ClinicalTrials.gg
Status unknownNCT02235974CPASSUpdated Apr 7, 2020

Critical Periods After Stroke Study (CPASS)

An interventional study of Early Intensive upper extremity motor training and Sub-acute intensive upper extremity motor training in Stroke, Brain Infarction and Brain Ischemia, sponsored by MedStar National Rehabilitation Network. Status unknown at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 21 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-04-07.

Primary conditionCerebral InfarctionRegistry: StrokeReclassifiedWhy we changed it
Registry
Stroke — the first condition term the registry derived for this study.
ClinicalTrials.gg
Cerebral Infarction
Why
  1. The study's listed conditions name Cerebral Infarction, a narrower term within Stroke.
Confidence
High: the new condition is named in the study's own listed conditions. Of 351 hand-checked studies reclassified this way, 68% were exactly right and 84% in the right disease family; the registry's first term was right for 5% (measured 2026-10-21). How we classify →
Wrong?
Tell us the study's main condition →

Sponsored by MedStar National Rehabilitation Network · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

The sponsor has not verified this record recently (last verified Apr 2020), so the status shown — last known as Enrolling by invitation — may be out of date.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
150
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
21 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

To perform an exploratory single center randomized study that will form the basis for a larger scale, more definitive randomized clinical trial to determine the optimal time after stroke for intensive motor training. The investigators will perform a prospective exploratory study of upper extremity (UE) motor training delivered at higher than usual intensity at three different time points after stroke:

  • early (initiated within 30 days)
  • subacute/outpatient (initiated within 2-3 months)
  • chronic (initiated within 6-9 months)

The control group will not receive the therapy intervention during the 1-year study.

Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, pre-treatment, post-treatment, 6 months and one year after stroke onset.

Compared to individuals randomized during the outpatient (2-3 months after stroke onset) or chronic (6-9 months after stroke onset) time points, participants randomized to early intensive motor training will show greater upper extremity motor improvement measured at one year post stroke.

Read the detailed description

Please see the following reference:

Dromerick, A.W., Edwardson, M., Edwards, D.F., Giannetti, M.L., Barth, J., Brady, K.P., Chan, E., Tan, M.T., Tamboli, I., Chia, R., Orquiza, M., Padilla, R.M., Cheema, A.K., Mapstone, M., Fiandaca, M.S., Federoff, H.J., \& Newport, E.L. (2015). Critical Periods after Stroke Study: Translating animal stroke recovery experiments into a clinical trial. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9, 002231. PMCID: PMC4413691.

02

Conditions studied

  • Stroke
  • Brain Infarction
  • Brain Ischemia
  • Cerebral Infarction
  • Cerebrovascular Disorders

Keywords

  • stroke
  • critical periods
  • sensitive periods
  • hemiparesis
  • upper extremity
  • physical rehabilitation
  • arm therapy
  • occupational therapy
  • physical therapy
  • task oriented training
  • patient focused
  • arm function
  • hand function
  • neurorehabilitation
  • motor learning
  • motor control
  • motor function
  • motor recovery
  • skill acquisition
  • skill training
03

In context

Cerebral Infarction Reclassified

219 studies on the registry are indexed under Cerebral Infarction; 46 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 150 is above the median of 120 across 139 interventional studies indexed under Cerebral Infarction.

Browse Cerebral Infarction studies →

Lead sponsor

MedStar National Rehabilitation Network is the lead sponsor of 4 studies on the registry; 1 is open to participants now.

Compared within Cerebral Infarction, this study's primary condition as ClinicalTrials.gg classifies it; the registry's first condition term is Stroke. The counts are of registry records indexed under each term, refreshed daily. How we classify →

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
21 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke (with confirmatory neuroimaging) within 28 days of admission to inpatient rehabilitation (allows those randomized to the early arm to begin study-related treatment within 30 days)
  • Age >21 years
  • Able to participate in first study-related treatment session within 30 days of stroke onset
  • Able to participate in all study-related activities, including one year follow up and blood draws
  • Persistent hemiparesis leading to impaired upper extremity function. Hemiparesis as indicated by NIHSS Motor Arm score ≥ 1
  • Recovering moderate motor impairment at the shoulder and elbow or hand such as:

    • Proximal UE voluntary activity indicated by a score of ≥ 3 on the upper arm item of the Motor Assessment Scale - wrist and finger movement is not required

or

  • Manual Muscle Test (MMT) score of ≥ 2 on shoulder flexion or abduction and MMT score of ≥ 2 for any of the following: elbow flexion, elbow extension, wrist flexion, wrist extension, finger flexion or finger extension.

or

  • Active range of motion (AROM) to at least 50% of range in gravity eliminated position for shoulder flexion or abduction, and for any of the following motions: elbow flexion, elbow extension, wrist flexion, wrist extension, finger flexion or finger extension.

