ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT00858910Updated Oct 25, 2013

Comparison of Embedded and Added Motor Imagery Training in Patients After Stroke

A Phase 2 interventional study of Motor imagery (MI) training and Control intervention in Stroke, sponsored by Reha Rheinfelden. Completed at 1 site in Switzerland. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2013-10-25.

Sponsored by Reha Rheinfelden · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
90
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 215 studies in Stroke with a site in Switzerland — 46 open to participants now, 59 under way, 6 of them phase 3. Stroke · Switzerland.

Planned enrollment
67th of 147
90 · median 79
Started
2009
with 4 others
Phase 2
5 of 215
2 open now
Registered
26th of 215
by date

Among the 215 studies in Stroke with a site in Switzerland, this one is the 67th largest by planned enrollment of the 147 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 5 that started in 2009, is one of 5 in phase 2, and was the 26th registered.

Stroke

8,255 studies on the registry are indexed under Stroke; 2,056 are open to participants now.

Browse Stroke studies →

Open to participants now

46 of the 215 studies in Stroke with a site in Switzerland are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

41 more — sign in →

All 46 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in Switzerland have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in Switzerland →

Who these studies take

Of the 1,415 Stroke studies recruiting now, 697 (49%) set no upper age limit and 280 (20%) stop at 75 or younger; 77 take children under 18; 196 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

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02

Study summary

The purpose of the study is to examine if patients in the embedded motor imagery (MI) training group (EG1) need less time to perform the motor task than patients in the added MI training group (EG2).

Read the detailed description

The purpose of the study is to examine if patients in the embedded MI training into physiotherapy (EG1) need less time to perform the motor task than patients in the added MI training to physiotherapy (EG2).

A third groups serves a control group (CG) to investigate the effect of the intervention versus a group with a control intervention.

Additionally, semi-structured interviews before and after the intervention will give an insight in the patient's experience with motor imagery (MI), their expectations regarding the intervention and their opinions about MI after the intervention.

03

Conditions studied

  • Stroke

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Keywords

  • Motor imagery
  • Motor skill
  • Performance improvement
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Patients after a first-ever ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke
  • Outpatients or leaving inpatients 3 months after stroke
  • Ability to stand with or without a cane for at least 30 sec on a normal hard floor
  • Ability to walk for 20 metres with or without a cane or an orthosis
  • with at least 20 points
  • Age older than 18 years
  • Signed written

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Joint replacements (knee, hip, shoulder)
  • Limiting pain in the upper or lower body
  • Limiting range of motion (ROM) in the hip, knee, ankle joint or toes
  • Body weight more than 90 kilograms
  • Compromised mental capacity to give written
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(2)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

MMSE and MoCA

Short tests of memory and thinking, each scored out of 30. Lower scores suggest more difficulty; criteria give a range, either to include people with memory problems or to leave them out.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
90 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    EG1: embedded MI

    Experimental group 1: Participants receive motor imagery (MI) training included in 45min physiotherapy, 3 times per week for 2 weeks.

    Other: Motor imagery (MI) training

  • Experimental
    EG2: added MI

    Experimental group 2: Participants receive a 15 minutes motor imagery (MI) training added to a 30 min physiotherapy session, 3 times a week for two weeks.

    Other: Motor imagery (MI) training

  • Placebo comparator
    CG

    Control group: Participants receive a 15 min control intervention added to their 30 min physiotherapy session, 3 times a week for two weeks.

    Other: Control intervention

Interventions

  • OtherMotor imagery (MI) training

    MI training encloses the internal rehearsal of a known motor skill without any overt motor output.

  • OtherControl intervention

    The control intervention encloses relaxation and breathing exercises, and information about: * the disease (stroke), * therapy options, * self-help groups and their offers for support, * helping aids for independent living at home.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Time in seconds to perform a motor task: "Going down, laying on the floor and getting up again."

    Time frame: 2 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. Further outcome measures: - Help needed to perform the task, scored on a 7-item scale (1 total help, 7 completely independent) - Stage of motor task (one out of 13 possible stages)

    Time frame: 2 weeks

  2. Motor impairment and independence measured with the extended Barthel index (EBI).

    Time frame: 2 weeks

  3. Balance measured with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS).

    Time frame: 2 weeks

  4. Motor imagery ability measured with the kinesthetic and visual motor imagery questionnaire (KVIQ) and the 'Imaprax 1.1' software.

    Time frame: 2 weeks

  5. Fear of falling (FOF) is measured with the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC-scale).

    Time frame: 2 weeks

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Rehabilitation centre: Reha Rheinfelden
    Rheinfelden, AG 4310, Switzerland
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Zimmermann-Schlatter A, Schuster C, Puhan MA, Siekierka E, Steurer J. Efficacy of motor imagery in post-stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2008 Mar 14;5:8. doi: 10.1186/1743-0003-5-8. PubMed 18341687 ↗
  • Schuster C, Butler J, Andrews B, Kischka U, Ettlin T. Comparison of embedded and added motor imagery training in patients after stroke: results of a randomised controlled pilot trial. Trials. 2012 Jan 23;13:11. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-13-11. PubMed 22269834 ↗
  • Schuster C, Butler J, Andrews B, Kischka U, Ettlin T. Comparison of embedded and added motor imagery training in patients after stroke: study protocol of a randomised controlled pilot trial using a mixed methods approach. Trials. 2009 Oct 22;10:97. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-10-97. PubMed 19849835 ↗
09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
Not marked actual or estimatedDates not marked actual or estimated

The record gives a start of Mar 2009, a primary completion of May 2010 and a completion of May 2010. It does not say whether these dates are actual or estimated.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Mar 9, 2009
First posted
Mar 10, 2009
Start
Mar 2009
Primary completionActual
May 2010
CompletionActual
May 2010
Last update
Oct 25, 2013
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Oct 25, 2013, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT00858910
Lead sponsor
Reha Rheinfelden
Collaborators
Oxford Brookes University
First posted
Mar 10, 2009
Start date
Mar 2009
Primary completion
May 2010
Completion
May 2010
Last update
Oct 25, 2013

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jul 2010. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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Discussion

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