An interventional study of verbal education and verbal education+ palpation in Education, Contraction and Muscle Activation, sponsored by Necmettin Erbakan University. Enrolling by invitation at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years to 35 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-13.
Sponsored by Necmettin Erbakan University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different muscle activation learning techniques-taught to university students with no prior training in this area-on academic achievement and perceived learning. Male and female first-year university students who volunteered to participate were included in the study. A sociodemographic assessment form, an academic achievement inventory, and a perceived learning scale were administered to the volunteers as pre-tests. The volunteers were randomly assigned to three groups. Muscle contraction methods were to be taught to the first group via verbal instruction; to the second group via verbal instruction combined with palpation; and to the third group via verbal instruction combined with palpation and surface EMG. The training was designed to last approximately two months, with pre- and post-training assessments to be repeated.
Necmettin Erbakan University is the lead sponsor of 199 studies on the registry; 47 are open to participants now.
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Inclusion Criteria:• Male or female students aged 18-40
Exclusion Criteria:• Those who do not complete the work
The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the muscles (muscles of the trunk, upper extremities, and lower extremities) will be explained. A researcher will present this information verbally (using illustrated presentations) over a period of eight weeks.
Behavioral: verbal education+ palpation · Behavioral: verbal education+ palpation+ EMG Biofeedback
The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the muscles (muscles of the trunk, upper extremities, and lower extremities) will be explained. A researcher will present this information verbally (using illustrated presentations) over a period of eight weeks. There will be practical sessions where the muscles being discussed are demonstrated individually via palpation and students perform the practice themselves. The combined verbal and palpation sessions will span a total of eight weeks. The muscles are demonstrated via palpation immediately following the verbal explanation.
Behavioral: verbal education · Behavioral: verbal education+ palpation+ EMG Biofeedback
The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the muscles (muscles of the trunk, upper extremities, and lower extremities) will be explained. A researcher will present this information verbally (using illustrated presentations) over a period of eight weeks. There will be practical sessions where the muscles being discussed are demonstrated individually via palpation and students perform the practice themselves. The combined verbal and palpation sessions will span a total of eight weeks. The muscles are demonstrated via palpation immediately following the verbal explanation. Following verbal explanation and palpation, the contraction ability of the superficial muscles will be demonstrated using EMG-biofeedback. All procedures will be carried out over a period of 8 weeks.
Behavioral: verbal education · Behavioral: verbal education+ palpation
The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the muscles (muscles of the trunk, upper extremities, and lower extremities) will be explained. A researcher will present this information verbally (using illustrated presentations) over a period of eight weeks.
The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the muscles (muscles of the trunk, upper extremities, and lower extremities) will be explained. A researcher will present this information verbally (using illustrated presentations) over a period of eight weeks. There will be practical sessions where the muscles being discussed are demonstrated individually via palpation and students perform the practice themselves. The combined verbal and palpation sessions will span a total of eight weeks. The muscles are demonstrated via palpation immediately following the verbal explanation.
The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the muscles (muscles of the trunk, upper extremities, and lower extremities) will be explained. A researcher will present this information verbally (using illustrated presentations) over a period of eight weeks. There will be practical sessions where the muscles being discussed are demonstrated individually via palpation and students perform the practice themselves. The combined verbal and palpation sessions will span a total of eight weeks. The muscles are demonstrated via palpation immediately following the verbal explanation. Following verbal explanation and palpation, the contraction ability of the superficial muscles will be demonstrated using EMG-biofeedback. All procedures will be carried out over a period of 8 weeks.
Academic Achievement Inventory
The scale was originally developed by Prevatt et al. (2011) to measure individuals' academic success, and its Turkish adaptation was conducted by Orçanlı et al. (2021). While the original scale consisted of 50 items and 10 sub-dimensions, one sub-dimension was removed following analyses during the Turkish adaptation process. The adapted scale comprises a total of 46 items and 9 sub-dimensions: General academic skills, perceived instructor competence, intrinsic motivation/confidence, personal adjustment, extrinsic motivation/future, socialization, career decidedness, freedom from anxiety, and concentration. The scale utilizes a 7-point Likert-type format, with scoring ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). The reliability and validity coefficient for the Turkish-adapted scale was calculated as 0.93 (Orçanlı et al., 2021).
Time frame: baseline, 8 weeks later
Perceived Learning Scale
It is a scale developed by Albayrak et al. (2015). The developed scale consists of five items structured as a five-point Likert scale and exhibits a single-factor structure. Scores on the scale range from 5 to 25. The internal consistency coefficient for the five-item scale is reported as .92. In this study, perceived learning was treated as the dependent variable. The Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient for the Perceived Learning Scale used in the study was calculated, and the Cronbach's alpha value was found to be .96 (Albayrak et al., 2015).
Time frame: baseline, 8 weeks later
From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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