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CompletedNCT00734422Updated Sep 13, 2018

Facilitation of Fear Extinction With Yohimbine Hydrochloride in Phobic Participants

A Phase 2/3 interventional study of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy in Phobic Disorders, sponsored by VU University of Amsterdam. Completed at 1 site in Netherlands. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2018-09-13.

Sponsored by VU University of Amsterdam · Phase 2/3, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 2/3
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
67
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Procedurally Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) is quite similar to models of extinction of conditioned fears. Recent advances in animal research have identified pharmacological agents that appear to both accelerate and consolidate extinction learning. One of these cognitive enhancers is Yohimbine. An interesting finding in animal literature is that the administration of Yohimbine during extinction trials accelerates fear reduction and may convert ineffective exposures in to successful ones. It is thought that the mechanism of enhanced emotional memory is through elevated norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex. Therefore, we propose to extend these studies by combining VRET with Yohimbine. In this pilot study with a between groups design 20 participants with a fear of flying will be treated with VRET plus Yohimbine or VRET plus placebo. This between groups design was chosen to further characterize the differential within and between trial extinction. Outcome will be measured by self-report, behavioral, and psychophysiological assessments at pre- and post-treatment. In addition, we will examine extinction parameters during exposures.

02

Conditions studied

  • Phobic Disorders

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Keywords

  • Phobic Disorders (Fear of Flying)
  • Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
  • Fear extinction
  • Yohimbine
03

In context

Phobic Disorders

135 studies on the registry are indexed under Phobic Disorders; 16 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 67 is close to the median of 68 across 122 interventional studies indexed under Phobic Disorders.

Browse Phobic Disorders studies →

Lead sponsor

VU University of Amsterdam is the lead sponsor of 47 studies on the registry; 7 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • DSM-IV diagnosis of specific phobia (fear of flying).
  • Between the ages of 18-65
  • Sufficient fluency in Dutch to complete treatment and research protocol

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of medical condition, assessed by self-report questionnaires at the intake (i.e., pregnancy, seizure disorder, respiratory disorder, cardiovascular disease, pacemaker, hypertension).
  • Resting blood pressure higher than 140 (systolic) or 105 (diastolic)
  • Unstable psychotropic medication.
  • Current use of tranquilizers (Benzodiazepines)
  • Psychosis
  • Depression with suicidal ideation
  • Dementia or other severe cognitive impairment
  • Substance dependence
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Borderline personality disorder
  • Anti-social personality disorder
  • Current use of beta-blockers
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Study design

Phase
Phase 2 / Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment
67 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    VRET with yohimbine

    Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy will be combined with the administration of yohimbine hydrochloride

    Behavioral: Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

  • Placebo comparator
    VRET with placebo

    Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy will be combined with an inactive placebo pill (Albochin).

    Behavioral: Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

Interventions

  • BehavioralVirtual Reality Exposure Therapy

    Standard virtual reality exposure therapy for fear of flying will be combined with the administration of either yohimbine hydrochloride or an inactive placebo pill.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Flight Anxiety Situations Questionnaire (self-report); Flight Anxiety Modality Questionnaire (self-report)

    Time frame: Assessed at pre- and post-treatment and 9-12 months follow-up

Secondary outcomes

  1. Severity of Anxiety Symptoms (Beck Anxiety Inventory) Anxiety Sensitivity (Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory)

    Time frame: Assessed at pre- and post-treatment and 9-12 months follow-up

07

Study locations

1 site
  • University of Amsterdam
    Amsterdam, Netherlands
08

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 13, 2018, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT00734422
Lead sponsor
VU University of Amsterdam
Responsible party
Paul M.G.Emmelkamp (Professor, VU University of Amsterdam) — Principal investigator
First posted
Aug 14, 2008
Start date
Jul 2008
Primary completion
Jun 2009
Completion
Jul 2010
Last update
Sep 13, 2018

Study contacts

Paul MG Emmelkamp, Professor
principal investigator · University of Amsterdam

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Sep 2018. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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