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CompletedNCT02884856CPDUpdated Aug 31, 2016

Color Perception in Dentistry (CPD)

An observational study in Gender, sponsored by Universidade de Passo Fundo. Completed at 1 site in Brazil. Open to participants aged 20 Years to 35 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2016-08-31.

Sponsored by Universidade de Passo Fundo · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
100
Ages
20 Years to 35 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Visual shade matching (VSM) is the most common procedure to select an adequate shade in dentistry. This clinical procedure requires the use of a shade guide, being Vita Classical (VC) the most popular among the available guides. VSM is a subjective and inconsistent process with many observer related variables (e.g. color deficiency, experience, gender and eye fatigue) that can influence on the final color appearance. The gender influence on the accuracy of VSM is controversial.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the VSM performed by female (F) and male (M) students, using VC shade guide, testing the null hypothesis that VSM is not influenced by gender.

Read the detailed description
  • Female and male observers will be analyzed.
  • Human upper central incisors (UCI) will be shade matched to shade tabs from Vita Classical (VC) shade guide.
  • The spectral reflectances from the four UCI and from the 16 VC shade tabs will be measured using a spectroradiometer (SP).
  • Measurements will be performed over a gray background, inside a viewing booth and under D65 illuminant (diffuse/0º geometry).
  • CIELAB coordinates (L*, a* and b*) will be calculated according to CIE D65 illuminant and CIE 2º Standard Observer.
  • Two color difference metrics (CIELAB and CIEDE2000(2:1:1)) will be used to find the best option for each UCI, using VC shade guide.
  • Data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and McNemar test (α=0.05).
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Conditions studied

  • Gender

Keywords

  • color
  • dentistry
  • gender
03

In context

Lead sponsor

Universidade de Passo Fundo is the lead sponsor of 15 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
20 Years to 35 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Dental students from University of Passo Fundo (Brazil) and with some knowledge and clinical experience with shade matching will be included in the study.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Dental students (DS) from University of Passo Fundo.
  • DS with some knowledge and clinical experience with shade matching.
  • DS from 20 to 35 years old.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • DS with abnormal color vision.
05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
100 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • Females observers (F)

    those with female gender characteristics

  • Male observers (M)

    those with male gender characteristics

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Gender effect on visual shade matching

    Time frame: The study last for 2 years

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Universidade de Passo Fundo
    Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul 99052-900, Brazil
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References and documents

Publications

  • Abramov I, Gordon J, Feldman O, Chavarga A. Sex and vision II: color appearance of monochromatic lights. Biol Sex Differ. 2012 Sep 4;3(1):21. doi: 10.1186/2042-6410-3-21. PubMed 22943488 ↗
  • Capa N, Malkondu O, Kazazoglu E, Calikkocaoglu S. Evaluating factors that affect the shade-matching ability of dentists, dental staff members and laypeople. J Am Dent Assoc. 2010 Jan;141(1):71-6. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2010.0023. PubMed 20045824 ↗
  • Deeb SS. The molecular basis of variation in human color vision. Clin Genet. 2005 May;67(5):369-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2004.00343.x. PubMed 15811001 ↗
  • Della Bona A, Barrett AA, Rosa V, Pinzetta C. Visual and instrumental agreement in dental shade selection: three distinct observer populations and shade matching protocols. Dent Mater. 2009 Feb;25(2):276-81. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2008.09.006. Epub 2008 Nov 18. PubMed 19019420 ↗
  • Donahue JL, Goodkind RJ, Schwabacher WB, Aeppli DP. Shade color discrimination by men and women. J Prosthet Dent. 1991 May;65(5):699-703. doi: 10.1016/0022-3913(91)90209-f. PubMed 2051396 ↗
  • Haddad HJ, Jakstat HA, Arnetzl G, Borbely J, Vichi A, Dumfahrt H, Renault P, Corcodel N, Pohlen B, Marada G, de Parga JA, Reshad M, Klinke TU, Hannak WB, Paravina RD. Does gender and experience influence shade matching quality? J Dent. 2009;37 Suppl 1:e40-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2009.05.012. Epub 2009 May 22. PubMed 19520478 ↗
  • Hugo B, Witzel T, Klaiber B. Comparison of in vivo visual and computer-aided tooth shade determination. Clin Oral Investig. 2005 Dec;9(4):244-50. doi: 10.1007/s00784-005-0014-3. Epub 2005 Oct 8. PubMed 16215749 ↗
  • Milagres V, Teixeira ML, Miranda ME, Osorio Silva CH, Ribeiro Pinto JR. Effect of gender, experience, and value on color perception. Oper Dent. 2012 May-Jun;37(3):228-33. doi: 10.2341/10-057-C. Epub 2012 Feb 15. PubMed 22335300 ↗
  • Paul S, Peter A, Pietrobon N, Hammerle CH. Visual and spectrophotometric shade analysis of human teeth. J Dent Res. 2002 Aug;81(8):578-82. doi: 10.1177/154405910208100815. PubMed 12147751 ↗
  • Pecho OE, Ghinea R, Alessandretti R, Perez MM, Della Bona A. Visual and instrumental shade matching using CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color difference formulas. Dent Mater. 2016 Jan;32(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.10.015. Epub 2015 Nov 28. PubMed 26631341 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 31, 2016, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02884856
Lead sponsor
Universidade de Passo Fundo
Collaborators
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain, Universidad de Granada
Responsible party
Alvaro Della Bona (Senior Professor and Researcher, Universidade de Passo Fundo) — Principal investigator
First posted
Aug 31, 2016
Start date
Aug 2014
Primary completion
Dec 2014
Completion
Jun 2016
Last update
Aug 31, 2016

Study contacts

Alvaro Della Bona, Ph.D.
study director · Universidade de Passo Fundo
Oscar E. Pecho, Ph.D.
principal investigator · Universidade de Passo Fundo

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Aug 2016. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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