An interventional study of 1- Mindfulness Intervention and 2- Relaxation Intervention in Burnout Syndrome, sponsored by Federal University of São Paulo. Completed at 1 site in Brazil. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2019-03-29.
Sponsored by Federal University of São Paulo · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention
The prevalence of the Burnout Syndrome (BS) or symptoms among Primary Health Care (PHC) providers is high and can affect their quality of life and clinical results. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) have been tested as promising interventions to manage chronic stress and BS in PHC providers.
The main goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of an eight week MBI (Group 1 or G1) on burnout symptoms in Brazilian PHC providers, compared to a briefer, four-week relaxation-based intervention (Group 2 or G2) and to a waiting list control group (Group 3 or G3). The initial hypothesis was that the MBI is superior to relaxation and to the waiting list group. A non-randomized controlled trial was performed, with mixed-methods evaluation (qualitative and quantitative).
Study Design: a non-randomized pragmatic controlled trial was performed, with mixed-methods investigation.
Population: The target population of the study were PHC professionals from the city of Porto Alegre in the southern region of Brazil.
Sample: PHC professionals from 50 health units. A sample size calculation was performed, considering an effect size of 0.5 (moderate), with a statistical power of 80% and a confidence interval of 95%. Thus, 65 individuals in each group would be necessary, totaling 195 people distributed in the three groups, estimating a drop-out rate of 10%.
Inclusion criteria: 18 years or over, complete primary education at least, be interested in the objectives of this study and have consented to volunteer to participate in one of the three groups of interventions proposed, being a primary health care worker for at least six months and experiencing any kind of stress in relation to work.
Exclusion criteria: Have been practicing mindfulness, meditation, yoga or similar (tai chi chuan, qi gong) in the last six months, presence of diagnosed clinical diseases that would not allow adherence to the study, being in treatment for psychological or psychiatric problems, in the phase of therapeutic adjustment (less than three months of psychological or pharmacological interventions), be on medical leave of absence from work, dependence or abusive use of alcohol or other drugs, except for tobacco.
Recruitment and procedures: The study was publicized among all PHC units using informative pamphlets, and PHC managers were informed personally by the first author (DS) about the goals of the project. The professionals were dismissed during working hours for the meetings that took place in places available and previously scheduled with the heads of health services. All the volunteers were previously submitted to the study´s criteria for participation. Those who were interested underwent a brief evaluation using the Beck´s Depression Inventory (BDI), Self Reported Questionnaire (SRQ-20) (common mental disorders) and Self Reported Questionnaire (SRQ-A) (alcohol use) scales to exclude severe symptoms (suicidal ideation and alcohol abuse). After inclusion, volunteers were able to choose between the three participant groups of the study (mindfulness, relaxation, or waiting list). We did not randomize the professionals in order to make the study more feasible and pragmatic. Specifically, in a pilot study we had observed that the professionals were highly resistant to being randomly allocated to the study groups.
Ethics: This study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki and was submitted to three Research Ethics Committees, respecting all the criteria for the execution of research with human beings.
All participants agreed to participate in the study and signed the Free and Informed Consent prior to any study procedure.
A drop-out was defined as a participant who completed fewer than four sessions.
Measures:
Added to sociodemographic data, the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey) (MBI-GS ) was used to identify symptoms of BS, The Positive and Negative Scale (PANAS) to evaluate affection, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) to measure mindfulness dimensions; the Experience Scale to measure decentering and rumination (ES), and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) to measure compassion.
458 studies on the registry are indexed under Burnout, Psychological; 110 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 142 is above the median of 80 across 331 interventional studies indexed under Burnout, Psychological.
Browse Burnout, Psychological studies →Federal University of São Paulo is the lead sponsor of 438 studies on the registry; 22 are open to participants now.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Mindfulness-Based Intervention: The intervention model tested was "Breathworks for Stress".The mindfulness intervention used in the study had a total of eight encounters, lasting 120 minutes, that took place once a week. In order to accommodate employees' schedule. There was a recommendation of daily practice lasting an average of 15 minutes, as well as the suggestion to use the tools in everyday life. In each session a theme was presented, with distinct practices and well-defined objectives
Behavioral: 1- Mindfulness Intervention
Relaxation-Based Intervention was composed of four meetings, of two hours duration, held every two weeks. The activities involved mutual help conversations about work situations, psychoeducation on stress and various techniques of stress inoculation, such as: diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, relaxing visualization and stretching. Each session had its own objective to promote the relaxation response effect.
Behavioral: 2- Relaxation Intervention
The wait list passive control group did not receive any intervention while the study was been enrolling.
Other: 3- Wait List Control Group
An intervention program integrating elements of Mindfulness Breathworks Institute Mindfulness based approaches for Pain and illness (MBPI), (Burch , 2009) and Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), (Kabat Zinn, 2003), and Mindfulness based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) shall be used. All programs are highly structured, lasting eight weeks, with a weekly meeting about two hours , and working with four main techniques during these meetings : mindfulness in breathing, body scan, walking meditation and mindfulness yoga. In order to facilitate the home practice of meditation by participants during and after the intervention protocol, all will receive a CD containing guided meditation sessions, covering the above techniques.
Also known as: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
Eight meetings where the participants will practice relaxation techniques.
Also known as: Relaxation
No intervention
Also known as: Wait List
A mindfulness intervention decreases burnout symptoms
Measured by MBI-GS.
Time frame: up to 2 months
A mindfulness intervention decreases negative affect and increases positive affect
After the intervention, measured by PANAS
Time frame: up to 2 months
A mindfulness intervention improves self compassion
measured by SCE after intervention.
Time frame: up to 2 months
A mindfulness intervention Increases mindfulness state.
measured by FFMQ
Time frame: up to 2 months
A mindfulness intervention improves decentering and decrease cognitive rumination
Measured by ES - Experience scale
Time frame: up to 2 months
Plan to share: No
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This study is completed, as verified in Mar 2019. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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