ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT01466361Updated Aug 28, 2019Results posted

Evaluation of the Nicotine Lozenge in Relief of Provoked Acute Craving

A Phase 2 interventional study of Nicotine lower dose and Nicotine higher dose in Smoking and Smoking Cessation, sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2019-08-28.

Sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
187
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study is designed to evaluate the ability of a nicotine lozenge to relieve craving for a cigarette compared to a matched placebo (a placebo is like sugar pill and contains no active).

02

Conditions studied

  • Smoking
  • Smoking Cessation

Keywords

  • Nicotine
  • Nicotine craving
03

In context

Smoking

325 studies on the registry are indexed under Smoking; 141 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 187 is above the median of 117 across 250 interventional studies indexed under Smoking.

Browse Smoking studies →

Lead sponsor

GlaxoSmithKline is the lead sponsor of 3,647 studies on the registry; 118 are open to participants now.

Of its 264 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 239 (91%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Generally healthy smokers who smoke more than 5 cigarettes per day
  • Body mass index (BMI) within the range 19-35 kilogram (kg)/meter (m)\^2
  • Females of childbearing potential who are, in the opinion of the investigator, practicing a reliable method of contraception.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Women who are pregnant or who have a positive urine pregnancy test.
  • Participants with known or suspected intolerance or hypersensitivity to the study materials (or closely related compounds) or any of their stated ingredients.
  • Clinical Study/Experimental Medication: Participation in another clinical study or receipt of an investigational drug within 30 days of the screening visit.
  • Prior Concomitant Medication: Treatment with enzyme altering agents (e.g. carbamazepine, phenytoin, cimetidine, sodium valporate) within 30 days of the craving provocation visit; Use of any prescription psychoactive medication (such as but not limited to antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics) within 14 days of the craving provocation visit; Participant has used an over-the-counter (OTC) medication such as antihistamines, sedating agents, or any compound that would have a sedating effect within 24 hours of the craving provocation visit; Current use of any nicotine replacement therapy.
  • Substance abuse: Recent history or current history (within the last 1 year) of alcohol or other substance abuse.
05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment
187 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Lower dose Nicotine

    lower dose nicotine lozenge

    Drug: Nicotine lower dose

  • Active comparator
    Higher dose Nicotine

    higher dose Nicotine lozenge

    Drug: Nicotine higher dose

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebo

    Placebo

    Drug: Placebo

Interventions

  • DrugNicotine lower dose

    lower dose nicotine lozenge

  • DrugNicotine higher dose

    higher dose nicotine lozenge

  • DrugPlacebo

    placebo

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Mean Change From Baseline in Nicotine Cravings VAS Scores in Light Smokers

    Participants completed a nicotine craving assessment consisting of following five items: I have a desire for a cigarette right now, if it were possible I would smoke right now, All I want right now is a cigarette, I have an urge for a cigarette, I crave a cigarette right now. All participants indicated their craving intensity on a pre-drawn 100 mm scale ranging from 0 (disagree) to 100 (agree). At the end of the craving assessment period, mean VAS score (in mm) was measured.

    Time frame: Baseline, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 minutes post-treatment

  2. Mean Change From Baseline in Nicotine Cravings VAS Scores in Heavy Smokers

    Participants completed a nicotine craving assessment consisting of following five items: I have a desire for a cigarette right now, if it were possible I would smoke right now, All I want right now is a cigarette, I have an urge for a cigarette, I crave a cigarette right now. All participants indicated their craving intensity on a pre-drawn 100 mm scale ranging from 0 (disagree) to 100 (agree). At the end of the craving assessment period, mean VAS score (in mm) was measured.

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 minutes and 15 minutes post-treatment

Secondary outcomes

  1. Percentage of Responders With Improved Craving Scores in Heavy and Light Smokers Group

    Responders were defined as participants with an increase of at least one point (on the 100 point VAS scale) from baseline prior to provoked craving paradigm (B1) to baseline post provoked craving paradigm (B2) on the average cravings score. Percentage of these responders was calculated to evaluate the provocation rate.

    Time frame: Baseline prior to provoked craving paradigm, baseline post provoked craving paradigm

  2. Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious AEs (SAEs)

    AE was defined as any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with study treatment/s. SAE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose results in death; is life threatening; requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization results in disability/ incapacity; is a congenital anomaly/ birth defect.

    Time frame: Baseline, 0 minute, 60 minutes and 5 days post treatment

07

Results

Posted Dec 4, 2012

Participant flow

Participants were recruited at the clinical site.

