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RecruitingNCT02231840Updated Nov 5, 2026

NIAAA Natural History Protocol

An observational study in Alcohol Use Disorder, sponsored by National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 100 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-11-05.

Sponsored by National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) · Observational

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Jan 2015; still recruiting 11 years 9 months later.
Study type
Observational
Model
Case-control
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
7,500
Ages
18 Years to 100 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Background:

- About 17 million adults had an alcohol use disorder in 2012. Researchers want to follow people that have alcohol problems and want treatment, as well as those who do not want treatment and healthy volunteers. They also want to gather information on people with and without alcohol problems, including information on genes and biological processes in the body.. This will help them better understand, prevent, and treat alcohol problems.

Objective:

-To look at a broad range of traits in people who are healthy people and people with alcohol problems. To study them for potential eligibility for other research protocols conducted at the NIH Clinical Center.

Eligibility:

  • Adults age 18 and older.
  • Not being pregnant or imprisoned.

Design:

  • Participants will have a physical exam. They will answer questions about their health and alcohol and drug use. They will have an electrocardiogram to check their heart. They will have blood, urine, and breath alcohol tests.
  • Participants without alcohol problems, or who have them but do not want treatment, can sign the second consent for screening and research.
  • Participants that have alcohol problems and want treatment will be treated at the NIH Clinical Center. They will be offered to sign the second consent at a later time.
  • Participants may join an inpatient treatment and detox program. It could last up to 6 weeks. Or they may join an outpatient program. Some may do both.
  • After discharge, participants may be called and asked questions about their drinking and health.
  • If participants sign the second consent, they:
  • will complete paper- and computer-based questionnaires.
  • will give blood samples.
  • may have a brain scan using magnetic resonance imaging. They will lie on a table that slides in and out of a cylinder that takes pictures. The machine makes loud noises. They will get earplugs.
Read the detailed description

Study Description:

This study represents the natural history protocol for NIAAA with the main objectives of providing deep phenotyping of patients across the alcohol use spectrum. This includes Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) patients, patients with problematic drinking, social drinking, and patients who are abstinent (healthy volunteers, and other volunteers). We have two groups in this study. Treatment-seeking individuals (Patients that want to stop alcohol use and will require medical management to achieve sobriety) and non-treatment-seeking participants (Patients who want to continue their current alcohol use). A standard set of data will be collected in all patients allowing us to study the impact of alcohol use in their overall health.

Primary Objective:

To gather a set of characterization measures, including a standardized dataset of clinical, behavioral, biochemical, and structural MRI-based phenotypic assessments, as well as whole genome genotypes.

Primary Endpoint:

A standardized set of data collected consistently under this protocol that will allow exploratory, descriptive, or correlational studies of alcohol use and AUD.

02

Conditions studied

  • Alcohol Use Disorder

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Keywords

  • Phenotypes
  • Genetics
  • Alcohol Use Disorder
  • Natural History
03

In context

Alcoholism

1,674 studies on the registry are indexed under Alcoholism; 331 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 7,500 is above the median of 159 across 183 observational studies indexed under Alcoholism.

Browse Alcoholism studies →

Lead sponsor

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) is the lead sponsor of 102 studies on the registry; 14 are open to participants now.

Of its 13 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 9 (69%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 100 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

We will enroll a total of 7500 participants. Any individual (Bullet)18 years of age who expresses interest in participating in this study and/or other research studies offered at NIAAA during the brief telephone pre-screening may be enrolled. Participants may be individuals with no current or past AUD, as well as individuals who meet current or past DSM criteria for AUD. Healthy volunteers and other volunteers will also be enrolled in this protocol.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

As this is a natural history protocol of alcohol use as a continuum, in order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet the following criterion:

  • Age >=18 years of age
  • Willingness to complete the study including genetic and MRI tests.

We will assign participants to one of two groups in this study:

  • Treatment-seeking individuals (Patients that want to stop alcohol use and will require medical management to achieve sobriety) and
  • Non-treatment-seeking participants (Patients or healthy volunteers who want to continue their current alcohol use).

All participants are initially phone-screened for eligibility and their desire for treatment of AUD (or lack of it) will determine their group allocation. Their self-report of health status, pregnancy, legal status, and willingness to complete the study including the genetics and MRI test will be assessed in the phone screen and determine eligibility.

Exclusion criteria

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

This is a natural history protocol of alcohol use as a continuum. Potential participants are pre-screened on the phone and, based on the information provided on the phone, the following categories are excluded because they are not suitable study participants for this protocol:

  • Individuals \< 18 years of age
  • Prisoners
  • Pregnant candidates
  • Candidates having a severe medical or mental health disorder that would impair participation in the study

All participants are initially phone-screened for eligibility: age, legal status, pregnancy, and severe medical conditions will be assessed using information reported in the phone screen to determine eligibility for the study.

