An interventional study of Group A and Group B in Diabetic Children, sponsored by Emad Eldin Mohamed. Active, not recruiting at 1 site in Egypt. Open to participants aged 6 Years to 12 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-15.
Sponsored by Emad Eldin Mohamed · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
Physical activity is recommended for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), yet uncertainty remains regarding the exercise modality that provides the greatest benefit for glycemic control. This study compared the effects of circuit training and aerobic training in children with T1DM.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a glucose homeostasis illness characterized by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells, which gradually leads to insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia. In addition to raising the risk of both immediate and long-term diabetes-related consequences, inadequate glycemic control throughout the formative years may negatively impact physical development, cardiovascular health, exercise capacity, and psychosocial well-being causing accelerated metabolic derangement, including hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, hunger, and death (Katsarou et al., 2017). In order to restore and maintain euglycemia, therapy seeks to replicate the activity of the β-cell by exogenously substituting insulin and involves frequent blood glucose monitoring. Dr. Elliott P. Joslin, a visionary pioneer, believed that the best possible outcomes of T1DM treatment are achieved when both patients and families feel empod rather than victimized (Ogleet al., 2025). The prevalence of type 1 diabetes among individuals under the age of 20 in the United States is estimated to be 1.54 cases per 1,000 children. Non-Hispanic white children have the highest prevalence, with 2.0 cases per 1,000, which is 50% higher than black children (1.34 cases per 1,000) and twice as high as Hispanic children (1.0 cases per 1,000). T1DM affects both genders, unlike other autoimmune diseases that typically affect females (Patterson et al., 2019). Most studies have found a seasonal variation in onset in children, with the highest incidence of T1DM occurring in the winter and the lowest during the summer. This observation could be attributed to the greater incidence of viral infections during the winter months, which generate metabolic stress that surpasses the residual β-cell mass's ability to produce enough insulin to sustain euglycemia (Colberg et al., 2016). A susceptibility to T1DM begins at birth with the inheritance of genetic risk factors. Although the majority of newly diagnosed children have no family history of T1DM, unaffected children with a T1DM relative are at a higher risk than the general population. The most significantly related T1DM susceptibility genes are found in the major histocompatibility complex area of chromosome 6, where they most likely direct immune development and allow autoantigens to be presented to autoreactive lymphocytes (Riddell and Iscoe, 2006). The majority of pediatric patients with new-onset T1DM exhibit the characteristic signs of polyuria and polydipsia (69%), with polyphagia and weight loss appearing less commonly (33%). Patients and families usually report that symptoms persist 1 to 2 weeks, but sometimes for several months. These symptoms frequently worsen following an episode of enuresis or the onset of nocturia. Patients usually report vague complaints, such as tiredness, and may experience blurred vision (Yardley et al., 2013). In approximately one-quarter of instances, a patient with new-onset T1DM presents with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). These children initially exhibit the same basic signs (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss), which progressively worsen.
Emad Eldin Mohamed is the lead sponsor of 5 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.
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● Diabetic children aged 6-12 years.
Exclusion Criteria:
The circuit training sessions conducted under the supervision of the researcher according to the following protocol: 1. Circuit training sessions conducted at 9:00 a.m., three times per week for 12 consecutive weeks. 2. Each session lasted approximately 30-40 minutes. 3. Sessions began with a 5-minute warm-up period. 4. The exercise circuit consisted of 6-8 stations combining aerobic and body-weight resistance exercises. 5. Activities included step-ups, jumping jacks, shuttle walking, sit-to-stand exercises, body-weight squats, balance activities, and modified push-ups. 6. Children performed each station for 30-60 seconds followed by 15-30 seconds of recovery. 7. The complete circuit repeated two to three times according to each child's tolerance and progression. 8. Exercise intensity maintained at moderate levels throughout training. 9. Participants continuously monitored for signs of fatigue, dizziness, hypoglycemia, or exercise intolerance. 10. Each session concluded with a 5-m
Other: Group A
The aerobic training sessions conducted under the supervision of the researcher according to the following protocol: 1. Aerobic exercise sessions conducted at 9:00 a.m., three times per week for 12 consecutive weeks. 2. Each session lasted approximately 30-40 minutes. 3. Sessions began with a 5-minute warm-up consisting of stretching and light mobility exercises. 4. Participants performed continuous moderate-intensity aerobic activities including treadmill walking, brisk walking, jogging, and rhythmic movement exercises. 5. Exercise intensity maintained between 50-70% of age-predicted maximum heart rate. 6. Heart rate monitored throughout the training session to ensure participant safety. 7. Water breaks provided whenever needed. 8. Participants observed continuously for signs of fatigue, dizziness, hypoglycemia, or exercise intolerance. 9. Each session ended with a 5-minute cool-down period involving slow walking and stretching exercises.
Other: Group B
aerobic training program in addition to routine medical care.
aerobic training program in addition to the routine medical and nursing care provided by the diabetic clinic.
1. Fasting blood glucose level (mg/dL).
Fasting blood glucose level (mg/dL) was assessed following an overnight fast (≥8 hours). Blood glucose concentration was determined from venous blood samples using an automated biochemical analyzer. Changes in fasting blood glucose were evaluated to assess the intervention's effect on glycemic control.
Time frame: 12 Weeks
Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c, %) was assessed from venous blood samples using standardized laboratory techniques. HbA1c reflects the mean blood glucose concentration during the previous 8 to 12 weeks and was used to evaluate the intervention's effect on long-term glycemic control.
Time frame: 12 weeks
From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Emad Eldin Mohamed