CClinicalTrials.gg
TerminatedNCT01962688Updated Jun 6, 2018Results posted

Handheld Ultrasound Evaluation of the Inferior Vena Cava to Guide Heart Failure Treatment

An interventional study of Handheld ultrasound and Sham ultrasound in Heart Failure, sponsored by Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Terminated at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2018-06-06.

Sponsored by Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care

Why this study was terminated
low enrollment
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
37
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to see if using a portable handheld ultrasound to guide diuretic therapy for heart failure patients will prevent hospital readmissions. This study will use a handheld ultrasound called a Vscan to look at a large vessel in the body called the Inferior Vena Cava (a vein leading to your heart) . The study aims to see whether changing diuretic therapy based on the size of this vessel will result in the less hospitalizations for heart failure patients as compared to just symptom guided therapy. This study is composed of two independent non-interacting trials-one in the outpatient setting and one in the inpatient setting.

Read the detailed description

The purpose of this research study is to investigate the use of pocket ultrasound device, called Vscan, in guiding diuretic therapy in ambulatory and inpatient Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) patients. Specifically, Vscan will be used to monitor Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) diameters with the goal of reaching a 50% reduction in IVC when compared to baseline measurements. We hypothesize that compared to the conventional clinical assessment Guided Diuretic Therapy, this new proposed Vscan guided therapy will result in reduction in hospitalization rates. This study is composed of two independent non-interacting randomized single blinded trials-one in the outpatient setting and one in the inpatient setting. 138 total patients and 300 patients will be recruited to the ambulatory trial and inpatient trial respectively.

  1. Objectives The objective of the study is to determine whether a simple one step protocol of increasing diuretics to guide a 50% reduction of IVC diameter from baseline measurements results in reduction in hospitalization rates as compared to those seen in therapy determined on the basis of conventional clinical evaluation by a CHF specialist.
  2. Background Congestive heart failure (CHF) remains a leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Despite advances in medical treatment, an estimated 250,000-300,000 CHF patients are hospitalized in the United States each year for symptoms caused by low cardiac output (CO). Although the events that cause acute decompensation are multifactorial, the common pathway associated with decreased ventricular function are autonomic dysfunction and fluid retention. It has been previously suggested that an estimated 50%-66% of CHF hospitalizations may be preventable with improved monitoring of fluid volume status. The size and shape of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is correlated to the central venous pressure and circulating blood volume. Therefore evaluation of the IVC provides an instantaneous non-invasive measure of volume status.
02

Conditions studied

  • Heart Failure

Browse trials for

Keywords

  • Heart Failure
  • Handheld ultrasound
  • Inferior Vena Cava
03

In context

Heart Failure

5,701 studies on the registry are indexed under Heart Failure; 1,220 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 37 is below the median of 72 across 3,736 interventional studies indexed under Heart Failure.

Browse Heart Failure studies →

Lead sponsor

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai is the lead sponsor of 764 studies on the registry; 181 are open to participants now.

Of its 121 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 82 (68%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Patients with a diagnosis of congestive heart failure
  • NYHA class II-IV (ambulatory only)
  • left ventricular systolic dysfunction with ejection fraction (EF) \< 50%
  • history of hospitalization for heart failure within the last year (ambulatory only)
  • age >18 years old
  • admission to heart failure service (inpatient arm only)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients with dyspnea not mainly due to heart failure
  • valvular disease requiring surgery
  • acute coronary syndromes within the previous 10 days
  • revascularization within the previous month
  • body mass index higher than 35
  • serum creatinine level higher than 2.49 mg/dL
  • a life expectancy of less than 3 years from noncardiovascular diseases (ambulatory arm only)
  • a life expectancy of less than 1 year from noncardiovascular disease (inpatient arm only)
  • non-cardiovascular causes of acute renal failure present on admission that preclude the use of diuretics (inpatient arm only)
  • unable to give informed consent
  • no follow-up possible
  • participating in another study
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Supportive care
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Participant)
Enrollment
37 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Handheld ultrasound - inpatient

    Handheld Ultrasound IVC Diameter Guided Diuretic Therapy Handheld ultrasound of the IVC diameter is used to guide diuretic therapy

    Device: Handheld ultrasound

  • Sham comparator
    Sham ultrasound - inpatient

    Conventional Symptom Guided Diuretic Therapy conventional clinical care as would occur outside of the study. These patients receive a sham ultrasound to facilitate blinding

    Device: Sham ultrasound

  • Experimental
    Handheld ultrasound - ambulatory

    Handheld Ultrasound IVC Diameter Guided Diuretic Therapy Handheld ultrasound of the IVC diameter is used to guide diuretic therapy in the ambulatory setting during normal clinic visits.

