A Phase 4 interventional study of Fluticasone furoate nasal spray and Placebo nasal spray in Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial, sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline. Completed at 74 sites in 7 countries. Open to participants aged 5 Years to 8 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2017-09-15.
Sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline · Phase 4, Interventional, and Treatment
The primary objective of this study is to characterize, as accurately as possible, the estimation of the difference in pre-pubescent growth velocities between subjects treated continuously for one year with FFNS 110mcg QD, the highest dose approved for pediatric use in the US, and placebo nasal spray as determined by stadiometry.
1,105 studies on the registry are indexed under Rhinitis; 65 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 474 is above the median of 89 across 906 interventional studies indexed under Rhinitis.
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Of its 258 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 232 (90%) have results posted.
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Note: Subjects who meet the above criteria and who may also have seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and/or non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) are eligible for randomization.
Exclusion criteria:
Drug: Placebo nasal spray
Drug: Fluticasone furoate nasal spray
Fluticasone furoate nasal spray 110mg QD
Placebo nasal spray
Change From Baseline in the Growth Velocity of Pre-pubescent Pediatric Participants to the End of the 52-week Double-blind (DB) Treatment Period
Height was measured (triplicate measurements) in pre-pubescent pediatric participants via stadiometry at each clinic visit during the entire 76-week study period (16-week Baseline Period, 52-week DB Treatment Period and 8-week Follow-up Period). Growth velocity was calculated by fitting a regression line to all height measurements recorded for the participant during the period and was determined by the slope of the fitted regression line. Change from Baseline was calculated as the value over the 52-week Treatment Period minus the value over the 16-week Baseline Period.
Time frame: Baseline Period (Weeks -16 to 0) and DB Treatment Period (Weeks 1 to 52)
Mean 24-hour Urinary Free Cortisol Excretion
Hypothalamic-pitiutary-adrenal (HPA) axis function was assessed by the measurement of urinary free cortisol, using urine samples collected over the course of 24 hours by the parent/guardian in the participants' home on an out-patient basis within 7 days prior to the indicated time points. Detailed verbal instructions and a take-home instruction card on how to conduct the 24-hour urine collection were provided to the parent/guardian before each collection interval.
Time frame: Randomization/end of 16-week Baseline Period (Week 0), End of 52-week DB Treatment Period (Week 52), and end of 8-week Follow-up Period (Week 60)
Number of Participants With the Indicated Shifts From Baseline in Nasal Examination (NE) Results
NE included the evaluation of the size of ulcers/polyps (of nasal turbinates/septa) and assessment for mucosal bleeding (MB) at all study visits. Polyps are non-cancerous growths; ulcers are breaks in the skin/mucous membrane with loss of surface tissue, disintegration, and necrosis of epithelial tissue. For MB, Improved=shift from present (\>=1 nostril) to absent (both nostrils); Worsened=shift from absent (both nostrils) to present (\>=1 nostril). For polyps/ulcers, Improved=shift from large to small or from small to none; Worsened=shift from none to small or from small to none (\>=1 nostril).
Time frame: Baseline Period (Weeks -16 to 0) and DB Treatment Period (Weeks 1 to 52)
Mean Values for the Laboratory Parameters of Alkaline (Alk) Phosphatase (P), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
Participants in the study were evaluated for the following clinical laboratory parameters at the indicated time points: Alk P, ALT, and AST.
Time frame: Baseline Period (Weeks -16 to 0), DB Treatment Period (Weeks 1 to 52), and Follow-up Period (Weeks 53 to 60)
Mean Values for the Laboratory Parameters if Albumin and Total Protein
Participants in the study were evaluated for the following clinical laboratory parameters at the indicated time points: Albumin and Total Protein.
Time frame: Baseline Period (Weeks -16 to 0), DB Treatment Period (Weeks 1 to 52), and Follow-up Period (Weeks 53 to 60)
Mean Values for the Laboratory Parameters of Total Bilirubin and Creatinine
Participants in the study were evaluated for the following clinical laboratory parameters at the indicated time points: Total Bilirubin and Creatinine.
