An interventional study of Retraining in Kidney Failure, Chronic, Peritoneal Dialysis-associated Peritonitis and Dialysis Capd Infection, sponsored by Sahlgrenska University Hospital. Completed at 1 site in Sweden. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-12-16.
Sponsored by Sahlgrenska University Hospital · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention
BACKGROUND: Peritonitis remains a significant problem in peritoneal dialysis (PD). It is the leading cause of technique failure, and contributes to mortality. The incidence is highest during the first year of treatment. Non-compliance with the PD protocol is shown to be an important risk factor for peritonitis. Reinforcement of knowledge and ability to perform PD therefore appears to be a possible way to reduce the incidence of peritonitis. This will be studied in The PEritonitis Prevention Study (PEPS).
METHODS: The objective of this randomized, multi-centre investigation, which will include 750 new PD patients who can perform (PD) without assistance, is to evaluate if regular retraining can reduce the incidence of peritonitis, the technique-failure rate, and the hospitalisation days due to peritonitis compared with regular follow-up regimen. Patients in the intervention group will be tested by a PD-technique test and a questionnaire at regular intervals after PD-start and after every peritonitis episode with focus on infection prophylaxis. If needed, they will be retrained. The control group will be treated according to the routine of the center.
The study is ongoing in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom (UK). The study will go on for 6 years.
BACKGROUND See above.
AIMS The primary aim of this trial is to study if regular follow-up of PD patients with testing of their theoretical and practical knowledge (hereafter called "new type of follow-up") can reduce the time to first peritonitis episode. Secondary aims were to study if the new type of follow-up could reduce the incidence of peritonitis, the technique failure rate related to peritonitis, and the time of hospitalization related to peritonitis compared to a routine regimen. For specific aims, see "Outcome measures" below. A further aim was to study risk factors for peritonitis.
PATIENTS AND METHODS The study is a randomized, multi-centre investigation intending to enclose 750 new PD patients in Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Inclusion was finished on December 31, 2014. The study will go on until the last included patient has taken part of the study for one year. The study will thus be terminated on December 31, 2015.
The study includes a retraining group and a control group. The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular testing of theoretical and practical knowledge regarding PD with focus on infection prophylaxis including retraining if needed until the test goals are reached. The control group will be treated according to the routines of the center. Peritonitis is defined according to International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (SPD) guidelines (Peritoneal Dialysis International 2005;25:107-131)
The baseline PD training will be the same at all participating centres and follow international recommendations. In addition, fluorescent alcohol and a UV lamp will be used to control the result of hand disinfection in all patients once during the initial PD training. Thereafter this method will only be used in the retraining group..
In the retraining group, the knowledge from the basal training will be tested at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after PD start, every sixth month thereafter, and after every episode of peritonitis. Such testing will also be performed at restart of PD and includes two types of tests:
2,108 studies on the registry are indexed under Kidney Failure, Chronic; 273 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 713 is above the median of 57 across 1,569 interventional studies indexed under Kidney Failure, Chronic.
Browse Kidney Failure, Chronic studies →Sahlgrenska University Hospital is the lead sponsor of 263 studies on the registry; 68 are open to participants now.
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Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.
Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.
Cancer (malignancy)
Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.
Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.
Behavioral: Retraining
Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.
Testing of the patients´ knowledge and retraining will be given if needed
Time to the First Dialysis-associated Peritonitis Episode in the Retraining Group and the Control Group
Time (days) after the date of randomization to the date of the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant. The cumulative time without peritonitis using the Cox regression model from which unadjusted hazard ratios were calculated. Actuarial survival curves showing proportions of peritonitis-free participants over time in the two groups were estimated by means of the Kaplan-Meier method. Log rank follow-up was used to compare the survival curves. Patients who stopped PD treatment due to causes other than peritonitis were managed according to the intention-to-treat principle.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis, i.e. to maximally 35 months after randomization. Time to first peritonitis was calculated for each participant.
Incidence of a First Dialysis-associated Peritonitis Episode in the Control and the Retraining Group
The incidence of a first peritonitis episode is expressed as the mean rate of a first peritonitis per patient year (event rate) with 95% confidence interval.
Time frame: The participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis, i.e. to maximally 35 months after randomization. The time in study was calculated for each participant
Incidence of All Peritonitis Episodes in the Control Group and the Retraining Group
The incidence of peritonitis episodes is expressed as the mean rate of peritonitis per patient year (event rate) with 95% confidence interval.
