An observational study in Tuberculosis, sponsored by University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Completed at 1 site in Zambia. Open to participants aged 16 Years to 99 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2017-09-15.
Sponsored by University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill · Observational
This study will examine an enhanced protocol to systematically screen a cohort of 400 new HIV clinic enrollees for prevalence and 1-year incidence of tuberculosis (TB).
Zambia is a high burden country for both HIV and TB infection and HIV clinic enrollees are a high-risk group for active TB. Current Zambian Ministry of Health screening protocols are symptom-based even though active case-finding studies in HIV-infected populations have shown that symptoms are not always predictive of active TB. As a result, there may be a significant amount of un-diagnosed TB among HIV-infected Zambians even in the context of accessing HIV care. This study will examine an enhanced protocol to systematically screen a cohort of 400 new HIV clinic enrollees for prevalence and 1-year incidence of TB using symptoms, light and fluorescence microscopy, chest radiography and TB culture of sputum and extra-pulmonary fluids (when indicated). In addition, the sensitivity, specificity and cost-effectiveness of each diagnostic tool will be evaluated.
1,417 studies on the registry are indexed under Tuberculosis; 208 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 400 is above the median of 250 across 421 observational studies indexed under Tuberculosis.
Browse Tuberculosis studies →University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill is the lead sponsor of 1,340 studies on the registry; 133 are open to participants now.
Of its 155 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 136 (88%) have results posted.
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Four hundred new enrollees at the Kalingalinga HIV Care and Treatment Clinic who are not currently being treated for TB.
Exclusion Criteria:
All new enrollees to a Lusaka HIV clinic will receive a full TB work-up.
Other: Comprehensive TB screening
All enrollees will receive a comprehensive TB screening regardless of symptom presentation.
Prevalence of undiagnosed TB in those with HIV.
Among the cohort of 400 new enrollees at the clinic, all will be tested for TB at the specified time points using enhanced TB screening. Initial diagnosis will use smear microscopy and culture. Chest X-ray will be performed on the second day of enrollment. Presumptive Diagnosis: As culture results will take several days or weeks to become available, a presumptive diagnosis will be made based on history and physical exam, symptoms, smear microscopy and chest radiography results. All patients who are smear-positive by at least one sample will be diagnosed with TB per national guidelines. Patients who are smear-negative or suspected of extra-pulmonary TB based on clinical or radiographic findings may be treated empirically for TB at the discretion of a clinical or medical officer. Sputum samples will also be sent for testing at the end of the study with the Xpert MTB/RIF assay.
Time frame: Enrollment screening visit
Incidence of TB in a cohort of HIV clinic patients screened as 'TB negative'.
To account for patients who are censored prior to 12 months of follow-up, the incidence of TB will be calculated as a rate. Each patient will contribute follow-up time until they are censored, are diagnosed with TB, or have been in the study for 12 months. Patients who were diagnosed with TB at enrollment will not be included.
Time frame: enrollment, 3, 6, 9 and 12 month visits.
Performance of diagnostic measures
The performance of symptom screening, light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, chest x-ray, and Xpert MTB/RIF assay compared to culture of sputum and other fluids in HIV-infected patients will be evaluated using data analysis methods.
Time frame: Days 1, 2, 3; Months 3, 6 9 and 12
Cost-effectiveness of each screening/diagnostic tool.
The primary outcomes of each diagnostic tool (or combination of diagnostic tools) that will be assessed are: cost per case diagnosed/detected, cost per patient cured, cost per case averted. For instance, the cost per case of active TB detected using the "null" or gold standard screening option will be calculated and compared to the cost per case of active TB detected using each of the other screening options.
Time frame: Days 1, 2, 3 and months 3, 6, 9 and 12
Clinical outcomes
Clinical outcomes will be measured in a cohort of HIV-infected patients and TB/HIV co-infected patients during the first 12 months of HIV care including but not limited to mortality, immune recovery and development of other opportunistic infections.
Time frame: up to 12 months post-enrollment
This study is completed, as verified in Dec 2014. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill