An interventional study of Breathing Meditation Combined with Virtual Reality-Enhanced Nature Videos in Coronary Angiography, Virtual Reality and Meditation, sponsored by University of Yalova. Recruiting at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-23.
Sponsored by University of Yalova · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of breathing meditation, accompanied by virtual reality (VR)-enhanced nature videos, on anxiety, comfort, pain, and physiological parameters in patients undergoing angiography. Prior to the procedure, pain levels in patients in both groups will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS); the State Anxiety Inventory and the General Comfort Scale will be administered; and physiological parameters will be recorded. Patients in the intervention group will be fitted with VR headsets 5 minutes before the start of the angiography procedure and will undergo breathing meditation accompanied by nature videos. Patients in the control group, on the other hand, will receive routine standard nursing care and will not undergo the VR intervention. During the procedure, pain levels and physiological parameters will be assessed in patients from both groups. Following the angiography, the VAS, State Anxiety Inventory, and General Comfort Scale will be re-administered in both groups, and physiological parameters will be recorded again. By comparing the data obtained from both groups at the same measurement points, the effect of VR-supported nature video-guided breathing meditation on patients' anxiety, comfort, pain, and physiological parameters will be determined.
Angiography is an invasive diagnostic and interventional procedure that may cause pain, anxiety, and physiological stress responses in patients. These experiences can negatively affect patient comfort and increase psychological distress during the procedure. Non-pharmacological interventions, including breathing meditation and virtual reality (VR)-based applications, may help reduce anxiety and pain while promoting relaxation and comfort. This study is designed as a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on anxiety, comfort, pain, and physiological parameters in patients undergoing angiography.
The study will be conducted between October 2026 and December 2026 in the Coronary Angiography Unit of Koşuyolu High Specialization Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul, Türkiye. A total of 126 patients scheduled for angiography and meeting the inclusion criteria will be enrolled in the study. Patients will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 63) or the control group (n = 63). Patients in the intervention group will wear virtual reality (VR) goggles and watch nature videos while practicing breathing meditation, beginning 5 minutes before the angiography procedure. Patients in the control group will receive standard nursing care without VR or breathing meditation interventions.
Research data will be collected at the same assessment stages in both groups. Before the procedure, patients' pain levels will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), anxiety levels will be evaluated using the State Anxiety Inventory, and comfort levels will be measured using the General Comfort Questionnaire. Physiological parameters will also be recorded. During the procedure, pain levels and physiological parameters will be assessed. Following angiography, the VAS, State Anxiety Inventory, and General Comfort Questionnaire will be administered again, and physiological parameters will be recorded to evaluate changes following the intervention.
The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence regarding the potential effects of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on anxiety, comfort, pain, and physiological parameters in patients undergoing angiography. If effective, this non-invasive and potentially easy-to-implement intervention may be considered a complementary nursing approach to support patient comfort and reduce anxiety during angiography procedures.
University of Yalova is the lead sponsor of 58 studies on the registry; 19 are open to participants now.
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Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Be between the ages of 18 and 65,
Exclusion Criteria:
Scheduled to undergo emergency coronary angiography,
Before coronary angiography During coronary angiography After coronary angiography
Other: Breathing Meditation Combined with Virtual Reality-Enhanced Nature Videos
Before coronary angiography During coronary angiography After coronary angiography
Breathing meditation and nature video experience with a virtual reality headset
The Effect of Breathing Meditation and VR-Enhanced Nature Videos on Anxiety
\*\*State Anxiety Inventory:\*\* The State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I) will be used to assess patients' state anxiety before and after angiography. The inventory measures how individuals feel at a particular moment and consists of 20 items, each scored on a 4-point scale ranging from 1 to 4. Some items are reverse scored. Total scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater state anxiety. The inventory will be administered to patients before and after angiography to evaluate changes in anxiety levels following the intervention.
Time frame: 2 month
The Effect of Breathing Meditation and VR-Enhanced Nature Videos on Pain
\*\*Visual Analog Scale (VAS):\*\* The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a commonly used unidimensional tool for assessing pain intensity. It consists of a 10-cm (100-mm) line ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). In this study, the VAS will be used to assess patients' pain levels before, during, and after angiography to evaluate the effect of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on pain intensity.
Time frame: 2 month
The Effect of Breathing Meditation and VR-Enhanced Nature Videos on Patient Comfort
\*\*General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ):\*\* The General Comfort Questionnaire will be used to assess patients' overall comfort levels before and after angiography. The questionnaire evaluates comfort across physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental dimensions. The Turkish short form consists of 28 items and includes three subscales: relief (9 items), ease (9 items), and transcendence (10 items). Items are rated on a 6-point Likert scale, and negatively worded items are reverse-scored. The total score is divided by the number of items to obtain a mean score ranging from 1 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater comfort. The Turkish version demonstrated good internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.82. In this study, the questionnaire will be administered before and after angiography to evaluate the effect of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on patients' comfort levels.
Time frame: 2 month
The Effect of Breathing Meditation and VR-Enhanced Nature Videos on Blood Pressure
Patients' blood pressure values will be recorded to evaluate the effect of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on blood pressure during angiography. Blood pressure will be measured before, during, and after the angiography procedure in both the intervention and control groups.
Time frame: 2 month
The Effect of Breathing Meditation and VR-Enhanced Nature Videos on Pulse Rate
Patients' pulse rates will be recorded to evaluate the effect of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on pulse rate during angiography. Pulse rate will be measured before, during, and after the angiography procedure in both the intervention and control groups.
Time frame: 2 month
The Effect of Breathing Meditation and VR-Enhanced Nature Videos on Oxygen Saturation
Patients' peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) levels will be recorded to evaluate the effect of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on oxygen saturation during angiography. Oxygen saturation will be measured before, during, and after the angiography procedure in both the intervention and control groups.
Time frame: 2 month
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