Time frame: The participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis, The time (days) of participation in the study was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of Age in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group
The association of baseline variables (at PD start) was studied in the whole study group. Age was recorded at baseline. Data were collected at baseline except for medication, PD modality (CAPD/APD, continuous ambulatory PD/automatic PD), number of PD bags and volume of dialysis fluid used per day, and if help with exit-site care was needed. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Gender" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group
Outcome data for the baseline variable "Gender" is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) or time-updated variables with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Body Weight" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
Outcome data for body weight at PD start is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) or time-updated variables with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Body Mass Index" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
Outcome data for body mass index at PD start is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) or time-updated variables with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Diabetic Nephropathy" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
Outcome data for the baseline variable "Diabetic nephropathy" as primary cause of kidney failure are presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Glomerulonephritis" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
Outcome data for the baseline variable "Glomerulonephritis" as primary cause of kidney failure is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Tubulointerstitial Nephritis" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
Outcome data for the baseline variable "Tubulointerstitial nephritis" as primary cause of kidney failure is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Polycystic Kidney Disease" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
Outcome data for the baseline variable "Polycystic kidney disease" as primary cause of kidney failure is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Ischemic Kidney Disease" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
Outcome data for the baseline variable "Ischemic kidney disease" as primary cause of kidney failure is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Nephrosclerosis/Hypertension" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
Outcome data for the baseline variable "Nephrosclerosis/hypertension" as primary cause of kidney failure is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Other Diagnosis" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
Outcome data for the baseline variable "Other diagnosis" as primary cause of kidney failure is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Unknown Primary Cause of Kidney Failure" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
Outcome data for the baseline variable "Unknown primary cause of kidney failure" as primary cause of kidney failure are presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Comorbidity" (According to Stoke Comorbidity Score) in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Comorbidity" in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The Stoke grading system of cardiovascular comorbidity was used to reflect the comorbid burden. Comorbidity was graded "0" when absent, "1" when 1 or 2, and "2" when 3 or more conditions were present. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) or time-updated variables with time to first was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Ischemic Heart Disease" as Comorbidity in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Ischemic heart disease" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Peripheral Vascular Disease or Stroke" as Comorbidity in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Peripheral vascular disease or stroke" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Peripheral vascular disease or stroke"" includes distal aortic, renovascular, and cerebrovascular disease as well as symptomatic disease in these vascular territories e.g. cerebrovascular accident, claudication, amputation or significant stenosis \>50% on vascular imaging or Doppler ultrasound. The association of baseline variables with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Left Ventricular Dysfunction" as Comorbidity in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Left ventricular dysfunction" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Left ventricular dysfunction includes clinical evidence of pulmonary oedema not attributable to errors in fluid balance or moderate to severe left ventricular dysfunction on echocardiography, or clinical signs of symptomatic moderate to severe heart failure. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Diabetes Mellitus as Comorbidity" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Diabetes mellitus as comorbidity" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "System Collagen Vascular Disease" as Comorbidity in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "System collagen vascular disease" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Other Significant Pathology" as Comorbidity in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Other significant pathology" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Other significant pathology includes diseases like severe chronic obstructive airway disease, liver cirrhosis, psychotic illness, and severe osteoarthritis. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Diabetes Mellitus as Comorbidity or Main Cause of Kidney Failure" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Diabetes mellitus as comorbidity or main cause of kidney failure" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Previous Kidney Replacement Therapy" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Previous kidney replacement therapy" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Functional Status (Karnofsky Score)" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Functional status (Karnofsky score)" in association with time to first peritonitis episode in the whole study group is presented. Functional status was estimated using the Karnofsky Performance Scale with scores from 100 (Normal, no complains, no evidence of disease) to 0 (dead). 90 = Able to carry on normal activity, minor signs or symptoms of disease. 80 = Normal activity with effort, some signs or symptoms of disease. 70 = Cares for self, unable to carry on normal activity or do active work. 60 = Requires occasional assistance, but able to to care for most of her/his needs. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of the Social Factor "Visual Impairment" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Visual impairment" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of the Social Factor "Impaired Hand Function" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline social factor "Impaired hand function" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The impairment of hand function was unspecified. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of the Social Factor "Working Full or Part Time" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline social factor "Working full or part time" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of the Social Factor "Retired" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline social factor "Retired" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of the Social Factor "Living Alone" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline social factor "Living alone" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of the Social Factor "Need for Translation/Interpreter" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline social factor "Working full or part time" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of the Social Factor "Current Smoking" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline social factor "Current smoking" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of the Biochemical Characteristic "Serum Creatinine" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline biological characteristic Serum creatinine (micromol/L) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Serum creatinine was measured just before the start of peritoneal dialysis. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of the Biochemical Characteristic "Serum Urea" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline biological characteristic Serum urea (mmol/L) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Serum urea was measured just before the start of peritoneal dialysis. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis episode was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of the Biochemical Characteristic "Serum Albumin" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline biological characteristic" Serum albumin" (g/L) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Serum albumin was measured just before the start of peritoneal dialysis. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis episode was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of the Biochemical Characteristic "Serum Albumin (< 35 g/L vs. 35 g/L or More)" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline biological characteristic "Serum albumin" (\< 35 g/L vs. 35 g/L or more) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Serum albumin was measured just before the start of peritoneal dialysis. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of the Biochemical Characteristic "Haemoglobin" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of the baseline biological characteristic "Serum haemoglobin" (mmol/L) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Serum haemoglobin was measured just before the start of peritoneal dialysis. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of the Use of a "Corticosteroid Drug" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The analysis of the use of a "Corticosteroid drug" (yes vs.no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. This variable may vary with time and is thus time-dependent. The variable was recorded at all study visits. The value recorded at the study visit which was closest to and prior to the first peritonitis episode was used in the univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses of the association of the variable with time to first peritonitis episode. Time-dependent univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The count of participants on corticosteroid treatment at baseline is presented below.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Cytotoxic Treatment" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
Analysis of "Cytotoxic treatment" (yes vs.no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. This variable may vary with time and is thus time-dependent. The variable was recorded at all study visits. The value recorded at the study visit which was closest to and prior to the first peritonitis episode was used in the time-dependent univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses of the association of the variable with time to first peritonitis episode. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The count of participants on cytotoxic treatment at baseline is presented below.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Type of Start of Peritoneal Dialysis" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of "Type of start of peritoneal dialysis" in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The type of start of peritoneal dialysis could be either planned or acute. The association of "Type of start of peritoneal dialysis" in association with time to first peritonitis episode was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "The Use of Antibiotics Prior to PD Catheter Insertion" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The statistical analysis of "The use of antibiotics prior to PD catheter insertion" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Antibiotics prior to PD catheter insertion may be given to prevent infection. The association of "The use of antibiotics prior to PD catheter insertion" in association with time to first peritonitis episode was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The count of participants who used antibiotics prior to PD catheter insertion is presented below.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "the Type of PD Catheter Used" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
PD catheters could be either be straight or coiled. The statistical analysis of "the type of PD catheter used" (straight vs. coiled) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of "the type of PD catheter used" in association with time to first peritonitis episode was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "PD Modality (CAPD/APD)" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
"PD modality (CAPD/APD)" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the whole study group was studied. A participant either used CAPD (Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis) or APD (Automated Peritoneal Dialysis) but may change the PD modality during the study. This variable may vary with time and is thus time-dependent. The time-dependent data was recorded at all study visits. The value recorded at the study visit which was closest to and prior to the first peritonitis episode for each participant was used in the analyses. The time-dependent data was included in a time-dependent Cox regression. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The c
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Number of PD Bags Used/24h" in Association With of Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The association of the "Number of PD bags used/24h" and Time to First Peritonitis Episode was studied. The number of PD bags used/24h many vary with time, as this variable is thus time-dependent. Data from PD start is presented below. As described in "Outcome measure 39", data was collected at each study visit. We recorded the number of bags connected to the PD catheter/24h in CAPD patients and in APD patients we recorded the number of bags connected to the tubing set/24h adding the daily number of bags connected to the PD catheter if additional manual daytime exchanges were used. The time-dependent data was included in a time-dependent univariable Cox regression to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "The Volume of Dialysis Fluid Used/24h" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The association of "The Volume of Dialysis Fluid used/24h" with the time to first peritonitis episode is analysed in the whole study group. The volume of dialysis fluid used per 24h can vary with time and is thus time-dependent. The dialysis fluid volume/24h used at PD start is reported below. The time-dependent data were recorded at all study visits. The value recorded at the study visit, which was closest to and prior to the first peritonitis episode for each participant was used in the analyses. The time-dependent data were included in a time-dependent Cox regression. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of "Need of Help With Exit-site Care" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.