Time frame: Baseline Period (Weeks -16 to 0), DB Treatment Period (Weeks 1 to 52), and Follow-up Period (Weeks 53 to 60)
Mean Values for the Laboratory Parameters of Glucose, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, and Urea/Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
Participants in the study were evaluated for the following clinical laboratory parameters at the indicated time points: Glucose, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, and Urea/BUN.
Time frame: Baseline Period (Weeks -16 to 0), DB Treatment Period (Weeks 1 to 52), and Follow-up Period (Weeks 53 to 60)
Mean Hematology Values for Basophil, Eosinophil, Lymphocyte, White Blood Cell (WBC), Monocyte, Segmented Neutrophil (Neu), and Platelet Counts
Participants in the study were evaluated for the following hematology laboratory parameters at the indicated time points: Basophil, Eosinophil, Lymphocyte, White Blood Cell (WBC), Monocyte, Segmented Neutrophil (Neu), and Platelet counts.
Time frame: Baseline Period (Weeks -16 to 0), DB Treatment Period (Weeks 1 to 52), and Follow-up Period (Weeks 53 to 60)
Mean Values for Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin was assessed in participants at the indicated time points.
Time frame: Baseline Period (Weeks -16 to 0), DB Treatment Period (Weeks 1 to 52), and Follow-up Period (Weeks 53 to 60)
Mean Values for Hematocrit
Hematocrit was assessed in participants at indicated the time points. Hematocrit is the percentage of blood volume (BV) that is occupied by red blood cells (RBCs).
Time frame: Baseline Period (Weeks -16 to 0), DB Treatment Period (Weeks 1 to 52), and Follow-up Period (Weeks 53 to 60)
Mean Hematology Values for Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
RBCs was assessed in participants at the indicated time points.
Time frame: Baseline Period (Weeks -16 to 0), DB Treatment Period (Weeks 1 to 52), and Follow-up Period (Weeks 53 to 60)
Mean Values for Urine pH
Urine pH is an acid-base measurement. pH is measured on a numeric scale ranging from 0 to 14; values on the scale refer to the degree of alkalinity or acidity. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic, and a pH greater than 7 is basic. Normal urine has a slightly acid pH (5.0 - 6.0).
Time frame: Baseline Period (Weeks -16 to 0), DB Treatment Period (Weeks 1 to 52), and Follow-up Period (Weeks 53 to 60)
Mean Values for Urine Specific Gravity
Specific gravity is a measure of the amount of material dissolved in the urine. Specific gravity is the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density (mass of the same unit volume) of a reference substance. Normal urine has a specific gravity between 1.010 and 1.020.
Time frame: Baseline Period (Weeks -16 to 0), DB Treatment Period (Weeks 1 to 52), and Follow-up Period (Weeks 53 to 60)
Number of Participants With the Indicated Urinalysis Results for Urine Bilirubin and Urine Nitrite
Bilirubin is a normal body by-product (bile), and nitrite is a by-product of bacterial growth. Participants were categorized as Negative (Neg.) or Positive (Pos.) based on the absence or presence, respectively, of urine bilirubin (UB) and urine nitrate.
Time frame: Baseline Period (Weeks -16 to 0), DB Treatment Period (Weeks 1 to 52), and Follow-up Period (Weeks 53 to 60)
Number of Participants With the Indicated Urinalysis Results for Urine Glucose, Urine Ketones, and Urine Proteins
Urine glucose, urine ketones, and urine proteins were measured in participants using a dipstick (qualitative) test at the indicated time points. In this dipstick test, the level of glucose, ketones, and protein in urine samples was recorded as negative (Neg), trace (tr), 1+, 2+, and 3+ (the plus sign increases with a higher level of glucose, ketones, or proteins in the urine: 1+=slightly positive, 2+=positive, 3+=high positive). Participants were categorized as negative or positive based on the absence or presence, respectively, of glucose, ketones, and proteins in the urine.
