An interventional study of High palmitate or high oleate diet. in Obesity, sponsored by University of Vermont. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 40 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2015-12-02.
Sponsored by University of Vermont · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention
High intakes of saturated fat are associated with diabetes. Our work has shown that the two most common fatty acids in the North American diet, palmitic acid (saturated fat) and oleic acid (monounsaturated fat) are metabolized differently and have opposite effects on fat burning. The proposed study will examine biochemical and molecular mechanisms for how a high saturated fat diet versus a low saturated fat/high monounsaturated fat diet alters the action of the hormone, insulin, in skeletal muscle.
Palmitic acid (PA), impairs insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, and replacing PA in the diet with oleic acid (OA), a monounsaturated fatty acid (FA), may be beneficial. The first objective of this project is to understand the effects on lipid metabolism and skeletal muscle lipid composition, insulin signaling, and inflammatory signaling of two common variations in FA composition of the diet: (1) The typical intake of North America where PA and OA are present in equal proportions (HI PA diet). (2) The Mediterranean FA composition in which PA is much lower and OA much higher (HI OA diet). PA may induce insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells via its accumulation in lipids within muscle cells and via activation of inflammatory signaling. The second objective of this project is to assess the hypothesis that a high intake of PA will down-regulate its own one-carbon (initial) oxidation, leading to increased inflammatory signaling and decreased insulin signaling. However, there is literature evidence that FA may induce defects in insulin signaling, if FA are not completely oxidized; therefore, the third objective is to assess the hypotheses that a high PA diet may decrease complete oxidation of FA and possibly accelerate initial FA oxidation. A double-masked, cross-over trial of the effects of a high PA diet versus a high OA/low PA diet in 16 overweight or obese subjects and 16 lean subjects (aged 18 - 40 yr) will be conducted to investigate the following Specific Aims:
University of Vermont is the lead sponsor of 215 studies on the registry; 28 are open to participants now.
Of its 16 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 9 (56%) have results posted.
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This is a solid food diet in which vegetable oils are used to create a dietary fat composition similar to the average American/Western diet in which palmitic and oleic acid are ingested in approximately equal amounts (high palmitate diet) or a composition similar to the Mediterranean Diet (low palmitate, high oleate, using hazelnut oil as the source of fat). There are no interventions other than the diet itself.
Dietary Supplement: High palmitate or high oleate diet.
This is a solid food diet in which vegetable oils are used to create a dietary fat composition similar to the average American/Western diet in which palmitic and oleic acid are ingested in approximately equal amounts (high palmitate diet) or a composition similar to the Mediterranean Diet (low palmitate, high oleate, using hazelnut oil as the source of fat). There are no interventions other than the diet itself.
Dietary Supplement: High palmitate or high oleate diet.
High palmitate diet composition: Fat, 40.4% kcal; palmitic acid, 16.0% kcal; oleic acid,16.2% kcal. High oleate diet composition: Fat, 40.1% kcal; palmitic acid, 2.4% kcal; oleic acid, 28.8% kcal
Whether increased palmitate balance (as measured by intake and the rate of [1-13C]-PA oxidation) causes increased insulin resistance and increased inflammatory signaling by peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Insulin sensitivity, inflammatory signaling, palmitate balance, and incomplete oxidation of palmitate in lean and obese young adults.
Time frame: up to 4 yr
We will examine the link between palmitate intake and balance and oxidative stress measured using muscle and peripheral blood markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant responses.
activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and heme oxygenase 1 in skeletal muscle in response to the diets.
Time frame: up to 4 yr
This study is completed, as verified in Nov 2015. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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University of Vermont