The exit site is the point where the PD catheter emerges from the skin of the abdomen. The number of "participants who needed of help with exit-site care at PD start is reported below. The need of this help may vary with time. This variable is thus time-dependent. The time-dependent data were recorded at all study visits. The value recorded at the study visit, which was closest to and prior to the first peritonitis episode for each participant was used in the analyses. The data were included as time-varying covariates in a time-dependent Cox regression. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Analysis of the Association of the Study Group (Retraining Group vs. the Control Group) With Time to First Peritonitis Episode
Analysis of the association of the Study group (retraining group vs. control group) with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
Time frame: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.
Recruitment started on January 18th, 2010 and ended on December 31st, 2014. The recruitment time was prolonged from planned two years to five years. Of the 713 initially included subjects, only 671 met the inclusion criteria. Of the 671 randomized subjects, 331 were assigned to the Control group and 340 to the Follow-up group.
| Milestone | The Retraining Group | Control Group |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 340 | 331 |
| First peritonitis episode | 102 | 121 |
| Completed | 67 | 86 |
| Not completed | 273 | 245 |
| Withdrew: Kidney transplantation | 109 | 96 |
| Withdrew: Transfer to hemodialysis | 70 | 90 |
| Withdrew: Death | 27 | 29 |
| Withdrew: Transfer to assisted pd | 24 | 18 |
| Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject | 26 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Investigator decision | 5 | 2 |
| Withdrew: Kidney function improved | 6 | 7 |
| Withdrew: Other causes | 6 | 3 |
Time (days) after the date of randomization to the date of the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant. The cumulative time without peritonitis using the Cox regression model from which unadjusted hazard ratios were calculated. Actuarial survival curves showing proportions of peritonitis-free participants over time in the two groups were estimated by means of the Kaplan-Meier method. Log rank follow-up was used to compare the survival curves. Patients who stopped PD treatment due to causes other than peritonitis were managed according to the intention-to-treat principle.
| Days to first peritonitis episode | The Retraining Group | Control Group |
|---|---|---|
| Time to the First Dialysis-associated Peritonitis Episode in the Retraining Group and the Control Group | 381 (154 to 555) | 368 (161 to 617) |
The incidence of a first peritonitis episode is expressed as the mean rate of a first peritonitis per patient year (event rate) with 95% confidence interval.
| Peritonitis events per patient-year | The Retraining Group | Control Group |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence of a First Dialysis-associated Peritonitis Episode in the Control and the Retraining Group | 0.29 (0.23 to 0.35) | 0.31 (0.26 to 0.37) |
The incidence of peritonitis episodes is expressed as the mean rate of peritonitis per patient year (event rate) with 95% confidence interval.
| Peritonitis event rate per patient year | Control Group | The Retraining Group |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence of All Peritonitis Episodes in the Control Group and the Retraining Group | 0.36 (0.31 to 0.41) | 0.33 (0.28 to 0.39) |
The association of baseline variables (at PD start) was studied in the whole study group. Age was recorded at baseline. Data were collected at baseline except for medication, PD modality (CAPD/APD, continuous ambulatory PD/automatic PD), number of PD bags and volume of dialysis fluid used per day, and if help with exit-site care was needed. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Age, years (See statistical analysis 1) | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of Age in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group | 64 (19 to 87) | 62 (19 to 88) | 62 (19 to 88) |
Outcome data for the baseline variable "Gender" is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) or time-updated variables with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male participants | 229 | 217 | 446 |
| Female participants | 111 | 114 | 225 |
Outcome data for body weight at PD start is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) or time-updated variables with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Kg | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Body Weight" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 77 ± 15 | 79 ± 16 | 78 ± 15 |
Outcome data for body mass index at PD start is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) or time-updated variables with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Kg/m2 | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Body Mass Index" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 26 ± 4 | 26 ± 4 | 26 ± 4 |
Outcome data for the baseline variable "Diabetic nephropathy" as primary cause of kidney failure are presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Diabetic Nephropathy" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 63 | 87 | 150 |
Outcome data for the baseline variable "Glomerulonephritis" as primary cause of kidney failure is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Glomerulonephritis" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 87 | 87 | 174 |
Outcome data for the baseline variable "Tubulointerstitial nephritis" as primary cause of kidney failure is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Tubulointerstitial Nephritis" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 17 | 17 | 34 |
Outcome data for the baseline variable "Polycystic kidney disease" as primary cause of kidney failure is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Polycystic Kidney Disease" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 40 | 29 | 69 |
Outcome data for the baseline variable "Ischemic kidney disease" as primary cause of kidney failure is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Ischemic Kidney Disease" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Outcome data for the baseline variable "Nephrosclerosis/hypertension" as primary cause of kidney failure is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Nephrosclerosis/Hypertension" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 78 | 66 | 144 |
Outcome data for the baseline variable "Other diagnosis" as primary cause of kidney failure is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Other Diagnosis" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 38 | 26 | 64 |