Time frame: Baseline Period (Weeks -16 to 0), DB Treatment Period (Weeks 1 to 52), and Follow-up Period (Weeks 53 to 60)
Number of Participants With the Indicated Urinalysis Results for Urine Occult Blood (OB) and the Urine Leukocyte Esterase Test (LET)
Occult blood (OB) is blood that cannot be seen without a microscope. Normal urine does not contain any red blood cells. Leukocyte esterase is an enzyme and is not found in normal urine. In the dipstick (qualitative) test, the level of OB and leukocyte esterase in urine samples was recorded as negative (Neg), small, moderate, large, trace, 1+ (slightly positive), 2+ (positive), and 3+ (high positive). Participants were categorized as negative or positive based on the absence or presence, respectively, of OB and urine leukocyte esterase.
Time frame: Baseline Period (Weeks -16 to 0), DB Treatment Period (Weeks 1 to 52), and Follow-up Period (Weeks 53 to 60)
Number of Participants With the Indicated Urinalysis Results for Urine Appearance (App.)/Clarity and Color
Participants were assessed for their urine appearance, which was categorized as clear (normal), cloudy (presence of crystals, blood cells, or bacteria), of turbid. Also, participants were categorized by the color of urine: straw, yellow (normal urine), and dark yellow (DY) (which may be the result of bile in the urine).
Time frame: Baseline Period (Weeks -16 to 0), DB Treatment Period (Weeks 1 to 52), and Follow-up Period (Weeks 53 to 60)
| Milestone | Placebo: Baseline Period | Placebo: Double-blind Treatment Period | FFNS 110 mcg: Double-blind Treatment Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Started | 910 | 0 | 0 |
| Completed | 474 | 0 | 0 |
| Not completed | 436 | 0 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Didn't meet inclusion/exclusion criteria | 98 | 0 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Didn't meet randomization criteria | 263 | 0 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject | 56 | 0 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Protocol violation | 15 | 0 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Lost to follow-up | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Adverse event | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Randomized but did'nt receive treatment | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Milestone | Placebo: Baseline Period | Placebo: Double-blind Treatment Period | FFNS 110 mcg: Double-blind Treatment Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Started | 0 | 237 | 237 |
| Completed | 0 | 187 | 186 |
| Not completed | 0 | 50 | 51 |
| Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject | 0 | 20 | 20 |
| Withdrew: Protocol violation | 0 | 12 | 15 |
| Withdrew: Lost to follow-up | 0 | 5 | 7 |
| Withdrew: Adverse event | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| Withdrew: Physician decision | 0 | 2 | 4 |
| Withdrew: Lack of efficacy | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Reached protocol-defined stop criteria | 0 | 3 | 0 |
Height was measured (triplicate measurements) in pre-pubescent pediatric participants via stadiometry at each clinic visit during the entire 76-week study period (16-week Baseline Period, 52-week DB Treatment Period and 8-week Follow-up Period). Growth velocity was calculated by fitting a regression line to all height measurements recorded for the participant during the period and was determined by the slope of the fitted regression line. Change from Baseline was calculated as the value over the 52-week Treatment Period minus the value over the 16-week Baseline Period.
| Centimeters per year (cm/year) | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in the Growth Velocity of Pre-pubescent Pediatric Participants to the End of the 52-week Double-blind (DB) Treatment Period | 5.46 ± 0.10 | 5.19 ± 0.10 |
Hypothalamic-pitiutary-adrenal (HPA) axis function was assessed by the measurement of urinary free cortisol, using urine samples collected over the course of 24 hours by the parent/guardian in the participants' home on an out-patient basis within 7 days prior to the indicated time points. Detailed verbal instructions and a take-home instruction card on how to conduct the 24-hour urine collection were provided to the parent/guardian before each collection interval.
| Micrograms per 24 hours (mcg/24 hours) | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg |
|---|---|---|
| End of 16-week Baseline Period, n=168, 172 | 9.771 ± 6.0479 | 9.242 ± 5.5821 |
| End of 52-week DB Treatment Period, n=163, 169 | 11.340 ± 9.6775 | 11.125 ± 9.2195 |
| End of 8-week Follow-up Period, n=161, 167 | 10.615 ± 6.6903 | 10.311 ± 5.9986 |
NE included the evaluation of the size of ulcers/polyps (of nasal turbinates/septa) and assessment for mucosal bleeding (MB) at all study visits. Polyps are non-cancerous growths; ulcers are breaks in the skin/mucous membrane with loss of surface tissue, disintegration, and necrosis of epithelial tissue. For MB, Improved=shift from present (\>=1 nostril) to absent (both nostrils); Worsened=shift from absent (both nostrils) to present (\>=1 nostril). For polyps/ulcers, Improved=shift from large to small or from small to none; Worsened=shift from none to small or from small to none (\>=1 nostril).