    • Score of ≤ 8 on the Short Blessed Memory Orientation and Concentration Scale
    • Follows 2 step commands
    • No upper extremity injury or conditions that limited use prior to the stroke
    • Pre-stroke independence: Modified Rankin Score 0 or 1

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Inability to give
  • Prior stroke with persistent motor impairment or other disabling neurologic condition such as multiple sclerosis, parkinsonism, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia requiring medication
  • Rapidly improving motor function
  • fluctuations in mental status in the 72 hours prior to randomization
  • Hemispatial neglect as determined by >3 errors on the Mesulam Symbol Cancellation Test
  • Not independent prior to stroke (determined by scores of \<95 on Barthel Index or >1 on Modified Rankin Scale
  • Dense sensory loss indicated by a score of 2 on NIHSS sensory item
  • Ataxia out of proportion to weakness in the affected arm as described by a score of ≥ 1 on the NIHSS limb ataxia item
  • Active or prior psychosis within 2 years
  • Active or prior (within 2 years) substance abuse
  • Not expected to survive 1 year due to other illnesses (cardiac disease, , etc)
  • Received upper extremity botulinum toxin within 6 months (other medications do not exclude)
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(3)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Clinically significant

Judged by the study doctor to matter for your health or for the study. It is a doctor’s decision, so ask the study team if you are unsure whether something counts.

Cancer (malignancy)

Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.

Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
150 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Acute/Early

    Intervention: A 20-hour dose of early intensive upper extremity motor training therapy will be initiated within 30 days post-stroke.

    Behavioral: Early Intensive upper extremity motor training

  • Experimental
    Sub-acute/Outpatient

    Intervention: A 20-hour dose of sub-acute intensive upper extremity motor training therapy will be initiated within 2 to 3 months post-stroke.

    Behavioral: Sub-acute intensive upper extremity motor training

  • Experimental
    Chronic

    Intervention: A 20-hour dose of chronic intensive upper extremity motor training therapy will be initiated 6 to 9 months post-stroke

    Behavioral: Chronic intensive upper extremity motor training

  • Placebo comparator
    Control

    Intervention: Usual and customary care. No additional therapy will be initiated during the 1-year study.

    Behavioral: Control

Interventions

  • BehavioralEarly Intensive upper extremity motor training

    Using a shaping therapy protocol, participants will receive a dose of 20 hours of intensive upper extremity therapy (in addition to their current therapy) beginning within 30 days of stroke onset.

  • BehavioralSub-acute intensive upper extremity motor training

    Using a shaping therapy protocol, participants will receive a dose of 20 hours of intensive upper extremity therapy (in addition to their current therapy) beginning within 2 to 3 months post stroke.

  • BehavioralChronic intensive upper extremity motor training

    Using a shaping therapy protocol, participants will receive a dose of 20 hours of intensive upper extremity therapy (in addition to their current therapy) beginning within 6 to 9 months post stroke.

  • BehavioralControl

    Usual and Customary Care only. No additional therapy will be given during the 1-year study.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Action Research Arm Test (ARAT)

    The ARAT assesses functional limitations and evaluates changes in limb function for the upper extremity.

    Time frame: Baseline (within 30 days post stroke), pre-treatment, post-treatment (ideally within 72 hours after treatment has ended), 6 months and 1 year post stroke

Secondary outcomes

  1. Motor Activity Log - 28 Quality of Movement (MAL-28 QOM)

    A structured interview to measure upper extremity use and function as well as assess the quality of movement of the hemiparetic arm.

    Time frame: Pre-treatment, post-treatment (ideally within 72 hours after treatment has ended), 6 months and 1 year post stroke

  2. Nine Hole Peg Test (9-HPT)

    A standardized quantitative test of upper extremity function and fine manual dexterity.

    Time frame: Baseline (within 30 days post stroke), pre-treatment, post-treatment (ideally within 72 hours after treatment has ended), 6 months and 1 year post stroke

  3. Functional Independence Measure (FIM)

    A basic indicator of severity of disability. Tracks changes in the functional ability of the patient during an episode of hospital rehabilitation care.

    Time frame: Baseline (within 30 days post stroke), pre-treatment, post-treatment (ideally within 72 hours after treatment has ended), 6 months and 1 year post stroke

  4. Barthel Index (BI)

    Measures performance in activities of daily living and functional disability.

    Time frame: Baseline (within 30 days post stroke), pre-treatment, post-treatment (ideally within 72 hours after treatment has ended), 6 months and 1 year post stroke

  5. Motricity Index - Arm only (MI)

    To assess motor impairment and strength in the upper extremity.

    Time frame: Baseline (within 30 days post stroke), pre-treatment, post-treatment (ideally within 72 hours after treatment has ended), 6 months and 1 year post stroke

  6. Perception of change (POC)

    A stroke-specific self-report to assess how stroke has impacted a person's life and their overall perception of recovery.