    Device: Handheld ultrasound

  • Sham comparator
    Sham ultrasound - ambulatory

    Conventional Symptom Guided Diuretic Therapy conventional clinical care as would occur outside of the study. These patients receive a sham ultrasound to facilitate blinding in the ambulatory setting during normal clinic visits.

    Device: Sham ultrasound

Interventions

  • DeviceHandheld ultrasound

    Handheld ultrasound determination of IVC diameter

    Also known as: VSCAN, Handheld Ultrasound IVC Diameter Guided Diuretic Therapy

  • DeviceSham ultrasound

    sham ultrasound to facilitate blinding

    Also known as: Conventional Symptom Guided Diuretic Therapy

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Number of Participants Hospitalized for Cardiovascular Reasons

    hospitalization information will be recorded throughout the length of the study for the outpatient arms

    Time frame: up to 6 months

  2. Number of Participants Hospitalized for Non-cardiac Reasons

    hospitalization information will be recorded throughout the length of the study for the inpatient arms

    Time frame: up to 6 months

  3. Diuretic Change Post-visit

    Differences in Changes made in Diuretic doses after Heart failure related visit

    Time frame: 6 months followup

Secondary outcomes

  1. Number of Participants in Each New York Heart Association Class

    New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classification Class I - No symptoms and no limitation in ordinary physical activity, e.g. shortness of breath when walking, climbing stairs etc. Class II - Mild symptoms (mild shortness of breath and/or angina) and slight limitation during ordinary activity. Class III - Marked limitation in activity due to symptoms, even during less-than-ordinary activity, e.g. walking short distances (20-100m). Comfortable only at rest. Class IV - Severe limitations. Experiences symptoms even while at rest. Mostly bedbound patients.

    Time frame: 6 months

  2. Change in Health Related Quality of Life

    Change in Health related quality of life at 6 months as compared to at 1 month

    Time frame: 1 month and 6 months

  3. Length of Stay

    length of stay in the hospital for inpatient arms only

    Time frame: up to 6 months

07

Results

Posted Jun 6, 2018
Limitations and caveats
This is a pilot study that involved a small sample size. Because of small sample size, randomization was per visit rather than per patient.

Participant flow

Heart Failure patients presented at outpatient clinics were prospectively recruited.

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneHandheld UltrasoundClinical Assessment Only
Started1918
Completed1918
Not completed00

Outcome measures

PrimaryNumber of Participants Hospitalized for Cardiovascular Reasons

hospitalization information will be recorded throughout the length of the study for the outpatient arms

Time frame:
up to 6 months
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants Hospitalized for Cardiovascular Reasons
ParticipantsHandheld UltrasoundClinical Assessment Only
Number of Participants Hospitalized for Cardiovascular Reasons45
PrimaryNumber of Participants Hospitalized for Non-cardiac Reasons

hospitalization information will be recorded throughout the length of the study for the inpatient arms

Time frame:
up to 6 months
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants Hospitalized for Non-cardiac Reasons
ParticipantsHandheld UltrasoundClinical Assessment Only
Number of Participants Hospitalized for Non-cardiac Reasons618
PrimaryDiuretic Change Post-visit

Differences in Changes made in Diuretic doses after Heart failure related visit

Time frame:
6 months followup
Reported as:
Count of units · Number of visits
Diuretic Change Post-visit
Number of visitsHandheld UltrasoundClinical Assessment Only
Increase107
Decrease64
Stay the same1554
Statistical analysis
  • Handheld Ultrasound · Chi-squared · p = 0.002
SecondaryNumber of Participants in Each New York Heart Association Class

New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classification Class I - No symptoms and no limitation in ordinary physical activity, e.g. shortness of breath when walking, climbing stairs etc. Class II - Mild symptoms (mild shortness of breath and/or angina) and slight limitation during ordinary activity. Class III - Marked limitation in activity due to symptoms, even during less-than-ordinary activity, e.g. walking short distances (20-100m). Comfortable only at rest. Class IV - Severe limitations. Experiences symptoms even while at rest. Mostly bedbound patients.

