.5%)
Most frequent other events
Most frequent other events
EventDiclofenac Sodium Gel 1%Voltaren GelPlacebo
General disorders, muscle/skeletal, and nervous systemInvestigations24/31620/31217/306
application site reactionSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders6/3164/3123/306

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(year)Diclofenac Sodium Gel 1%Voltaren GelPlaceboTotal
Mean58 ± 10.358 ± 11.157 ± 10.857.3 ± 11
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Diclofenac Sodium Gel 1%Voltaren GelPlaceboTotal
Female200193190583
Male636971203
08

Study locations

51 sites
  • Vee Family Doctor's Center OY
    Paide, 72713, Estonia
  • OU Mai Perearstid
    Parnu, 85010, Estonia
  • East Tallinn Central Hospital
    Tallinn, 10138, Estonia
  • West Tallinn Central Hospital
    Tallinn, 10617, Estonia
  • East Tallinn Central Hospital
    Tallinn, 11312, Estonia
  • Medicum Ltd.
    Tallinn, 13619, Estonia
  • Linna Health Cerntre
    Tallinn, Estonia
  • Linnamoisa Perearstikeskus
    Tallinn, Estonia
  • OU Perearstikeskus Remedium
    Tallinn, Estonia
  • Pirita Family Doctors Centre
    Tallinn, Estonia
  • Orthopaedic and Clinical Research Center
    Tartu, 50410, Estonia
  • Dr.Monika Vask Ltd.
    Tartu, 51014, Estonia
  • Ltd. Elli Kahar
    Tartu, Estonia
  • Association of Health Centres, Medical Centre "OLVI"
    Daugavpils, LV-5410, Latvia
  • D.Saulites-Kandevicas private practice
    Liepaja, LV3401, Latvia
  • SIS Klinika ALma
    Riga, LV-1010, Latvia
  • Health Center 4
    Riga, Latvia
  • InMedica
    Kaunas, LT-48259, Lithuania
  • JSC Vita Longa
    Kaunas, LT-48426, Lithuania
  • JSC Saules seimos medicinos centras
    Kaunas, LT-49449, Lithuania
  • JSC Mano Seimos Gydytojas
    Klaipeda, LT-94231, Lithuania
  • Private Doctor Family Clinic JSc Ausveja
    Vilnius, LT-09108, Lithuania
  • Medical Chamber in Warsaw Nr 5718455
    Warsaw, Mazovia 00-341, Poland
  • CERMED
    Bialystok, 15-270, Poland
  • ClinicMed Badurski i Wspolnicy Spolka Jawna
    Bialystok, 15-879, Poland
  • St. Luke's hospital in Bielsko-Biala
    Bielsko-Biala, 43-300, Poland
  • Private medical practice Jacek Niski
    Czestochowa, I04/118, Poland
  • Niepubliczny Zaklad Opieki Zdrowotnej ORTMED sp. z o.o.
    Lodz, 91-498, Poland
  • Clinical Best Solutions
    Lublin, 20-059, Poland
  • ZOZ w Olawie
    Olawa, 55-200, Poland
  • MEDICOME Sp. z o.o.
    Oswiecim, 32-600, Poland
  • Centrum Medyczne Luxmed, Przezmierowo
    Poznan, 60-773, Poland
  • "REUMA TIKA- Centrnrn Reurnatologii" NZOZ
    Warsaw, 02-69 l, Poland
  • Spiratul Judetean de Urgenta Bacau
    Bacau, 600114, Romania
  • Spital Judetean De Urgenta Bacau
    Bacau, Romania
  • Duo Medical
    Bucharest, 010584, Romania
  • S.C. lanuli Med Consult Str Intr Lt. Dumitru Lemnea
    Bucharest, 010976, Romania
  • Dr Ion Stoia Rheumatology Center
    Bucharest, 020983, Romania
  • Emergency County Hospital SF Gheorghe
    Bucharest, 520064, Romania
  • RK Medcenter SRL
    Iasi, 700127, Romania
  • S.C. Clinica Somesan
    Marasti, Romania
  • Ploiești Municipal Hospital
    Ploiesti, 100337, Romania
  • Communal Institution "Cherkasy Regional Hospital of Cherkasy Regional Council"
    Cherkasy, 18009, Ukraine
  • State Institution "Ukrainian State Scientific and Research Institute of Medical and Social Problems of Disability of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine
    Dnipropetrovsk, 49027, Ukraine
  • State Institution "Professor M.I. Sytenko Institute of Spine and Joint Patholo of the National Academ of Medical Sciences of Ukraine
    Kharkiv, 61024, Ukraine
  • Communal Institution of Kyiv Regional Council "Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital"
    Kyiv, 04107, Ukraine
  • State Institution D.F.Chebotariov Institute of Gerontology of NAMS of Ukraine
    Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
  • State Institution D.F.Chebotariov Institute ofGerontolo!.!v ofNAMS of Ukraine - Dept of Age related changes to Muscoskeletal system
    Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
  • Communal Institution of.Lviv Regional Council "Yu. Lypa Lviv Regional Hospital of Disabled War Veterans and Former Political Prisoners"
    Lviv, 79495, Ukraine
  • Odesa Regional Clinical Hospital
    Odesa, 65025, Ukraine
  • MI Pyogrov Vinnystya Regional Clinical Hospital
    Vinnytsya, 21018, Ukraine
09

References and documents

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

10

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Feb 26, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02913521
Lead sponsor
Akorn, Inc.
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Sep 23, 2016
Start date
Jun 2015
Primary completion
Apr 2016
Completion
Jun 2016
Results posted
Feb 26, 2021
Last update
Feb 26, 2021

Study contacts

Kalev Kask, Ph.D.
study director · EGeen International Inc.

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jan 2021. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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