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CompletedNCT01286350FL3XUpdated Apr 29, 2021

FL3X Study: An Adaptive Intervention to Improve Outcomes for Youth With Type 1 Diabetes (FL3X)

An interventional study of FL3X: Flexible Lifestyle Empowering Change in Type 1 Diabetes, sponsored by University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Completed at 2 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 13 Years to 16 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-04-29.

Sponsored by University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
258
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
13 Years to 16 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to see if a behavioral intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes will improve adherence to T1D self-management activities and improve diabetes outcomes. We expect the intervention to improve diabetes outcomes when compared to usual care.

Read the detailed description

The FL3X Adaptive Intervention is designed to increase adherence to T1D self-management including medical management (blood sugar testing and insulin dosing), diet, and physical activity. FL3X relies on MI, and problem-solving skills training (PSST) as the basis for the counseling strategy, and creates a coherent integration across three key components of 1) behavior family systems therapy focused on family communications and teamwork; 2) individualized diabetes education in response to knowledge gaps relevant to behavioral goal attainment; and 3) use of currently available communications technology to support behavioral goal attainment through participant-defined reminders and motivational boosters, and/or peer support.

All FL3X intervention participants will receive "FL3X-Basic", which is the initial 3-month intervention that includes 4 sessions (40-60 min), supplemented with short additional contacts (via text, email, or web-based communication) as needed. Thereafter, applying principles of adaptive interventions, based on a decision rule using A1c values measured at defined intervals, participants are iteratively assigned to "FL3X-Check-in" or "FL3X-Regular", both of which continue with MI and PSST for the underlying counseling strategy. In FL3X-Check-in, participants who are doing well ("responders") will receive minimal ongoing support to reinforce successful strategies through brief monthly "touch-base" contacts. In FL3X-Regular, those who are "Regular-responders" will have a minimum of 3-4 in-person full-length sessions (40-60 min) over each 6-month interval, with additional brief contacts as needed (e.g., text, voice, or internet). FL3X participants randomized to the control group will receive usual care.

02

Conditions studied

  • Type 1 Diabetes

Keywords

  • motivational interviewing
  • problem solving skills training
  • family communication
  • social support
  • adolescents
03

In context

Diabetes Mellitus

10,925 studies on the registry are indexed under Diabetes Mellitus; 1,319 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 258 is above the median of 80 across 8,367 interventional studies indexed under Diabetes Mellitus.

Browse Diabetes Mellitus studies →

Lead sponsor

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill is the lead sponsor of 1,340 studies on the registry; 133 are open to participants now.

Of its 155 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 136 (88%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
13 Years to 16 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • type 1 diabetes with duration at least 12 months
  • between ages 12-16 years at registration
  • poor glycemic control (A1c 8.0-13.0%)
  • parent/guardian willing to also participate
  • not planning on moving in the following 18 months

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • pregnant (if female)
  • diabetes type 2 or gestational
  • Pre-existing systemic chronic disease (drug abuse, cancer, certain psychiatric conditions)
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
258 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • No intervention
    Control

    Participants randomized control will continue with usual clinical care.

  • Experimental
    Intervention

    Participants randomized to intervention will receive the "FL3X Flexible Lifestyle Empowering Change" intervention. Adolescents will be paired with a health coach to help learn strategies for improving diabetes control

    Behavioral: FL3X: Flexible Lifestyle Empowering Change

Interventions

  • BehavioralFL3X: Flexible Lifestyle Empowering Change

    The FL3X Adaptive Intervention is designed to increase adherence to T1D self-management including medical management (blood sugar testing and insulin dosing), diet, and physical activity. FL3X relies on MI, and problem-solving skills training (PSST) as the basis for the counseling strategy, and creates a coherent integration across three key components of 1) behavior family systems therapy focused on family communications and teamwork; 2) individualized diabetes education in response to knowledge gaps relevant to behavioral goal attainment; and 3) use of currently available communications technology to support behavioral goal attainment through participant-defined reminders and motivational boosters, and/or peer support.