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneNicotine Lozenge 4 Milligrams (mg) (Heavy Smokers Group)Placebo Lozenge (Heavy Smokers Group)Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group)Placebo Lozenge (Light Smokers Group)
Started52346041
Completed52346041
Not completed0000

Outcome measures

PrimaryMean Change From Baseline in Nicotine Cravings VAS Scores in Light Smokers

Participants completed a nicotine craving assessment consisting of following five items: I have a desire for a cigarette right now, if it were possible I would smoke right now, All I want right now is a cigarette, I have an urge for a cigarette, I crave a cigarette right now. All participants indicated their craving intensity on a pre-drawn 100 mm scale ranging from 0 (disagree) to 100 (agree). At the end of the craving assessment period, mean VAS score (in mm) was measured.

Time frame:
Baseline, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 minutes post-treatment
Reported as:
Least squares mean · Score on a scale
Mean Change From Baseline in Nicotine Cravings VAS Scores in Light Smokers
Score on a scaleNicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group)Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)
1 minute-15.40 ± 2.439-8.17 ± 2.958
3 minutes-24.42 ± 3.108-17.26 ± 3.770
5 minutes-30.19 ± 3.257-23.86 ± 3.950
10 minutes-35.33 ± 3.428-30.23 ± 4.158
15 minutes-38.99 ± 3.689-33.99 ± 4.475
Statistical analysis
  • Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group) vs Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group) · ANCOVA · p = 0.0643 · Least square mean difference: -7.23 · 95% CI -14.89 to 0.44Treatment comparisons were made between nicotine 1.5mg lozenge and placebo lozenge at 5% significance level.
  • Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group) vs Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group) · ANCOVA · p = 0.1489 · Least square mean difference: -7.16 · 95% CI -16.93 to 2.61Treatment comparisons were made between nicotine 1.5mg lozenge and placebo lozenge at 5% significance level.
  • Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group) vs Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group) · ANCOVA · p = 0.2225 · Least square mean difference: -6.33 · 95% CI -16.56 to 3.90Treatment comparisons were made between 1.5mg nicotine lozenge and placebo lozenge at 5% significance level.
  • Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group) vs Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group) · ANCOVA · p = 0.3491 · Least square mean difference: -5.11 · 95% CI -15.87 to 5.66Treatment comparisons were made between 1.5mg nicotine lozenge and placebo lozenge at 5% significance level.
  • Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group) vs Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group) · ANCOVA · p = 0.3936 · Least square mean difference: -5.00 · 95% CI -16.60 to 6.59Treatment comparisons were made between 1.5mg nicotine lozenge and placebo lozenge at 5% significance level.
PrimaryMean Change From Baseline in Nicotine Cravings VAS Scores in Heavy Smokers

Participants completed a nicotine craving assessment consisting of following five items: I have a desire for a cigarette right now, if it were possible I would smoke right now, All I want right now is a cigarette, I have an urge for a cigarette, I crave a cigarette right now. All participants indicated their craving intensity on a pre-drawn 100 mm scale ranging from 0 (disagree) to 100 (agree). At the end of the craving assessment period, mean VAS score (in mm) was measured.

Time frame:
Baseline, 3 minutes and 15 minutes post-treatment
Reported as:
Least squares mean · Score on a scale
Mean Change From Baseline in Nicotine Cravings VAS Scores in Heavy Smokers
Score on a scaleNicotine Lozenge 4mg (Heavy Smokers Group)Placebo Lozenge 1 (Heavy Smokers Group)
1 minute-16.82 ± 2.613-13.24 ± 3.232
3 minutes-29.52 ± 3.124-19.82 ± 3.865
Statistical analysis
  • Nicotine Lozenge 4mg (Heavy Smokers Group) vs Placebo Lozenge 1 (Heavy Smokers Group) · ANCOVA · p = 0.3922 · Least square mean difference: -3.58 · 95% CI -11.85 to 4.70Treatment comparisons were made between 4mg nicotine lozenge and placebo lozenge at 5% significance level.
  • Nicotine Lozenge 4mg (Heavy Smokers Group) vs Placebo Lozenge 1 (Heavy Smokers Group) · ANCOVA · p = 0.0547 · Least square mean difference: -9.70 · 95% CI -19.59 to 0.20Treatment comparisons were made between 4mg nicotine lozenge and placebo lozenge at 5% significance level.
SecondaryPercentage of Responders With Improved Craving Scores in Heavy and Light Smokers Group

Responders were defined as participants with an increase of at least one point (on the 100 point VAS scale) from baseline prior to provoked craving paradigm (B1) to baseline post provoked craving paradigm (B2) on the average cravings score. Percentage of these responders was calculated to evaluate the provocation rate.