| participants | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg |
|---|---|---|
| Mucosal Bleeding, Improved | 1 | 0 |
| Mucosal Bleeding, No Change | 190 | 187 |
| Mucosal Bleeding, Worsened | 0 | 1 |
| Ulcers, Improved | 0 | 0 |
| Ulcers, No Change | 191 | 188 |
| Ulcers, Worsened | 0 | 0 |
| Polyps, Improved | 1 | 0 |
| Polyps, No Change | 190 | 188 |
| Polyps, Worsened | 0 | 0 |
Participants in the study were evaluated for the following clinical laboratory parameters at the indicated time points: Alk P, ALT, and AST.
| International Units per liter (IU/L) | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg |
|---|---|---|
| Alk P, Baseline Period, n=231, 234 | 246.8 ± 57.45 | 249.8 ± 67.81 |
| Alk P, DB Treatment Period, n=184, 182 | 261.9 ± 61.96 | 262.9 ± 71.22 |
| Alk P, Follow-up Period, n=175, 174 | 264.2 ± 59.67 | 264.6 ± 67.44 |
| ALT, Baseline Period, n=231, 234 | 14.8 ± 4.54 | 15.1 ± 4.73 |
| ALT, DB Treatment Period, n=184, 182 | 15.9 ± 8.50 | 15.8 ± 5.12 |
| ALT, Follow-up Period, n=175, 174 | 16.7 ± 14.41 | 17.2 ± 13.15 |
| AST, Baseline Period, n=229, 232 | 27.4 ± 4.89 | 28.1 ± 4.89 |
| AST, DB Treatment Period, n=175, 179 | 27.0 ± 5.49 | 27.6 ± 4.87 |
| AST, Follow-up Period, n=169, 174 | 27.7 ± 8.93 | 28.3 ± 10.44 |
Participants in the study were evaluated for the following clinical laboratory parameters at the indicated time points: Albumin and Total Protein.
| Grams per liter (g/L) | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg |
|---|---|---|
| Albumin, Baseline Period, n=231, 234 | 45.8 ± 2.29 | 46.0 ± 2.33 |
| Albumin, DB Treatment Period, n=184, 182 | 45.7 ± 2.24 | 45.9 ± 2.25 |
| Albumin, Follow-up Period, n=175, 175 | 45.8 ± 2.31 | 45.6 ± 2.36 |
| Total Protein, Baseline Period, n=231, 234 | 72.0 ± 3.78 | 71.9 ± 4.30 |
| Total Protein, DB Treatment Period, n=184, 182 | 71.7 ± 3.76 | 71.7 ± 3.95 |
| Total Protein, Follow-up Period, n=175, 175 | 71.5 ± 3.66 | 71.5 ± 3.83 |
Participants in the study were evaluated for the following clinical laboratory parameters at the indicated time points: Total Bilirubin and Creatinine.
| Micromoles (µmol)/L | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg |
|---|---|---|
| Total Bilirubin, Baseline Period, n=231, 234 | 6.9 ± 2.43 | 7.2 ± 3.40 |
| Total Bilirubin, DB Treatment Period, n=184, 182 | 7.2 ± 2.69 | 7.7 ± 3.56 |
| Total Bilirubin, Follow-up Period, n=175, 175 | 7.0 ± 2.72 | 7.1 ± 3.14 |
| Creatinine, Baseline Period, n=231, 234 | 43.3 ± 7.98 | 43.6 ± 7.96 |
| Creatinine, DB Treatment Period, n=184, 182 | 45.0 ± 8.34 | 44.6 ± 8.16 |
| Creatinine, Follow-up Period, n=175, 175 | 44.5 ± 7.38 | 45.0 ± 7.72 |
Participants in the study were evaluated for the following clinical laboratory parameters at the indicated time points: Glucose, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, and Urea/BUN.
