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CompletedNCT02618174Updated Dec 1, 2015

Enhanced Broccoli Consumption After a Liking Norm and Vegetable Variety Message: Effects After a 24 Hour Delay.

An interventional study of Neutral Control Condition and Food-based Control Condition in Eating Behaviour, sponsored by University of Birmingham. Completed at 1 site in United Kingdom. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2015-12-01.

Sponsored by University of Birmingham · Not applicable and Interventional

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
400
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Encouraging individuals to eat vegetables is difficult. However, recent evidence suggests that using social-based information might help. For instance, it has been shown that if people think that others are eating lots of fruit and vegetables, that they will consume more of these foods to match the 'norm'. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a liking social norm (information about how much others like vegetables) would be effective at encouraging people to eat more vegetables and to examine whether these effects are sustained beyond initial exposure (i.e. whether the effect of the norm persists on food selection 24 hours alter).

Read the detailed description

Using a 2 x 5 x 2 experimental design we investigated the effects of exposure to various messages on later food intake and whether any effects were sustained 24 hours after exposure in both low and high consumers of vegetables. There were three factors of delay (immediate food selection versus food selection 24 hours after exposure), message type (liking norm, descriptive norm, health message, food-based control, and neutral control message) and habitual consumption (low versus high). The buffet consisted of three raw vegetables, three energy-dense foods and two dips.

In this study the investigators hypothesised that a liking norm would increase the consumption of vegetables (compared to a neutral control condition) and that the effect would persist on vegetable consumption 24 hours after intital exposure to the liking norm.

02

Conditions studied

  • Eating Behaviour
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In context

Lead sponsor

University of Birmingham is the lead sponsor of 179 studies on the registry; 30 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • Healthy volunteers
  • Sufficiently fluent in English

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Smokers
  • Diabetes
  • Food allergies
  • Past / present depression or anxiety
  • Past / present eating disorder.
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Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Participant)
Enrollment
400 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Placebo comparator
    Neutral Control Condition

    Message about age of University of Birmingham

    Behavioral: Neutral Control Condition

  • Placebo comparator
    Food-based Control Condition

    Message about variety of vegetables in the world

    Behavioral: Food-based Control Condition

  • Active comparator
    Health Condition

    Message about the health benefits of eating vegetables

    Behavioral: Health Condition

  • Active comparator
    Descriptive Social Norm

    Message suggesting most people eat plenty of vegetables

    Behavioral: Descriptive Social Norm

  • Experimental
    Liking Social Norm

    Message suggesting most people like eating vegetables

    Behavioral: Liking Social Norm

Interventions

  • BehavioralNeutral Control Condition

    Message about age of University of Birmingham

  • BehavioralFood-based Control Condition

    Message about variety of vegetables in the world

  • BehavioralHealth Condition

    Message about the health benefits of eating vegetables

  • BehavioralDescriptive Social Norm

    Message suggesting most people eat plenty of vegetables

  • BehavioralLiking Social Norm

    Message suggesting most people like eating vegetables

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Grams of vegetables consumed

    Time frame: 8 months

07

Study locations

1 site
  • University of Birmingham
    Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, United Kingdom
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Thomas JM, Liu J, Robinson EL, Aveyard P, Herman CP, Higgs S. The Effects of Liking Norms and Descriptive Norms on Vegetable Consumption: A Randomized Experiment. Front Psychol. 2016 Mar 30;7:442. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00442. eCollection 2016. PubMed 27065913 ↗
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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Dec 1, 2015, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02618174
Lead sponsor
University of Birmingham
Collaborators
Economic and Social Research Council, United Kingdom
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Dec 1, 2015
Start date
Oct 2013
Primary completion
Jul 2014
Completion
Jul 2014
Last update
Dec 1, 2015

Study contacts

Jason M Thomas, PhD
principal investigator · University of Birmingham

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Nov 2015. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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