Outcome data for the baseline variable "Unknown primary cause of kidney failure" as primary cause of kidney failure are presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Unknown Primary Cause of Kidney Failure" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 16 | 18 | 34 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Comorbidity" in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The Stoke grading system of cardiovascular comorbidity was used to reflect the comorbid burden. Comorbidity was graded "0" when absent, "1" when 1 or 2, and "2" when 3 or more conditions were present. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) or time-updated variables with time to first was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stoke score 0 (No comorbidity) | 193 | 202 | 395 |
| Stoke score 1-2 (1-2 comorbidities) | 128 | 117 | 245 |
| Stoke Score > 2 (More than 2 comorbidities) | 19 | 12 | 31 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Ischemic heart disease" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Ischemic Heart Disease" as Comorbidity in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 60 | 62 | 122 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Peripheral vascular disease or stroke" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Peripheral vascular disease or stroke"" includes distal aortic, renovascular, and cerebrovascular disease as well as symptomatic disease in these vascular territories e.g. cerebrovascular accident, claudication, amputation or significant stenosis \>50% on vascular imaging or Doppler ultrasound. The association of baseline variables with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Peripheral Vascular Disease or Stroke" as Comorbidity in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 39 | 27 | 66 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Left ventricular dysfunction" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Left ventricular dysfunction includes clinical evidence of pulmonary oedema not attributable to errors in fluid balance or moderate to severe left ventricular dysfunction on echocardiography, or clinical signs of symptomatic moderate to severe heart failure. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Left Ventricular Dysfunction" as Comorbidity in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 37 | 34 | 71 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Diabetes mellitus as comorbidity" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Diabetes Mellitus as Comorbidity" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 25 | 24 | 49 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "System collagen vascular disease" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "System Collagen Vascular Disease" as Comorbidity in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 20 | 10 | 30 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Other significant pathology" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Other significant pathology includes diseases like severe chronic obstructive airway disease, liver cirrhosis, psychotic illness, and severe osteoarthritis. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Other Significant Pathology" as Comorbidity in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 42 | 30 | 72 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Diabetes mellitus as comorbidity or main cause of kidney failure" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Diabetes Mellitus as Comorbidity or Main Cause of Kidney Failure" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 88 | 111 | 199 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Previous kidney replacement therapy" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Previous Kidney Replacement Therapy" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 68 | 61 | 129 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Functional status (Karnofsky score)" in association with time to first peritonitis episode in the whole study group is presented. Functional status was estimated using the Karnofsky Performance Scale with scores from 100 (Normal, no complains, no evidence of disease) to 0 (dead). 90 = Able to carry on normal activity, minor signs or symptoms of disease. 80 = Normal activity with effort, some signs or symptoms of disease. 70 = Cares for self, unable to carry on normal activity or do active work. 60 = Requires occasional assistance, but able to to care for most of her/his needs. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Karnofsky score numbers | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Functional Status (Karnofsky Score)" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 90 (80 to 95) | 90 (80 to 90) | 90 (80 to 90) |
The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Visual impairment" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of the Social Factor "Visual Impairment" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 17 | 28 | 45 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline social factor "Impaired hand function" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The impairment of hand function was unspecified. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of the Social Factor "Impaired Hand Function" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 23 | 21 | 44 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline social factor "Working full or part time" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of the Social Factor "Working Full or Part Time" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 103 | 102 | 205 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline social factor "Retired" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of the Social Factor "Retired" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 184 | 169 | 353 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline social factor "Living alone" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of the Social Factor "Living Alone" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 91 | 77 | 168 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline social factor "Working full or part time" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of the Social Factor "Need for Translation/Interpreter" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 9 | 13 | 22 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline social factor "Current smoking" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of the Social Factor "Current Smoking" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 34 | 39 | 73 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline biological characteristic Serum creatinine (micromol/L) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Serum creatinine was measured just before the start of peritoneal dialysis. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
| Micromol/L | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of the Biochemical Characteristic "Serum Creatinine" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 640 ± 234 | 650 ± 208 | 645 ± 222 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline biological characteristic Serum urea (mmol/L) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Serum urea was measured just before the start of peritoneal dialysis. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis episode was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