| Millimoles (mmol)/L | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg |
|---|---|---|
| Glucose, Baseline Period, n=230, 231 | 4.83 ± 0.683 | 4.86 ± 0.690 |
| Glucose, DB Treatment Period, n=184, 182 | 4.82 ± 0.782 | 4.78 ± 0.720 |
| Glucose, Follow-up Period, n=175, 175 | 4.87 ± 0.840 | 4.85 ± 0.700 |
| Calcium, Baseline Period, n=229, 232 | 2.441 ± 0.0786 | 2.435 ± 0.0993 |
| Calcium, DB Treatment Period, n=175, 179 | 2.437 ± 0.0776 | 2.440 ± 0.0847 |
| Calcium, Follow-up Period, n=169, 173 | 2.438 ± 0.0769 | 2.436 ± 0.0820 |
| Potassium, Baseline Period, n=229, 232 | 4.30 ± 0.404 | 4.31 ± 0.437 |
| Potassium, DB Treatment Period, n=175, 179 | 4.30 ± 0.373 | 4.30 ± 0.345 |
| Potassium, Follow-up Period, n=169, 173 | 4.28 ± 0.362 | 4.32 ± 0.409 |
| Sodium, Baseline Period, n=231, 234 | 139.4 ± 1.90 | 139.3 ± 1.83 |
| Sodium, DB Treatment Period, n=184, 182 | 139.1 ± 1.65 | 139.2 ± 1.58 |
| Sodium, Follow-up Period, n=175, 175 | 139.3 ± 1.89 | 139.4 ± 2.19 |
| Urea/BUN, Baseline Period, n=231, 235 | 4.99 ± 1.897 | 4.77 ± 1.195 |
| Urea/BUN, DB Treatment Period, n=184, 182 | 4.82 ± 1.315 | 4.82 ± 1.294 |
| Urea/BUN, Follow-up Period, n=175, 175 | 4.93 ± 1.219 | 4.75 ± 1.274 |
Participants in the study were evaluated for the following hematology laboratory parameters at the indicated time points: Basophil, Eosinophil, Lymphocyte, White Blood Cell (WBC), Monocyte, Segmented Neutrophil (Neu), and Platelet counts.
| Giga (10^9) cells (Gi)/L | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg |
|---|---|---|
| Basophil, Baseline Period, n=228, 231 | 0.026 ± 0.0176 | 0.025 ± 0.0151 |
| Basophil, DB Treatment Period, n=186, 188 | 0.026 ± 0.0198 | 0.027 ± 0.0184 |
| Basophil, Follow-up Period, n=177, 179 | 0.026 ± 0.0172 | 0.025 ± 0.0165 |
| Eosinophil, Baseline Period, n=228, 231 | 0.395 ± 0.3292 | 0.455 ± 0.3859 |
| Eosinophil, DB Treatment Period, n=186, 188 | 0.442 ± 0.3505 | 0.394 ± 0.3577 |
| Eosinophil, Follow-up Period, n=177, 179 | 0.419 ± 0.3337 | 0.409 ± 0.3296 |
| Lymphocyte, Baseline Period, n=228, 231 | 3.046 ± 0.9686 | 2.987 ± 0.9158 |
| Lymphocyte, DB Treatment Period, n=177, 179 | 2.779 ± 0.8038 | 2.820 ± 0.8424 |
| Lymphocyte, Follow-up Period, n=169, 173 | 2.871 ± 0.8784 | 2.841 ± 0.8107 |
| WBC, Baseline Period, n=228, 231 | 7.71 ± 2.077 | 7.36 ± 1.818 |
| WBC, DB Treatment Period, n=186, 188 | 7.14 ± 1.899 | 6.98 ± 1.896 |
| WBC, Follow-up Period, n=177, 179 | 7.18 ± 1.945 | 6.96 ± 1.894 |
| Monocyte, Baseline Period, n=228, 231 | 0.348 ± 0.1655 | 0.373 ± 0.1870 |
| Monocyte, DB Treatment Period, n=186, 188 | 0.320 ± 0.1393 | 0.343 ± 0.1598 |
| Monocyte, Follow-up Period, n=177, 179 | 0.334 ± 0.1471 | 0.326 ± 0.1592 |
| Segmented Neu, Baseline Period, n=228, 231 | 3.892 ± 1.6722 | 3.517 ± 1.5347 |
| Segmented Neu, DB Treatment Period, n=186, 188 | 3.572 ± 1.5407 | 3.391 ± 1.4828 |
| Segmented Neu, Follow-up Period, n=177, 179 | 3.572 ± 1.5623 | 3.354 ± 1.4379 |
| Platelet, Baseline Period, n=230, 230 | 313.8 ± 70.19 | 314.1 ± 59.46 |
| Platelet, DB Treatment Period, n=187, 187 | 278.6 ± 55.58 | 279.5 ± 49.51 |
| Platelet, Follow-up Period, n=175, 180 | 276.4 ± 49.27 | 283.6 ± 59.50 |
Hemoglobin was assessed in participants at the indicated time points.
