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CompletedNCT00740012Updated Sep 29, 2008

Glycemic Rises After Waking Up In Response To An Alarm Clock In Type 1-Diabetic Patients Analysed With Continuous Glucose Monitoring (GlucoDay®)

An interventional study of Continuous glucose monitoring and alarm- clock intervention, patient perform blood glucose self monitoring in Stress and Type 1 Diabetes, sponsored by Diabeteszentrum Bad Lauterberg im Harz. Completed at 1 site in Germany. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 75 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2008-09-29.

Sponsored by Diabeteszentrum Bad Lauterberg im Harz · Not applicable and Interventional

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
32
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 75 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Study hypothesis: Waking up in response to an alarm clock may evoke a stress reaction that leads to rising glucose concentrations.

The purpose of this study was to prove this hypothesis with continuous glucose monitoring over three nights.

Night (a) with an alarm clock set at 2 h intervals for glucose self monitoring,

Night (b) with a nurse performing blood glucose determinations, and

Night (c) with the patients left undisturbed.

Read the detailed description

To provide nocturnal glucose control in patients with type 1 diabetes is a therapeutic challenge. Nocturnal glucose profiles are an important tool to secure adequate glycemic control during the night. Often, patients are asked to perform self-monitoring with the help of an alarm clock. Such a recommendation depends on the accuracy of glucose concentrations determined this way. We hypothesized that alarm clocks may trigger a stressful arousal that might be accompanied by rises in glucose concentrations, consecutively leading to nocturnal glucose profiles that are not representative for undisturbed conditions.

We want to prove this hypothesis with 30 patients over three nights.

Night (a) with an alarm clock set at 2 h intervals (midnight, 2 a.m., 4a.m. and 6:45 a.m) for glucose self monitoring,

Night (b) with a nurse performing blood glucose determinations at the 2 h intervals (midnight, 2 a.m., 4a.m. and 6:45 a.m), and

Night (c) with the patients left undisturbed.

All the patients are going to use a continuous glucose monitor and half of the patients (uneven numbers) are going to have an indwelling venous cannula during night (a) and (b.

During night (a) and (b) 5-7 minutes after the scheduled times for glucose measurements the doctoral candidate is going to take the pulse, another capillary blood sample for a laboratory glucose determination (EBIOS, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany). Also the doctoral candidate is going to take a venous blood sample in half of the patients (uneven numbers), blood from the indwelling venous cannula for the determination of epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, glucagon, growth hormone, and prolactin (determined by specific immunoassays at Biocientia laboratories, Jena, Germany).

02

Conditions studied

  • Stress
  • Type 1 Diabetes

Keywords

  • Nocturnal glucose profiles
  • continuous glucose profiles
03

In context

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

3,522 studies on the registry are indexed under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; 577 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 32 is below the median of 40 across 2,649 interventional studies indexed under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1.

Browse Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 studies →

Lead sponsor

Diabeteszentrum Bad Lauterberg im Harz is the lead sponsor of 5 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 75 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Type 1 Diabetic patients (diagnosed longer than 2 years)
  • HBA1c 5,0 - 9,5 %
  • Age 18-75 years
  • Hospitalized patients
  • Male or female, if female exclusion of pregnancy or secure contraception
  • Body-Mass-Index 19-40 kg/m²
  • Patient is elucidated
  • Patients agreement

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Type 2-Diabetic patients or other forms of diabetes beside type 1 diabetes, diagnosed after the guidelines of the Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft
  • HbA1c \< 5,0 % or > 9,5 %
  • A severe hypoglycemia with unconsciousness within the last 2 month
  • Body-Mass-Index \< 19 or > 40 kg/m²
  • No patient agreement
  • Pregnancy (positive pregnancy test) or unsecured contraception.
  • Agina pectoris or acute myocardial infarct, as continuous problem
  • Inadequate treated arterial hypertension > 160 mmHg systolic and/or \< 95 mmHg diastolic
  • Active tumor disease
  • Anemia hemoglobin \< 11,5 g/dl
  • Treatment with steroids, sedative or anesthetics
  • Infection/fewer > 37.5 °C
  • Renal- malfunction (serum- creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl)
  • Liver- malfunction (GPT and AP > double of upper- limit)
  • Alcohol or drug abuse
  • Sleep disorder
  • Participation in clinical studies within the last 3 month
  • Other significant health dysfunctions, which would affect the outcome of this study
  • Incapable to conform the requirements of the protocol
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
32 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Even, low numbers

    They start with a alarm- clock night. No venous blood drawing.

