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CompletedNCT01741051Updated Jan 23, 2020

A Randomized Air Filter Intervention Study of Air Pollution and Fetal Growth in a Highly Polluted Community

An interventional study of HEPA Filter in Fetal Growth Restriction, sponsored by Simon Fraser University. Completed at 1 site in Mongolia. Open to female participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-01-23.

Sponsored by Simon Fraser University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
540
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
Female
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Study summary

The purpose of this study is to use an air filter intervention to evaluate the relationship between particulate matter air pollution exposure during pregnancy and fetal growth. We hypothesize that: 1) portable high efficiency air (HEPA) filters will produce major reductions in home indoor concentrations of particulate matter and 2) pregnant women whose exposures to particulate matter are reduced by this intervention will give birth to children with greater mean body weight for gestational age.

In an extended follow-up of this cohort, we aim to evaluate the relationship between use of portable air purifiers during pregnancy and the growth and development of children from birth to age four years. In particular, the follow-up study will focus on children's physical growth, respiratory symptoms, and behavioral, social and neurocognitive development.

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Conditions studied

  • Fetal Growth Restriction

Keywords

  • Air pollution
  • Particulate matter
  • Mongolia
  • Pregnancy
  • Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
  • Fetal growth
  • Birth weight
  • Gestational age
  • Obesity
  • IQ
  • Autism
  • Wheeze
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In context

Fetal Growth Retardation

262 studies on the registry are indexed under Fetal Growth Retardation; 69 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 540 is above the median of 150 across 110 interventional studies indexed under Fetal Growth Retardation.

Browse Fetal Growth Retardation studies →

Lead sponsor

Simon Fraser University is the lead sponsor of 29 studies on the registry; 6 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Adult (>18 years)
  • Pregnant woman in first trimester (\<14 weeks)
  • Single gestation pregnancy
  • Non-smoker

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Multiple-gestation pregnancy
  • Current smoker
  • Currently operating an air filter in the home
  • Currently living in a ger (traditional Mongolian felt-lined yurt)
  • Plan to give birth outside of a hospital or clinic in Ulaanbaatar
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Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
540 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    HEPA Filter

    HEPA filter(s) placed in the participant's home from approximately 10 weeks gestation until birth.

    Device: HEPA Filter

  • No intervention
    Control

Interventions

  • DeviceHEPA Filter
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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Gestational-age adjusted birthweight

    Time frame: At birth

  2. Birthweight

    Time frame: At birth

  3. Gestational age

    Time frame: At birth

  4. Head circumference

    Time frame: At birth

  5. Small for gestational age

    \<10%ile of birth weight for gestational age

    Time frame: At birth

  6. Birth length

    Birth length

    Time frame: At birth

  7. Child body mass index

    BMI = weight(kg)/height(m)\^2

    Time frame: Age 2 years

  8. Child body mass index

    BMI = weight(kg)/height(m)\^2

    Time frame: Age 4 years

  9. Child wheeze

    Parent-reported wheeze (ever/never and phenotypes)

    Time frame: Annually from birth to age 4 years

  10. Child behavioural development

    Sub-scales and composite scores from the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Third Edition (BASC-3)

    Time frame: Age 2 years

  11. Child behavioural development

    Sub-scales and composite scores from the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Third Edition (BASC-3)

    Time frame: Age 4 years

  12. Child neurocognitive development

    Sub-scales and index scores from the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV)

    Time frame: Age 4 years

  13. Child social development

    Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2) scores

    Time frame: Age 4 years

Secondary outcomes

  1. Blood pressure

    Time frame: At approximately 10, 11, 30 and 31 weeks gestation

  2. C-reactive protein

    Time frame: At approximately 10 and 30 weeks gestation

  3. Stratified Analyses

    For all variables, we will explore effect modification by maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, fraction of time spent at home, sex of the baby, season of birth, gestational age at birth, and the fraction of time that the HEPA filter(s) were used.

    Time frame: Various

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Study locations

1 site
  • Mongolia National University of Medical Sciences
    Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Enkhbat U, Gombojav E, Banzrai C, Batsukh S, Boldbaatar B, Enkhtuya E, Bellinger DC, Lanphear BP, McCandless LC, Allen RW. Portable HEPA filter air cleaner use during pregnancy and children's autistic behaviors at four years of age: The UGAAR randomized controlled trial. Environ Int. 2022 Oct;168:107432. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107432. Epub 2022 Jul 25. PubMed 36007302 ↗
  • Ulziikhuu B, Gombojav E, Banzrai C, Batsukh S, Enkhtuya E, Boldbaatar B, Bellinger DC, Lanphear BP, McCandless LC, Tamana SK, Allen RW. Portable HEPA Filter Air Cleaner Use during Pregnancy and Children's Cognitive Performance at Four Years of Age: The UGAAR Randomized Controlled Trial. Environ Health Perspect. 2022 Jun;130(6):67006. doi: 10.1289/EHP10302. Epub 2022 Jun 22. PubMed 35730943 ↗
  • Enkhbat U, Gombojav E, Banzrai C, Batsukh S, Boldbaatar B, Enkhtuya E, Ochir C, Bellinger DC, Lanphear BP, McCandless LC, Allen RW. Portable HEPA filter air cleaner use during pregnancy and children's behavior problem scores: a secondary analysis of the UGAAR randomized controlled trial. Environ Health. 2021 Jul 5;20(1):78. doi: 10.1186/s12940-021-00763-6. PubMed 34225757 ↗
  • Barn P, Gombojav E, Ochir C, Boldbaatar B, Beejin B, Naidan G, Galsuren J, Legtseg B, Byambaa T, Hutcheon JA, Janes C, Janssen PA, Lanphear BP, McCandless LC, Takaro TK, Venners SA, Webster GM, Allen RW. The effect of portable HEPA filter air cleaner use during pregnancy on fetal growth: The UGAAR randomized controlled trial. Environ Int. 2018 Dec;121(Pt 1):981-989. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.036. Epub 2018 Sep 10. PubMed 30213473 ↗
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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jan 23, 2020, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01741051
Lead sponsor
Simon Fraser University
Collaborators
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Responsible party
Ryan Allen (Associate Professor, Simon Fraser University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Dec 4, 2012
Start date
Jan 2014
Primary completion
Dec 2019
Completion
Dec 2019
Last update
Jan 23, 2020

Study contacts

Ryan Allen, PhD
principal investigator · Simon Fraser University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Jan 2020. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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