| g/L | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Period, n=231, 231 | 129.5 ± 7.87 | 128.4 ± 8.00 |
| DB Treatment Period, n=186, 188 | 131.8 ± 7.32 | 130.8 ± 7.77 |
| Follow-up Period, n=177, 180 | 132.1 ± 7.43 | 130.0 ± 7.90 |
Hematocrit was assessed in participants at indicated the time points. Hematocrit is the percentage of blood volume (BV) that is occupied by red blood cells (RBCs).
| Percentage of BV occupied by RBCs | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Period, n=231, 231 | 0.3823 ± 0.02296 | 0.3783 ± 0.02480 |
| DB Treatment Period, n=186, 188 | 0.3904 ± 0.02291 | 0.3873 ± 0.02481 |
| Follow-up Period, n=177, 180 | 0.3906 ± 0.02227 | 0.3844 ± 0.02416 |
RBCs was assessed in participants at the indicated time points.
| Trillion (10^12) cells (Ti)/L | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Period, n=231, 231 | 4.59 ± 0.312 | 4.54 ± 0.327 |
| DB Treatment Period, n=186, 188 | 4.56 ± 0.303 | 4.53 ± 0.319 |
| Follow-up Period, n=177, 180 | 4.57 ± 0.306 | 4.50 ± 0.314 |
Urine pH is an acid-base measurement. pH is measured on a numeric scale ranging from 0 to 14; values on the scale refer to the degree of alkalinity or acidity. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic, and a pH greater than 7 is basic. Normal urine has a slightly acid pH (5.0 - 6.0).
| scores on a scale | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 6.02 ± 0.477 | 6.00 ± 0.536 |
| DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 6.02 ± 0.547 | 6.05 ± 0.507 |
| Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 6.05 ± 0.538 | 6.05 ± 0.524 |
Specific gravity is a measure of the amount of material dissolved in the urine. Specific gravity is the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density (mass of the same unit volume) of a reference substance. Normal urine has a specific gravity between 1.010 and 1.020.
| ratio | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 1.0240 ± 0.00718 | 1.0234 ± 0.00673 |
| DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 1.0244 ± 0.00695 | 1.0234 ± 0.00649 |
| Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 1.0237 ± 0.00642 | 1.0242 ± 0.00672 |
Bilirubin is a normal body by-product (bile), and nitrite is a by-product of bacterial growth. Participants were categorized as Negative (Neg.) or Positive (Pos.) based on the absence or presence, respectively, of urine bilirubin (UB) and urine nitrate.