Time frame:
Baseline prior to provoked craving paradigm, baseline post provoked craving paradigm
Reported as:
Number · percentage
Percentage of Responders With Improved Craving Scores in Heavy and Light Smokers Group
percentageLight Smokers GroupHeavy Smokers Group
Percentage of Responders With Improved Craving Scores in Heavy and Light Smokers Group77.275.6
SecondaryNumber of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious AEs (SAEs)

AE was defined as any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with study treatment/s. SAE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose results in death; is life threatening; requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization results in disability/ incapacity; is a congenital anomaly/ birth defect.

Time frame:
Baseline, 0 minute, 60 minutes and 5 days post treatment
Reported as:
Number · participants
Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious AEs (SAEs)
participantsNicotine Lozenge 4 mg (Heavy Smokers Group)Placebo Lozenge 1 (Heavy Smokers Group)Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group)Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)
AEs11011
SAE0000

Adverse events

Collected over All AEs encountered or spontaneously reported following administration of any study treatment, and up to 5 days after the last administration of study treatment were recorded.. Non-serious events are listed at a 1% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group)—0/60 (0%)1/60 (1.7%)
Nicotine Lozenge 4mg (Heavy Smokers Group)—0/52 (0%)11/52 (21.2%)
Placebo Lozenge 1 (Heavy Smokers Group)—0/34 (0%)0/34 (0%)
Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)—0/41 (0%)1/41 (2.4%)
Most frequent other events
Most frequent other events
EventNicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group)Nicotine Lozenge 4mg (Heavy Smokers Group)Placebo Lozenge 1 (Heavy Smokers Group)Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)
HiccupsRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders0/606/520/340/41
NauseaGastrointestinal disorders0/605/520/340/41
Throat IrritationRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders0/602/520/341/41
Oral discomfortGastrointestinal disorders0/601/520/340/41
RetchingGastrointestinal disorders0/601/520/340/41
HeadacheNervous system disorders0/601/520/340/41
CoughRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders1/600/520/340/41

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(Years)Nicotine Lozenge 4 mg (Heavy Smokers Group)Placebo Lozenge 1 (Heavy Smokers Group)Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group)Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)Total
Mean45.1 ± 10.4245.9 ± 9.4343.9 ± 11.4845.0 ± 10.5945.0 ± 10.48
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Nicotine Lozenge 4 mg (Heavy Smokers Group)Placebo Lozenge 1 (Heavy Smokers Group)Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group)Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)Total
Female2316242184
Male29183620103
Nicotine cravings assessment baseline scores on a Visual Analogue scale (VAS)
Nicotine cravings assessment baseline scores on a Visual Analogue scale (VAS)(Score on a scale)Nicotine Lozenge 4 mg (Heavy Smokers Group)Placebo Lozenge 1 (Heavy Smokers Group)Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group)Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)Total
Baseline score prior provoked craving paradigm(B1)68.3 ± 29.14769.54 ± 26.53470.00 ± 20.89562.3 ± 25.78567.5 ± 26.090
Baseline score post provoked craving paradigm (B2)76.03 ± 24.84978.39 ± 23.65976.96 ± 21.66769.1 ± 26.33575.1 ± 24.127
08

Study locations

1 site
  • Los Angeles Clinical Trials
    Burbank, California 91505, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Nides M, Shanga GM, Bishop A, Becker WD. Nicotine Lozenges in the Relief of Behaviorally Provoked Craving. Am J Health Behav. 2018 May 1;42(3):69-80. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.42.3.7. PubMed 29663982 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — IPD for this study will be made available via the Clinical Study Data Request site.

Supporting information: Study protocol, Statistical analysis plan, Informed consent form, Clinical study report

Time frame: IPD is available via the Clinical Study Data Request site (click on the link provided below)

Access criteria: Access is provided after a research proposal is submitted and has received approval from the Independent Review Panel and after a Data Sharing Agreement is in place. Access is provided for an initial period of 12 months but an extension can be granted, when justified, for up to another 12 months.

Data sharing details ↗ · clinicalstudydatarequest.com

10

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 28, 2019, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01466361
Lead sponsor
GlaxoSmithKline
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Nov 7, 2011
Start date
Sep 2010
Primary completion
Dec 2010
Completion
Dec 2010
Results posted
Dec 4, 2012
Last update
Aug 28, 2019

Study contacts

GSK Clinical Trials
study director · GlaxoSmithKline

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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