05

Study design

Observational model
Case-control
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
7,500 participants (estimated)

Groups and cohorts

  • Not treatment-seeking participants

    Individuals who meet current or past DSM 5 criteria for AUD but are not seeking treatment. Healthy volunteers and other volunteers.

  • Treatment-seeking Patients

    Individuals who meet current DSM 5 criteria for AUD and are seeking treatment for it.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Obtain phenotypic assessments

    To gather characterization measures for individuals wishing to participate in this protocol, including a standardized set of clinical, behavioral, biochemical, and structural MRI-based phenotypic assessments, as well as whole genome genotypes

    Time frame: CROSS SECTIONAL

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
    Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
    Recruiting
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Kwako LE, Schwandt ML, Ramchandani VA, Diazgranados N, Koob GF, Volkow ND, Blanco C, Goldman D. Neurofunctional Domains Derived From Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Alcohol Use Disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2019 Sep 1;176(9):744-753. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18030357. Epub 2019 Jan 4. PubMed 30606047 ↗
  • Antonello PC, Hodgkinson CA, Feng D, Marietta C, Mohana Krishnan B, Parra MA, Sun Z, Gao B, Goldman D, Antoine MW. Genetic regulation of AIF1 shapes immune and liver injury profiles in chronic alcohol use. JCI Insight. 2026 Mar 10;11(8):e198209. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.198209. eCollection 2026 Apr 22. PubMed 41838574 ↗
  • Cullins EC, Gunawan T, Schwandt ML, Luk JW, George DT, Diazgranados N, Goldman D, Ramchandani VA. Markers of Negative Emotionality in Individuals With Comorbid Alcohol Use Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Role of Childhood Trauma. Addict Biol. 2025 Apr;30(4):e70037. doi: 10.1111/adb.70037. PubMed 40250452 ↗
  • Thompson MF, Schwandt ML, Ramchandani VA, Diazgranados N, Goldman D, Luk JW. Stress and alcohol-related coping mechanisms linking lifetime suicide ideation and attempt to multidimensional quality of life. J Affect Disord. 2024 Apr 15;351:729-737. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.209. Epub 2024 Jan 27. PubMed 38281600 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — All IDP, identifiable specimens and data from this protocol will be shared with other NIH protocols for future research, so that data collected under different studies from a single individual may be combined for analysis after IRB approval and informed consent (or waiver of consent) for the use of the data for the research is in place. Data will be shared from two locations: @@@1) The NIH Clinical Center Clinical Research Information System (CRIS) system, where we routinely store clinical patient data and implement adequate privacy protections by design; @@@2) On access controlled NIAAA servers, located in secured space to prevent physical theft of storage media, and managed by NIAAA IT in agreement with NIH data security policies. We will feed some of the data residing in CRIS and on the NIAAA servers to the NIH Biomedical Translational Research Information System (BTRIS).@@@

Supporting information: Study protocol, Informed consent form, Analytic code

Time frame: Starting with the first patient recruited to termination of the study.

Access criteria: All IDP will be shared with other NIH protocols, so that data collected under different studies from a single individual may be combined for analysis when the receiving protocol includes informed consent or a waiver of consent for the use of this data for research. Also, identifiable specimens and data from this protocol may be shared with other protocols for future research after IRB approval and informed consent (or waiver of consent).

09

Timeline

1 registry update since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Jan 2015 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Dec 2044, 359 months after the start.

Of 74 non-industry observational studies under Alcoholism, half reached primary completion within 45 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 21 and three quarters within 65. This study's planned 359 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 76 studies reached it within 40 months; a quarter within 21 and three quarters within 65.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Sep 3, 2014
First posted
Sep 4, 2014
StartActual
Jan 21, 2015
Primary completionEst.
Dec 31, 2044
CompletionEst.
Dec 31, 2044
Last update
Nov 5, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
Minor edits
Nothing that changes what the study is or who can join. Edited: verification date
1 update, last Oct 26, 2026
Show all 1 update
  1. Oct 26, 2026
    Minor edits only
    + 1 other change: verification date

From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02231840
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Sep 4, 2014
Start date
Jan 21, 2015
Primary completion
Dec 31, 2044 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 31, 2044 (estimated)
Last update
Nov 5, 2026

Study contacts

Beth A Lee, R.N.
Contact
beth.lee@nih.gov
(301) 451-6964
Nancy Diazgranados, M.D.
Contact
nancy.diazgranados@nih.gov
(301) 496-7515
Nancy Diazgranados, M.D.
principal investigator · National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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