| participants | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg |
|---|---|---|
| UB-Neg, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 233 | 229 |
| UB-Pos, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 0 | 0 |
| UB-Neg, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 182 | 181 |
| UB-Pos, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 0 | 0 |
| UB-Neg, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 180 | 186 |
| UB-Pos, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 0 | 0 |
| Urine Nitrite-Neg, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 232 | 228 |
| Urine Nitrite-Pos, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 1 | 1 |
| Urine Nitrite-Neg, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 178 | 176 |
| Urine Nitrite-Pos, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 4 | 5 |
| Urine Nitrite-Neg, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 179 | 183 |
| Urine Nitrite-Pos, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 1 | 3 |
Urine glucose, urine ketones, and urine proteins were measured in participants using a dipstick (qualitative) test at the indicated time points. In this dipstick test, the level of glucose, ketones, and protein in urine samples was recorded as negative (Neg), trace (tr), 1+, 2+, and 3+ (the plus sign increases with a higher level of glucose, ketones, or proteins in the urine: 1+=slightly positive, 2+=positive, 3+=high positive). Participants were categorized as negative or positive based on the absence or presence, respectively, of glucose, ketones, and proteins in the urine.
| participants | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg |
|---|---|---|
| Urine Glucose-Neg, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 233 | 229 |
| Urine Glucose-Neg, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 181 | 181 |
| Urine Glucose-Tr, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 1 | 0 |
| Urine Glucose-Neg, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 179 | 186 |
| Urine Glucose-1+, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 1 | 0 |
| Urine Ketones-Neg, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 231 | 227 |
| Urine Ketones-Trace, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 0 | 1 |
| Urine Ketones-1+, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 2 | 1 |
| Urine Ketones-Neg, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 179 | 176 |
| Urine Ketones-Tr, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 3 | 5 |
| Urine Ketones-Neg, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 180 | 184 |
| Urine Ketones-Trace, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 0 | 1 |
| Urine Ketones-1+, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 0 | 1 |
| Urine Protein-Neg, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 218 | 207 |
| Urine Protein-Trace, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 11 | 18 |
| Urine Protein-1+, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 2 | 4 |
| Urine Protein-2+, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 2 | 0 |
| Urine Protein-Neg, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 145 | 152 |
| Urine Protein-Tr, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 20 | 20 |
| Urine Protein-1+, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 14 | 7 |
| Urine Protein-2+, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 2 | 2 |
| Urine Protein-3+, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 1 | 0 |
| Urine Protein-Neg, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 156 | 155 |
| Urine Protein-Trace, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 16 | 22 |
| Urine Protein-1+, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 6 | 8 |
| Urine Ketones-2+, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 1 | 1 |
| Urine Ketones-3+, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 1 | 0 |
Occult blood (OB) is blood that cannot be seen without a microscope. Normal urine does not contain any red blood cells. Leukocyte esterase is an enzyme and is not found in normal urine. In the dipstick (qualitative) test, the level of OB and leukocyte esterase in urine samples was recorded as negative (Neg), small, moderate, large, trace, 1+ (slightly positive), 2+ (positive), and 3+ (high positive). Participants were categorized as negative or positive based on the absence or presence, respectively, of OB and urine leukocyte esterase.
| participants | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg |
|---|---|---|
| Urine OB-Neg, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 226 | 226 |
| Urine OB-Small, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 1 | 0 |
| Urine OB-Moderate, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 1 | 0 |
| Urine OB-Trace, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 4 | 3 |
| Urine OB-1+, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 1 | 0 |
| Urine OB-Neg, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 178 | 178 |
| Urine OB-Trace, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 4 | 1 |
| Urine OB-1+, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 0 | 1 |
| Urine OB-3+, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 0 | 1 |
| Urine OB-Neg, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 177 | 184 |
| Urine OB-Trace, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 1 | 1 |
| Urine OB-1+, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 2 | 0 |
| Urine OB-2+, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 0 | 1 |
| Urine LET-Neg, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 220 | 219 |
| Urine LET-Small, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 1 | 2 |
| Urine LET-Moderate, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 0 | 1 |
| Urine LET-Large, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 0 | 1 |
| Urine LET-Trace, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 7 | 0 |
| Urine LET-1+, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 3 | 2 |
| Urine LET-2+, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 0 | 2 |
| Urine LET-3+, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 2 | 2 |
| Urine LET-Neg, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 170 | 163 |
| Urine LET-Trace, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 5 | 4 |
| Urine LET-1+, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 5 | 6 |
| Urine LET-2+, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 2 | 7 |
| Urine LET-3+, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 0 | 1 |
| Urine LET-Neg, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 162 | 167 |
| Urine LET-Trace, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 5 | 5 |
| Urine LET-1+, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 2 | 8 |
| Urine LET-2+, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 8 | 4 |
| Urine LET-3+, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 3 | 2 |
Participants were assessed for their urine appearance, which was categorized as clear (normal), cloudy (presence of crystals, blood cells, or bacteria), of turbid. Also, participants were categorized by the color of urine: straw, yellow (normal urine), and dark yellow (DY) (which may be the result of bile in the urine).
