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CompletedNCT01371292AIMUpdated Sep 17, 2014

A Transformational Teaching Intervention: Adolescents in Motion (AIM) Trial

An interventional study of Transformational Teaching and Standard Educational Practices in Physical Activity, sponsored by University of British Columbia. Completed at 4 sites in Canada. Open to participants aged 13 Years to 15 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2014-09-17.

Sponsored by University of British Columbia · Not applicable and Interventional

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
2,160
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
13 Years to 15 Years
Sex
All
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Study summary

The purpose of this Randomized Controlled Tria (RCT) is to evaluate the effects of a transformational teaching intervention in comparison to 'standard educational practices' within school-based physical education classes (within three Canadian provinces; British Columbia, Ontario and Nova Scotia) across 5 months.

Read the detailed description

Physical inactivity among adolescents has been linked to a vast array of physical and mental health problems. One potential vehicle to foster adolescent involvement in physical activity relates to physical education in schools.

A potentially important framework, that has recently been applied to educational and health promotion contexts, relates to transformational leadership theory. Transformational leadership involves the demonstration of behaviors that empower and inspire others to achieve higher levels of functioning, and has been consistently found to be associated with greater motivation, self-efficacy, well-being, and performance in those being led. From an applied perspective, a growing body of evidence also suggests that transformational behaviors can be developed in leaders through short-term interventions (e.g., one-day workshops), which subsequently result in positive changes in followers' attitudinal and behavioral responses.

With this in mind, the overall goal of this Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) is to test the efficacy of a theory-driven evidence-based transformational teaching intervention for use within school-based physical activity settings. In this 5-month trial, physical education teachers from 36 schools from three provinces across Canada (British Columbia, Ontario and Nova Scotia) will be provided with (through a one day work shop and follow-up support program) the resources they need to implement transformational teaching behaviours in their day-to-day teaching practices. The primary hypothesis for this RCT is that students taught by teachers in the intervention condition will display greater adoption and maintenance of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) behaviors outside of school hours in comparison to control students, after controlling for baseline levels. A process evaluation will also be conducted with teachers to evaluate the procedures embedded within the intervention.

02

Conditions studied

  • Physical Activity

Keywords

  • Physical activity
  • Transformational leadership
  • Physical education
03

In context

Lead sponsor

University of British Columbia is the lead sponsor of 1,309 studies on the registry; 253 are open to participants now.

Of its 6 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 1 (17%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
13 Years to 15 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • Grade 9 (aged 14 (+/- 1 year))

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Do not have basic working knowledge of English
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
2,160 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Transformational teaching condition

    Teachers allocated to this condition will receive the transformational teaching intervention.

    Behavioral: Transformational Teaching

  • Active comparator
    Standard practice control condition

    Teachers allocated to this condition will not receive the transformational teaching intervention. Instead they will take part in a parallel workshop offered by their respective school board (unrelated to transformational leadership training).

    Behavioral: Standard Educational Practices

Interventions

  • BehavioralTransformational Teaching

    Physical education teachers randomly assigned to the experimental condition will (through a 1-day workshop format) be provided with the resources to implement transformational approaches in their day-to-day work. In addition, these teachers will be involved in a follow-up support program following the workshop to help them to implement transformational teaching strategies that were developed in the workshop.

  • BehavioralStandard Educational Practices

    Physical education teachers randomly assigned to the control condition will take part in a professional development day workshop provided by their respective School Board. This will involve the same amount of contact time, and will take place on the same day as the transformational teaching workshop. It should be noted that the focus of those alternative workshops is unrelated to transformational leadership training.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)

    In addition to collecting self-report physical activity data through the use of questionnaires, a subsample of students (360 out of the overall sample of 2160) will be randomly selected and invited to wear a small physical activity monitor (accelerometer) on three occasions (January, March and May 2012) over the 5-month trial (for 7-days at each data point). The unit of measure that will be used to assess this outcome variable is MINUTES of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity both during leisure time hours (i.e., outside of school) and within school hours.

    Time frame: 5 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Physical activity-related cognitions and attitudes

    All adolescents will complete validated measures of self-efficacy (within class self-efficacy and environmental change self-efficacy), intrinsic motivation and attitudes surrounding physical education and leisure-time physical activity at each of the three time points (January, March and May 2012). Units of measure will be participants' responses on these validated scales.

    Time frame: 5 months

  2. Teaching efficacy

    The physical education teachers (approximately n=72) involved in the trial will complete measures of teaching efficacy at each of the three time points (January, March and May 2012). The unit of measure will be teachers' responses on this validated scale.

    Time frame: 5 months

  3. Transformational teaching behaviors

    Adolescents' perceptions of their physical education teacher's transformational behaviors will be measured at each of the three time points (January, March and May 2012). The unit of measure will be adolescents' responses on this validated scale.

    Time frame: 5 months

07

Study locations

4 sites
  • University of British Columbia
    Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z1, Canada
  • Acadia University
    Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada
  • Queen's University
    Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
  • Nipissing University
    North Bay, Ontario P1B8L7, Canada
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Beauchamp MR, Barling J, Li Z, Morton KL, Keith SE, Zumbo BD. Development and psychometric properties of the transformational teaching questionnaire. J Health Psychol. 2010 Nov;15(8):1123-34. doi: 10.1177/1359105310364175. Epub 2010 Jun 3. PubMed 20522503 ↗
  • Beauchamp MR, Morton KL. Transformational teaching and physical activity engagement among adolescents. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2011 Jul;39(3):133-9. doi: 10.1097/JES.0b013e31822153e7. PubMed 21552132 ↗
  • Morton KL, Keith SE, Beauchamp MR. Transformational teaching and physical activity: a new paradigm for adolescent health promotion? J Health Psychol. 2010 Mar;15(2):248-57. doi: 10.1177/1359105309347586. PubMed 20207668 ↗
  • Beauchamp MR, Barling J, Morton KL. Transformational teaching and adolescent self-determined motivation, self-efficacy, and intentions to engage in leisure time physical activity: A randomised controlled pilot Trial. DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-0854.2011.01048.x
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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 17, 2014, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01371292
Lead sponsor
University of British Columbia
Collaborators
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jun 10, 2011
Start date
Jan 2012
Primary completion
Jul 2013
Completion
Jul 2013
Last update
Sep 17, 2014

Study contacts

Mark R Beauchamp, PhD
principal investigator · University of British Columbia

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Sep 2014. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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