Time frame:
6 months
Reported as:
Number · visits
Number of Participants in Each New York Heart Association Class
visitsHandheld UltrasoundClinical Assessment Only
NYHA Class I01
NYHA Class II918
NYHA Class III2239
NYHA Class IV02
SecondaryChange in Health Related Quality of Life

Change in Health related quality of life at 6 months as compared to at 1 month

Time frame:
1 month and 6 months

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

SecondaryLength of Stay

length of stay in the hospital for inpatient arms only

Time frame:
up to 6 months

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

Adverse events

Collected over up to 6 months. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Handheld Ultrasound0/19 (0%)7/19 (36.8%)0/19 (0%)
Clinical Assessment Only0/18 (0%)10/18 (55.6%)0/18 (0%)
Most frequent serious events
Most frequent serious events
EventHandheld UltrasoundClinical Assessment Only
All cause HospitalizationCardiac disorders7/199/18
Cardiac Related HospitalizationCardiac disorders4/195/18
Non Cardiac HospitalizationCardiac disorders3/194/18

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Handheld UltrasoundClinical Assessment OnlyTotal
Mean60.9 ± 16.761.5 ± 11.761.2 ± 14.3
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Handheld UltrasoundClinical Assessment OnlyTotal
Female6511
Male131326
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Body Mass Index (BMI)(kg/m^2)Handheld UltrasoundClinical Assessment OnlyTotal
Mean26.3 ± 4.726.4 ± 5.526.4 ± 4.9
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy(participants)Handheld UltrasoundClinical Assessment OnlyTotal
yes81119
no11718
Ejection Fraction
Ejection Fraction(percent)Handheld UltrasoundClinical Assessment OnlyTotal
Mean24.8 ± 8.424.2 ± 9.524.5 ± 8.8
Diuretic use
Diuretic use(participants)Handheld UltrasoundClinical Assessment OnlyTotal
yes181533
no134
08