| mmol/L | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of the Biochemical Characteristic "Serum Urea" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 28 ± 9 | 28 ± 9 | 28 ± 9 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline biological characteristic" Serum albumin" (g/L) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Serum albumin was measured just before the start of peritoneal dialysis. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis episode was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
| g/L | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of the Biochemical Characteristic "Serum Albumin" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 34 ± 6 | 34 ± 6 | 34 ± 6 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline biological characteristic "Serum albumin" (\< 35 g/L vs. 35 g/L or more) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Serum albumin was measured just before the start of peritoneal dialysis. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serum albumin <35 g/L | 169 | 169 | 338 |
| Serum albumin 35 g/L or more | 171 | 162 | 333 |
The statistical analysis of the baseline biological characteristic "Serum haemoglobin" (mmol/L) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Serum haemoglobin was measured just before the start of peritoneal dialysis. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
| mmol/L | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of the Biochemical Characteristic "Haemoglobin" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 110 ± 14 | 111 ± 12 | 111 ± 13 |
The analysis of the use of a "Corticosteroid drug" (yes vs.no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. This variable may vary with time and is thus time-dependent. The variable was recorded at all study visits. The value recorded at the study visit which was closest to and prior to the first peritonitis episode was used in the univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses of the association of the variable with time to first peritonitis episode. Time-dependent univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The count of participants on corticosteroid treatment at baseline is presented below.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of the Use of a "Corticosteroid Drug" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 44 | 43 | 87 |
Analysis of "Cytotoxic treatment" (yes vs.no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. This variable may vary with time and is thus time-dependent. The variable was recorded at all study visits. The value recorded at the study visit which was closest to and prior to the first peritonitis episode was used in the time-dependent univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses of the association of the variable with time to first peritonitis episode. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The count of participants on cytotoxic treatment at baseline is presented below.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Cytotoxic Treatment" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 27 | 25 | 52 |
The statistical analysis of "Type of start of peritoneal dialysis" in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The type of start of peritoneal dialysis could be either planned or acute. The association of "Type of start of peritoneal dialysis" in association with time to first peritonitis episode was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Planned PD start | 300 | 278 | 578 |
| Acute PD start | 40 | 53 | 93 |
The statistical analysis of "The use of antibiotics prior to PD catheter insertion" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Antibiotics prior to PD catheter insertion may be given to prevent infection. The association of "The use of antibiotics prior to PD catheter insertion" in association with time to first peritonitis episode was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The count of participants who used antibiotics prior to PD catheter insertion is presented below.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "The Use of Antibiotics Prior to PD Catheter Insertion" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 305 | 305 | 610 |
PD catheters could be either be straight or coiled. The statistical analysis of "the type of PD catheter used" (straight vs. coiled) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of "the type of PD catheter used" in association with time to first peritonitis episode was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Straight PD catheter | 78 | 76 | 154 |
| Coiled PD catheter | 262 | 255 | 517 |
"PD modality (CAPD/APD)" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the whole study group was studied. A participant either used CAPD (Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis) or APD (Automated Peritoneal Dialysis) but may change the PD modality during the study. This variable may vary with time and is thus time-dependent. The time-dependent data was recorded at all study visits. The value recorded at the study visit which was closest to and prior to the first peritonitis episode for each participant was used in the analyses. The time-dependent data was included in a time-dependent Cox regression. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The c
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| CAPD at PD start | 278 | 262 | 540 |
| APD at PD start | 62 | 69 | 131 |
The association of the "Number of PD bags used/24h" and Time to First Peritonitis Episode was studied. The number of PD bags used/24h many vary with time, as this variable is thus time-dependent. Data from PD start is presented below. As described in "Outcome measure 39", data was collected at each study visit. We recorded the number of bags connected to the PD catheter/24h in CAPD patients and in APD patients we recorded the number of bags connected to the tubing set/24h adding the daily number of bags connected to the PD catheter if additional manual daytime exchanges were used. The time-dependent data was included in a time-dependent univariable Cox regression to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
| Number of PD bags/24h at PD start | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Number of PD Bags Used/24h" in Association With of Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 4 (1 to 5) | 4 (1 to 6) | 4. (1 to 6) |
The association of "The Volume of Dialysis Fluid used/24h" with the time to first peritonitis episode is analysed in the whole study group. The volume of dialysis fluid used per 24h can vary with time and is thus time-dependent. The dialysis fluid volume/24h used at PD start is reported below. The time-dependent data were recorded at all study visits. The value recorded at the study visit, which was closest to and prior to the first peritonitis episode for each participant was used in the analyses. The time-dependent data were included in a time-dependent Cox regression. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.