| participants | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg |
|---|---|---|
| Urine App.-Clear, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 188 | 197 |
| Urine App.-Cloudy, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 23 | 21 |
| Urine App.-Turbid, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 22 | 11 |
| Urine App.-Clear, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 134 | 139 |
| Urine App.-Cloudy, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 31 | 33 |
| Urine App.-Turbid, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 17 | 9 |
| Urine App.-Clear, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 139 | 137 |
| Urine App.-Cloudy, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 25 | 35 |
| Urine App.-Turbid, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 16 | 14 |
| Urine Color-Straw, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 8 | 8 |
| Urine Color-Yellow, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 214 | 213 |
| Urine Color-DY, Baseline Period, n=233, 229 | 11 | 8 |
| Urine Color-Straw, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 6 | 7 |
| Urine Color-Yellow, DB Treatment Period, n=182,181 | 154 | 155 |
| Urine Color-DY, DB Treatment Period, n=182, 181 | 22 | 19 |
| Urine Color-Straw, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 6 | 7 |
| Urine Color-Yellow, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 156 | 160 |
| Urine Color-DY, Follow-up Period, n=180, 186 | 18 | 19 |
Non-serious events are listed at a 3% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | — | 4/237 (1.7%) | 135/237 (57%) |
| FFNS 110 mcg | — | 2/237 (0.8%) | 129/237 (54.4%) |
| Event | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg |
|---|---|---|
| AppendicitisInfections and infestations | 0/237 | 1/237 |
| GastroenteritisInfections and infestations | 0/237 | 1/237 |
| OsteomyelitisInfections and infestations | 1/237 | 0/237 |
| Pneumonia Primary AtypicalInfections and infestations | 1/237 | 0/237 |
| Respiratory Tract Infection ViralInfections and infestations | 1/237 | 0/237 |
| Head InjuryInjury, poisoning and procedural complications | 1/237 | 0/237 |
| MyositisMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | 1/237 | 0/237 |
| AsthmaRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | 1/237 | 0/237 |
| Event | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg |
|---|---|---|
| NasopharyngitisInfections and infestations | 41/237 | 37/237 |
| BronchitisInfections and infestations | 24/237 | 34/237 |
| EpistaxisRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | 22/237 | 16/237 |
| PyrexiaGeneral disorders | 14/237 | 21/237 |
| PharyngitisInfections and infestations | 18/237 | 12/237 |
| Respiratory Tract Infection ViralInfections and infestations | 17/237 | 12/237 |
| CoughRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | 15/237 | 14/237 |
| SinusitisInfections and infestations | 14/237 | 11/237 |
| InfluenzaInfections and infestations | 8/237 | 14/237 |
| Upper Respiratory Tract InfectionInfections and infestations | 11/237 | 13/237 |
| Age, Continuous(Years) | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 6.61 ± 0.969 | 6.64 ± 0.933 | 6.63 ± 0.950 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 73 | 75 | 148 |
| Male | 164 | 162 | 326 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized(participants) | Placebo | FFNS 110 mcg | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| African American (Amc)/African Heritage | 16 | 12 | 28 |
| Amc Indian or Alaska Native (Alk N) | 19 | 18 | 37 |
| Asian | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| White | 189 | 199 | 388 |
| African Amc/African and Amc Indian or Alk N | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| African Amc/African Heritage and White | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Amc Indian or Alk N and White | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Asian and White | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander and White | 1 | 0 | 1 |
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