Study locations

1 site
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
    New York, New York 10029, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Lloyd-Jones D, Adams RJ, Brown TM, Carnethon M, Dai S, De Simone G, Ferguson TB, Ford E, Furie K, Gillespie C, Go A, Greenlund K, Haase N, Hailpern S, Ho PM, Howard V, Kissela B, Kittner S, Lackland D, Lisabeth L, Marelli A, McDermott MM, Meigs J, Mozaffarian D, Mussolino M, Nichol G, Roger VL, Rosamond W, Sacco R, Sorlie P, Stafford R, Thom T, Wasserthiel-Smoller S, Wong ND, Wylie-Rosett J; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Executive summary: heart disease and stroke statistics--2010 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010 Feb 23;121(7):948-54. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192666. No abstract available. Erratum In: Circulation. 2010 Mar 30;121(12):e259. PubMed 20177011 ↗
  • Solomon SD, Dobson J, Pocock S, Skali H, McMurray JJ, Granger CB, Yusuf S, Swedberg K, Young JB, Michelson EL, Pfeffer MA; Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) Investigators. Influence of nonfatal hospitalization for heart failure on subsequent mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation. 2007 Sep 25;116(13):1482-7. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.696906. Epub 2007 Aug 27. PubMed 17724259 ↗
  • O'Connor CM, Abraham WT, Albert NM, Clare R, Gattis Stough W, Gheorghiade M, Greenberg BH, Yancy CW, Young JB, Fonarow GC. Predictors of mortality after discharge in patients hospitalized with heart failure: an analysis from the Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure (OPTIMIZE-HF). Am Heart J. 2008 Oct;156(4):662-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.04.030. PubMed 18926148 ↗
  • Gheorghiade M, Filippatos G, De Luca L, Burnett J. Congestion in acute heart failure syndromes: an essential target of evaluation and treatment. Am J Med. 2006 Dec;119(12 Suppl 1):S3-S10. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.09.011. PubMed 17113398 ↗
  • Drazner MH, Hellkamp AS, Leier CV, Shah MR, Miller LW, Russell SD, Young JB, Califf RM, Nohria A. Value of clinician assessment of hemodynamics in advanced heart failure: the ESCAPE trial. Circ Heart Fail. 2008 Sep;1(3):170-7. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.769778. PubMed 19675681 ↗
  • Januzzi JL Jr, Camargo CA, Anwaruddin S, Baggish AL, Chen AA, Krauser DG, Tung R, Cameron R, Nagurney JT, Chae CU, Lloyd-Jones DM, Brown DF, Foran-Melanson S, Sluss PM, Lee-Lewandrowski E, Lewandrowski KB. The N-terminal Pro-BNP investigation of dyspnea in the emergency department (PRIDE) study. Am J Cardiol. 2005 Apr 15;95(8):948-54. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.12.032. PubMed 15820160 ↗
  • Ommen SR, Nishimura RA, Appleton CP, Miller FA, Oh JK, Redfield MM, Tajik AJ. Clinical utility of Doppler echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging in the estimation of left ventricular filling pressures: A comparative simultaneous Doppler-catheterization study. Circulation. 2000 Oct 10;102(15):1788-94. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.102.15.1788. PubMed 11023933 ↗
  • Kircher BJ, Himelman RB, Schiller NB. Noninvasive estimation of right atrial pressure from the inspiratory collapse of the inferior vena cava. Am J Cardiol. 1990 Aug 15;66(4):493-6. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(90)90711-9. PubMed 2386120 ↗
  • Blair JE, Brennan JM, Goonewardena SN, Shah D, Vasaiwala S, Spencer KT. Usefulness of hand-carried ultrasound to predict elevated left ventricular filling pressure. Am J Cardiol. 2009 Jan 15;103(2):246-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.08.061. Epub 2008 Oct 30. PubMed 19121445 ↗
  • Lucas C, Johnson W, Hamilton MA, Fonarow GC, Woo MA, Flavell CM, Creaser JA, Stevenson LW. Freedom from congestion predicts good survival despite previous class IV symptoms of heart failure. Am Heart J. 2000 Dec;140(6):840-7. doi: 10.1067/mhj.2000.110933. PubMed 11099986 ↗
  • Gheorghiade M, Follath F, Ponikowski P, Barsuk JH, Blair JE, Cleland JG, Dickstein K, Drazner MH, Fonarow GC, Jaarsma T, Jondeau G, Sendon JL, Mebazaa A, Metra M, Nieminen M, Pang PS, Seferovic P, Stevenson LW, van Veldhuisen DJ, Zannad F, Anker SD, Rhodes A, McMurray JJ, Filippatos G; European Society of Cardiology; European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Assessing and grading congestion in acute heart failure: a scientific statement from the acute heart failure committee of the heart failure association of the European Society of Cardiology and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Eur J Heart Fail. 2010 May;12(5):423-33. doi: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfq045. Epub 2010 Mar 30. PubMed 20354029 ↗
  • Goonewardena SN, Blair JE, Manuchehry A, Brennan JM, Keller M, Reeves R, Price A, Spencer KT, Puthumana J, Gheorghiade M. Use of hand carried ultrasound, B-type natriuretic peptide, and clinical assessment in identifying abnormal left ventricular filling pressures in patients referred for right heart catheterization. J Card Fail. 2010 Jan;16(1):69-75. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.08.004. Epub 2009 Sep 26. PubMed 20123321 ↗