    Other: Continuous glucose monitoring · Other: alarm- clock intervention, patient perform blood glucose self monitoring · Other: nurse intervention · Other: Taking the patients pulse · Other: Other capillary sample

  • Active comparator
    Even, high numbers

    They start with a nurse performing blood glucose determination. No venous blood drawing.

    Other: Continuous glucose monitoring · Other: alarm- clock intervention, patient perform blood glucose self monitoring · Other: nurse intervention · Other: Taking the patients pulse · Other: Other capillary sample

  • Active comparator
    Uneven, low numbers

    They start with an alarm- clock night and have venous blood drawing.

    Other: Continuous glucose monitoring · Other: alarm- clock intervention, patient perform blood glucose self monitoring · Other: nurse intervention · Other: Taking the patients pulse · Other: Venous blood drawing · Other: Other capillary sample

  • Active comparator
    Uneven, high numbers

    They start with a nurse performing blood glucose determination and have venous blood drawing.

    Other: Continuous glucose monitoring · Other: alarm- clock intervention, patient perform blood glucose self monitoring · Other: nurse intervention · Other: Taking the patients pulse · Other: Venous blood drawing · Other: Other capillary sample

Interventions

  • OtherContinuous glucose monitoring

    Glucoday S (microdialysis system). Continuous glucose monitoring all three nights

    Also known as: Gluco Day S (Menarini Diagnostics)

  • Otheralarm- clock intervention, patient perform blood glucose self monitoring

    Alarm clock intervention at midnight, 2 a.m., 4 a.m. and 6:45 a.m.

    Also known as: Ordinary alarm clock

  • Othernurse intervention

    Nurse intervention: gently drawing capillary sample (blood glucose)at midnight, 2 a.m., 4 a.m. and 6:45 a.m. .

    Also known as: professional night nurses

  • OtherTaking the patients pulse

    In nights (a) and (b) the doctoral candidate takes the patients pulse 5-7 minutes after the alarm clock or the nurse.

    Also known as: Pulse measurment

  • OtherVenous blood drawing

    Venous blood drawing for the determination of epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, glucagon, growth hormone, and prolactin (determined by specific immunoassays at Biocientia laboratories, Jena, Germany) (6-10 minutes after midnight, 2 a.m., 4 a.m. and 6:45 a.m.)in night (a) and (b)

    Also known as: venous blood drawing from an intravenous catheter

  • OtherOther capillary sample

    5-7 minutes after the alarm clock or the nurse the doctoral candidate takes another capillary sample for a laboratory glucose determination (EBIOS, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) analyzer.

    Also known as: laboratory method (EBIOS, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany)

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Glucose (continuous glucose monitoring)

    Time frame: 10 pm, midnight, 2 am, 4 am and 6:45 am continous glucose monitoring during three nights

Secondary outcomes

  1. Hormones (norepinephrine, cortisol, glucagon, growth hormone, prolactin), Pulse, Blood glucose

    Time frame: 22 pm, midnight, 2 am, 4 am, 6:45 am

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Diabeteszentrum Bad Lauterberg im Harz
    Bad Lauterberg, Lower Saxony 37431, Germany
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Berndt C, Köthe L, Nawrodt B, Mraz B, Patzelt-Bath A. Glycaemic rises after waking up in response to an alarm clock during the night in type 1 diabetic patients can be avoided by experienced nurses drawing blood in a hospital setting as shown by continuous glucose monitoring (GlucoDayR) (abstract 14). Diabetologia 51 (Suppl. 1): S 12
  • Berndt-Zipfel C, Kothe L, Nawrodt B, Mraz B, Patzelt-Bath A, Nauck MA. Glycaemic rises after waking up in response to an alarm clock in type 1-diabetic patients analysed with continuous glucose monitoring (GlucoDay(R) S). Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2011 Jan;119(1):56-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1265162. Epub 2011 Jan 18. PubMed 21246465 ↗
09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 29, 2008, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT00740012
Lead sponsor
Diabeteszentrum Bad Lauterberg im Harz
Collaborators
Berlin-Chemie Menarini
First posted
Aug 22, 2008
Start date
Mar 2007
Primary completion
Sep 2008
Completion
Sep 2008
Last update
Sep 29, 2008

Study contacts

Michael A. Nauck, professor
principal investigator · Diabeteszentrum Bad Lauterberg

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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