    Time frame: Baseline (within 30 days post stroke), pre-treatment, post-treatment (ideally within 72 hours after treatment has ended) and 1 year post stroke

  7. Stroke Impact Scale - Hand-Arm subscale (SIS)

    A self-report health status measure to assess perceived recovery with regard to the more affected hand and arm following a stroke.

    Time frame: Baseline (within 30 days post stroke), pre-treatment, post-treatment (ideally within 72 hours after treatment has ended) and 1 year post stroke

  8. Modified Rankin Scale (MRS)

    A measure of the degree of disability or dependence in daily activities following a stroke.

    Time frame: Baseline (pre-stroke assessment), pre-treatment, post-treatment (ideally within 72 hours after treatment has ended) and 1 year post stroke

  9. Activity Card Sort (ACS)

    An interview-based assessment used to measure an individual's participation in instrumental, leisure and social activities.

    Time frame: Pre-treatment (ideally within 72 hours of baseline), post-treatment (ideally within 72 hours after treatment has ended), 6 months and 1 year post stroke

  10. Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI)

    To assess quantitatively the degree that individuals who have experienced a traumatic injury or illness come to manage and reintegrate normal social activities with regard to recreation, movement at home and within the community, family and relationships.

    Time frame: Post-treatment (within 72 hours after treatment has ended), 6 months and 1 year post stroke

  11. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15)

    A self-report assessment used to identify depressive symptoms in the elderly.

    Time frame: Baseline (within 30 days post stroke), pre-treatment, and 1 year post stroke

  12. NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS)

    A systematic assessment used to evaluate and measure stroke-related. neurological impairments and stroke severity.

    Time frame: Baseline (within 30 days post stroke), pre-treatment, 6 months and 1 year post stroke

  13. Short Blessed Orientation and Memory Concentration Test (SBT)

    An assessment of cognitive ability and impairment.

    Time frame: Baseline (within 30 days post stroke)

  14. Mesulam Symbol Cancellation Test (SCT)

    An assessment used to evaluate visuospatial function and attention.

    Time frame: Baseline (within 30 days post stroke)

  15. Faces Pain Scale

    A self-report measure of pain intensity.

    Time frame: Baseline (within 30 days post stroke), pre-treatment, post-treatment (ideally within 72 hours after treatment has ended), 6 months and 1 year post stroke

  16. Fugl Meyer Assessment (Upper Extremity)

    A performanced-based impairment index to assess motor function, sensation and joint function.

    Time frame: Baseline (within 30 days post stroke) and 1 year post stroke

  17. Manual Muscle Test (Upper Extremity)

    Muscle strength assessment

    Time frame: Baseline (within 30 days post stroke)

Other outcomes

  1. Motor Assessment Scale - Upper Arm Function (MAS)

    Performance-based scale to assess everyday motor function.

    Time frame: Baseline (within 30 days of stroke onset)

07

Study locations

1 site
  • MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital
    Washington, District of Columbia 20010, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Dromerick AW, Edwardson MA, Edwards DF, Giannetti ML, Barth J, Brady KP, Chan E, Tan MT, Tamboli I, Chia R, Orquiza M, Padilla RM, Cheema AK, Mapstone ME, Fiandaca MS, Federoff HJ, Newport EL. Critical periods after stroke study: translating animal stroke recovery experiments into a clinical trial. Front Hum Neurosci. 2015 Apr 29;9:231. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00231. eCollection 2015. PubMed 25972803 ↗
  • Geed S, Feit P, Edwards DF, Dromerick AW. Why Are Stroke Rehabilitation Trial Recruitment Rates in Single Digits? Front Neurol. 2021 Jun 8;12:674237. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.674237. eCollection 2021. PubMed 34168611 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — There is no plan at this time to make individual participant data available.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Aug 2014 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Dec 2020, 76 months after the start.

Of 27 interventional studies with no phase under Cerebral Infarction, half reached primary completion within 28 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 16 and three quarters within 49. This study's planned 76 months is above that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jul 14, 2014
First posted
Sep 10, 2014
StartActual
Aug 26, 2014
Primary completionEst.
Dec 31, 2020
CompletionEst.
Jan 31, 2021
Last update
Apr 7, 2020
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Apr 7, 2020, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02235974
Lead sponsor
MedStar National Rehabilitation Network
Responsible party
Alexander W. Dromerick, MD (Vice President for Research, MedStar National Rehabilitation Network) — Principal investigator
First posted
Sep 10, 2014
Start date
Aug 26, 2014
Primary completion
Dec 31, 2020 (estimated)
Completion
Jan 31, 2021 (estimated)
Last update
Apr 7, 2020

Study contacts

Alexander W Dromerick, MD
principal investigator · MedStar National Rehabilitation Network

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is status unknown, as verified in Apr 2020. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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