  • Patel AR, Alsheikh-Ali AA, Mukherjee J, Evangelista A, Quraini D, Ordway LJ, Kuvin JT, Denofrio D, Pandian NG. 3D echocardiography to evaluate right atrial pressure in acutely decompensated heart failure correlation with invasive hemodynamics. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011 Sep;4(9):938-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2011.05.006. PubMed 21920330 ↗
  • Blehar DJ, Dickman E, Gaspari R. Identification of congestive heart failure via respiratory variation of inferior vena cava diameter. Am J Emerg Med. 2009 Jan;27(1):71-75. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2008.01.002. PubMed 19041537 ↗
  • Hollerbach S, Schultze K, Muscholl M, Scholmerich J. [Ultrasonography of the inferior vena cava (IVC) in the diagnosis and monitoring of therapy in patients with chronic congestive heart failure]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2001 Feb 9;126(6):129-33. doi: 10.1055/s-2001-11047. German. PubMed 11233879 ↗
  • Guiotto G, Masarone M, Paladino F, Ruggiero E, Scott S, Verde S, Schiraldi F. Inferior vena cava collapsibility to guide fluid removal in slow continuous ultrafiltration: a pilot study. Intensive Care Med. 2010 Apr;36(4):692-6. doi: 10.1007/s00134-009-1745-4. Epub 2010 Jan 22. PubMed 20094880 ↗
  • Goonewardena SN, Gemignani A, Ronan A, Vasaiwala S, Blair J, Brennan JM, Shah DP, Spencer KT. Comparison of hand-carried ultrasound assessment of the inferior vena cava and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide for predicting readmission after hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2008 Sep;1(5):595-601. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2008.06.005. PubMed 19356487 ↗
  • Gackowski A, Isnard R, Golmard JL, Pousset F, Carayon A, Montalescot G, Hulot JS, Thomas D, Piwowarska W, Komajda M. Comparison of echocardiography and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide for monitoring the response to treatment in acute heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2004 Oct;25(20):1788-96. doi: 10.1016/j.ehj.2004.07.038. PubMed 15474693 ↗
  • Moreno FL, Hagan AD, Holmen JR, Pryor TA, Strickland RD, Castle CH. Evaluation of size and dynamics of the inferior vena cava as an index of right-sided cardiac function. Am J Cardiol. 1984 Feb 1;53(4):579-85. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(84)90034-1. PubMed 6695787 ↗
  • McCullough PA, Nowak RM, McCord J, Hollander JE, Herrmann HC, Steg PG, Duc P, Westheim A, Omland T, Knudsen CW, Storrow AB, Abraham WT, Lamba S, Wu AH, Perez A, Clopton P, Krishnaswamy P, Kazanegra R, Maisel AS. B-type natriuretic peptide and clinical judgment in emergency diagnosis of heart failure: analysis from Breathing Not Properly (BNP) Multinational Study. Circulation. 2002 Jul 23;106(4):416-22. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000025242.79963.4c. PubMed 12135939 ↗
  • Miller JB, Sen A, Strote SR, Hegg AJ, Farris S, Brackney A, Amponsah D, Mossallam U. Inferior vena cava assessment in the bedside diagnosis of acute heart failure. Am J Emerg Med. 2012 Jun;30(5):778-83. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2011.04.008. Epub 2011 Jun 12. PubMed 21665408 ↗
  • Brennan JM, Blair JE, Goonewardena S, Ronan A, Shah D, Vasaiwala S, Kirkpatrick JN, Spencer KT. Reappraisal of the use of inferior vena cava for estimating right atrial pressure. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007 Jul;20(7):857-61. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2007.01.005. PubMed 17617312 ↗
  • Wang CS, FitzGerald JM, Schulzer M, Mak E, Ayas NT. Does this dyspneic patient in the emergency department have congestive heart failure? JAMA. 2005 Oct 19;294(15):1944-56. doi: 10.1001/jama.294.15.1944. PubMed 16234501 ↗
  • Jardin F, Vieillard-Baron A. Ultrasonographic examination of the venae cavae. Intensive Care Med. 2006 Feb;32(2):203-206. doi: 10.1007/s00134-005-0013-5. Epub 2006 Feb 1. No abstract available. PubMed 16450103 ↗
  • Nagueh SF, Kopelen HA, Zoghbi WA. Relation of mean right atrial pressure to echocardiographic and Doppler parameters of right atrial and right ventricular function. Circulation. 1996 Mar 15;93(6):1160-9. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.93.6.1160. PubMed 8653837 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

10

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 6, 2018, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01962688
Lead sponsor
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Responsible party
Jagat Narula (Associate Dean for Global Affairs, Professor Medicine, Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai) — Principal investigator
First posted
Oct 14, 2013
Start date
Aug 2013
Primary completion
Dec 2015
Completion
Dec 2015
Results posted
Jun 6, 2018
Last update
Jun 6, 2018

Study contacts

Jagat Narula, MD, PhD
principal investigator · Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is terminated, as verified in Jun 2018. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion