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CompletedNCT02679300Updated Jun 22, 2020

Virtual Reality and Pain Perception During Exercises for Patients With Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain

An interventional study of Virtual reality exercise group and Conventional exercise group (control group) in Chronic Low Back Pain, sponsored by Hasselt University. Completed at 1 site in Belgium. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-06-22.

Sponsored by Hasselt University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
84
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Immersion in a virtual reality environment has been shown to reduce pain during a variety of painful medical procedures, such as wound care for burn patients and dental care. Often, serious games are used to distract patients from this painful procedures. Recently, serious games have also been developed for patients with low back pain. Because patients with low back pain frequently experience pain during exercises, the investigators hypothesize that exercising with serious games can reduce the pain intensity and the time spent thinking of pain during exercises. To test this hypothesis, the investigators will conduct a randomized controlled trial where two groups will be compared: the experimental group will perform one session of exercises with serious games, while the control group will perform one session of the same exercises without the serious games.

02

Conditions studied

  • Chronic Low Back Pain

Keywords

  • Chronic Low Back Pain
  • Virtual Reality
  • Serious Gaming
  • Exercise Therapy
  • Distraction
03

In context

Back Pain

2,373 studies on the registry are indexed under Back Pain; 284 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 84 is above the median of 60 across 1,941 interventional studies indexed under Back Pain.

Browse Back Pain studies →

Lead sponsor

Hasselt University is the lead sponsor of 195 studies on the registry; 30 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Chronic non-specific low back pain, with or without referred pain to the legs
  • Age 18-65
  • Able to understand Dutch
  • A minimum pain intensity of 3/10 on the numeric pain rating scale at the time of the test
  • Being familiar with pelvic tilt exercises

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Spinal surgery in the past
  • Pregnancy
  • Serious underlying pathologies (e.g. multiple sclerosis, tumors,...)
  • Signs or symptoms of nerve root involvement
  • Known skin-allergy for tape
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
84 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Virtual reality group

    During a single intervention session, participants will perform 2 sets of 2 minutes of pelvic tilt exercises using serious games. These serious games have to be controlled by pelvic tilts. Patients will perform the exercises in a standing position in front a TV-screen, on which the games will be displayed. Wireless motion sensors will be mounted to the patient's spine and pelvis to track the movements of the pelvis.

    Other: Virtual reality exercise group

  • Active comparator
    Control group

    During a single session intervention, participants will perform 2 sets of 2 minutes of pelvic tilt exercises without a serious game. Patients will perform the exercises in a standing position. The number of repetitions and the tempo of the pelvic tilts will be indicated using a metronome.

    Other: Conventional exercise group (control group)

Interventions

  • OtherVirtual reality exercise group
  • OtherConventional exercise group (control group)
06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Average pain intensity during exercises using the numeric pain rating scale

    Immediately after the intervention, patients will be asked to indicate the average pain they experienced during the exercises using the numeric pain rating scale (0-10)

    Time frame: Day 1

  2. Time spent thinking of the pain using a numeric rating scale

    Immediately after the intervention, patients will be asked to indicate the average time they spent thinking of their pain during the exercises using a numeric rating scale ranging from 0 ("not at all") to 10 ("all the time")

    Time frame: Day 1

Secondary outcomes

  1. Pain intensity after the exercises using a numeric rating scale

    Patients will be asked to indicate their pain immediately after the exercises using the numeric pain rating scale (0-10)

    Time frame: Day 1

  2. Harmfulness of the exercises using a numeric rating scale

    Immediately after the intervention, patients will be asked to indicate how harmful they thought the exercises were for their lumbar spine on a numeric rating scale ranging from 0 ("not harmful at all") to 10 ("extremely harmful").

    Time frame: Day 1

Other outcomes

  1. Number of pelvic tilts

    During the exercises the pelvis and lumbar spine of the participants will be recorded with a digital videocamera to capture the number of pelvic tilts during the exercises. This outcome measure will primarily be used as possible covariate

    Time frame: Day 1

  2. Immersion (questionnaire will be used to measure the level of immersion)

    Immediately after the intervention, the immersive experience questionnaire will be used to measure the level of immersion

    Time frame: Day 1

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Hasselt University
    Hasselt, 3500, Belgium
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Matheve T, Bogaerts K, Timmermans A. Virtual reality distraction induces hypoalgesia in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2020 Apr 22;17(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s12984-020-00688-0. PubMed 32321516 ↗
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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 22, 2020, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02679300
Lead sponsor
Hasselt University
Collaborators
Jessa Hospital
Responsible party
Thomas Matheve (PT, MSc, Hasselt University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Feb 10, 2016
Start date
Jan 2016
Primary completion
Sep 2018
Completion
Sep 2018
Last update
Jun 22, 2020
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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