    Also known as: FL3X

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Hemoglobin A1c

    HbA1c will be measured to determine impact on glucose control

    Time frame: 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Motivation

    Motivation related to diabetes care will be assessed

    Time frame: 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 months

  2. Problem solving skills

    Assess use of problem solving skills relative to diabetes care

    Time frame: 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 months

  3. Hypoglycemia

    Monitoring low blood sugar from continuous glucose monitoring

    Time frame: 0, 6, 18 mo

  4. Diabetes self-management behaviors

    Assess use of diabetes self-management behaviors

    Time frame: 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 months

  5. Risk factors for diabetes complications

    Assess variables related to diabetes complications

    Time frame: 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 months

  6. Health-related quality of life

    Assess health-related quality of life

    Time frame: 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 months

Other outcomes

  1. Cost of intervention delivery

    The study will evaluate cost to deliver intervention compared to usual care.

    Time frame: 0-30 months

07

Study locations

2 sites
  • University of Colorado Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes
    Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
  • Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
    Cincinnati, Ohio 45206, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Cristello Sarteau A, Crandell J, Seid M, Kichler JC, Maahs DM, Wang J, Mayer-Davis E. Characterization of youth goal setting in the self-management of type 1 diabetes and associations with HbA1c: The Flexible Lifestyle Empowering Change trial. Pediatr Diabetes. 2020 Nov;21(7):1343-1352. doi: 10.1111/pedi.13099. Epub 2020 Sep 1. PubMed 32741045 ↗
  • Kahkoska AR, Lawson MT, Crandell J, Driscoll KA, Kichler JC, Seid M, Maahs DM, Kosorok MR, Mayer-Davis EJ. Assessment of a Precision Medicine Analysis of a Behavioral Counseling Strategy to Improve Adherence to Diabetes Self-management Among Youth: A Post Hoc Analysis of the FLEX Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 May 3;2(5):e195137. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5137. PubMed 31150087 ↗
  • Mayer-Davis EJ, Maahs DM, Seid M, Crandell J, Bishop FK, Driscoll KA, Hunter CM, Kichler JC, Standiford D, Thomas JM; FLEX Study Group. Efficacy of the Flexible Lifestyles Empowering Change intervention on metabolic and psychosocial outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (FLEX): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018 Sep;2(9):635-646. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30208-6. Epub 2018 Jul 30. PubMed 30119757 ↗
  • Zhong VW, Crandell JL, Shay CM, Gordon-Larsen P, Cole SR, Juhaeri J, Kahkoska AR, Maahs DM, Seid M, Forlenza GP, Mayer-Davis EJ. Dietary intake and risk of non-severe hypoglycemia in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications. 2017 Aug;31(8):1340-1347. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.04.017. Epub 2017 Apr 20. PubMed 28476567 ↗
  • Mayer-Davis EJ, Seid M, Crandell J, Dolan L, Lagarde WH, Letourneau L, Maahs DM, Marcovina S, Nachreiner J, Standiford D, Thomas J, Wysocki T. Flexible Lifestyles for Youth (FL3X) behavioural intervention for at-risk adolescents with Type 1 diabetes: a randomized pilot and feasibility trial. Diabet Med. 2015 Jun;32(6):829-33. doi: 10.1111/dme.12641. Epub 2014 Dec 30. PubMed 25424501 ↗
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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Apr 29, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01286350
Lead sponsor
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Collaborators
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, University of Colorado, Denver, University of Washington, Nemours Children's Clinic, University of Pittsburgh
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jan 31, 2011
Start date
May 2014
Primary completion
Dec 2017
Completion
Jan 2018
Last update
Apr 29, 2021

Study contacts

Elizabeth Mayer-Davis, PhD
principal investigator · UNC-CH

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Feb 2019. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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