| Liter of PD fluid used/24h at PD start | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "The Volume of Dialysis Fluid Used/24h" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 8.0 (1.5 to 18.5) | 8.0 (1.5 to 22.0) | 8.0 (1.5 to 22.0) |
The exit site is the point where the PD catheter emerges from the skin of the abdomen. The number of "participants who needed of help with exit-site care at PD start is reported below. The need of this help may vary with time. This variable is thus time-dependent. The time-dependent data were recorded at all study visits. The value recorded at the study visit, which was closest to and prior to the first peritonitis episode for each participant was used in the analyses. The data were included as time-varying covariates in a time-dependent Cox regression. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of "Need of Help With Exit-site Care" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. | 84 | 79 | 163 |
Analysis of the association of the Study group (retraining group vs. control group) with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p \< 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.
| Participants | The Retraining Group | The Control Group | The Whole Study Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of the Association of the Study Group (Retraining Group vs. the Control Group) With Time to First Peritonitis Episode | 340 | 331 | 671 |
Collected over The study participants were included from 18 Jan 2010 to 31 Dec 2014. They were followed up to 3 years. The study ended on 31 Dec 2015. No adverse events were reported in this study, which compared the number of peritonitis episodes which occurred in subjects with peritoneal dialysis who were given extra training in performing peritoneal dialysis and those who who were treated according the ordinary routines.. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Follow-up Group | 27/340 (7.9%) | 0/340 (0%) | 0/340 (0%) |
| Control Group | 29/331 (8.8%) | 0/331 (0%) | 0/331 (0%) |
| Age, Continuous(Years) | The Retraining Group | Control Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median | 64 (19 to 87) | 62 (19 to 88) | 62 (19 to 88) |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | The Retraining Group | Control Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 111 | 114 | 225 |
| Male | 229 | 217 | 446 |
| Region of Enrollment(participants) | The Retraining Group | Control Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden | 191 | 192 | 383 |
| Latvia | 25 | 25 | 50 |
| Netherlands | 25 | 26 | 51 |
| Denmark | 32 | 27 | 59 |
| Estonia | 11 | 9 | 20 |
| Norway | 30 | 26 | 56 |
| Finland | 22 | 22 | 44 |
| United Kingdom | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| Age 65 years or more(Participants) | The Retraining Group | Control Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Count of participants | 164 | 144 | 308 |
| Body weight(Kg) | The Retraining Group | Control Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 77 ± 15 | 79 ± 16 | 78 ± 15 |
| Body mass index(Kg/m2) | The Retraining Group | Control Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 26 ± 4 | 26 ± 4 | 26 ± 4 |
| Primary cause of end-stage kidney disease(Participants) | The Retraining Group | Control Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetic nephropathy | 63 | 87 | 150 |
| Glomerulonephritis | 87 | 87 | 174 |
| Tubulointerstitial nephritis | 17 | 17 | 34 |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 40 | 29 | 69 |
| Ischemic kidney kisease | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Nephrosclerosis/Hypertension | 78 | 66 | 144 |
| Other diagnosis | 38 | 26 | 64 |
| Unknown cause | 16 | 18 | 34 |
| Comorbidity(participants) | The Retraining Group | Control Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ischemic heart disease | 60 | 62 | 122 |
| Peripheral vascular disease and stroke | 39 | 27 | 66 |
| Left ventricular dysfunction | 37 | 34 | 71 |
| Diabetes (comorbidity or main cause of kidney failure) | 88 | 111 | 199 |
| Collagen vascular disease | 20 | 10 | 30 |
| Other significant pathology | 42 | 30 | 72 |
16 further baseline measures are reported on the registry.
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Results were first posted in Dec 2025, 13 years after primary completion.
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Sahlgrenska University Hospital →